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=== Terrestrial runoff to the ocean ===
[[File:Terrestrial carbon escaping from inland waters.jpg|thumb|upright=2| {{center|'''How carbon moves from inland waters to the ocean'''}} Carbon dioxide exchange, photosynthetic production and respiration of terrestrial vegetation, rock weathering, and sedimentation occur in terrestrial ecosystems. Carbon transports to the ocean through the land-river-estuary continuum in the form of organic carbon and inorganic carbon. Carbon exchange at the air-water interface, transportation, transformation and sedimentation occur in oceanic ecosystems..<ref name="Gao2022">{{cite journal |last1=Gao |first1=Yang |last2=Lu |first2=Yao |last3=Dungait |first3=Jennifer A. J. |last4=Liu |first4=Jianbao |last5=Lin |first5=Shunhe |last6=Jia |first6=Junjie |last7=Yu |first7=Guirui |title=The 'Regulator' Function of Viruses on Ecosystem Carbon Cycling in the Anthropocene |journal=Frontiers in Public Health |date=29 March 2022 |volume=10 |doi=10.3389/fpubh.2022.858615 |pmid=35425734 |doi-access=free |pmc=9001988 }}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by4|url=|author(s)=|vrt=|from this source=yes}}</ref>
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