Regnal name: Difference between revisions

InMonarchies of the [[East Asian cultural sphereSinosphere|Chinese cultural sphere]] practiced [[naming taboo]], wherein the personal names of monarchsthe rulers were to be avoided, a tradition known as [[naming taboo]].

DuringMonarchs thecould reignadopt ofor abe monarch,honored they could adoptwith regnal names ({{lang|zh-Hant|尊號}}; {{transl|zh|zūn hào}}), evenduring thoughtheir adoptionreign wasor notafter widespreadthey throughouthad historyabdicated.

Since the [[Shang dynasty]], [[Chinese sovereign]]s could be honored with temple names ({{lang|zh-Hant|廟號}}; {{transl|zh|miào hào}}) after their death, for the purpose of [[Ancestor veneration in China|ancestor worship]]. Temple names consisted of two or three [[Chinese characters]], with the last word being either {{transl|zh|zǔ}} ({{lang|zh-Hant|祖}}; "progenitor") or {{transl|zh|zōng}} ({{lang|zh-Hant|宗}}; "ancestor"). Since the [[Zhou dynasty]], Chinese monarchs were frequently accorded posthumous names ({{lang|zh-Hant|謚號}}; {{transl|zh|shì hào}}) after their death. Posthumous names were adjectives originally intended to determine the achievements and moral values, or the lack thereof, of one's life. Since both titles were accorded only after one's death, they were not effectively regnal names. As a result of Chinese cultural and political influence, temple names and posthumous names were adopted by monarchs of Korea and Vietnam, whereas monarchs of Japan adopted only posthumous names.

Since 140 BC, during the reign of the [[Emperor Wu of Han]], Chinese sovereigns often proclaimed era names ({{lang|zh-Hant|年號}}; {{transl|zh|nián hào}}) for the purpose of identifying and numbering years.<ref name="EraName1">{{cite book|last1=Lü|first1=Zongli|title=Power of the words: Chen prophecy in Chinese politics, AD 265–618|year=2003|publisher=Peter Lang |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvYvAQAAIAAJ&q=era+name+nian+hao+origin|isbn=978-3906769561|access-date=2021-06-29|archive-date=2024-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322075218/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvYvAQAAIAAJ&q=era+name+nian+hao+origin|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="EraName2">{{cite book|last1=Sogner|first1=Sølvi|title=Making Sense of Global History: The 19th International Congress of the Historical Sciences, Oslo 2000, Commemorative Volume|year=2001|publisher=Universitetsforlaget |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7nsWAQAAIAAJ&q=era+name+china+Korea+Japan+vietnam+making+sense+of+global+history|isbn=978-8215001067|access-date=2021-06-29|archive-date=2024-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322075049/https://books.google.com/books?id=7nsWAQAAIAAJ&q=era+name+china+Korea+Japan+vietnam+making+sense+of+global+history|url-status=live}}</ref> Prior to the [[Ming dynasty]], it was common for Chinese monarchs to proclaim more than one era name during a single reign, or that a single era name wascould usedspan bythe reigns of several rulers. Monarchs of the Ming and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] dynasties, however, often adopted only one era name throughout their reign;.<ref name="EraName3">{{cite journal|year=2005|title=中國學術|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dp4ZAQAAMAAJ&q=%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96+%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83|volume=6|issue=4|isbn=978-7100051965|access-date=29 December 2019|archive-date=22 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322075300/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dp4ZAQAAMAAJ&q=%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96+%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83|url-status=live}}</ref> thusThus, Chinese sovereigns of the Ming and Qing dynasties came to be highly associated with the corresponding era name of their reign and are commonly known by their respective era name with few exceptions, although era names were not effectively regnal names. The era name system hadwas also been adopted by rulers of Korea, Vietnam and Japan, with Japan still using the system to this day.<ref name="EraName2"/><ref name="EraName4">{{cite journal|year=2000|title=International Congress of Historical Sciences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ervAAAAMAAJ&q=era+name+china+Korea+Japan+vietnam|volume=19|isbn=978-8299561419|access-date=29 December 2019|archive-date=22 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322075050/https://books.google.com/books?id=0ervAAAAMAAJ&q=era+name+china+Korea+Japan+vietnam|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="EraName5">{{cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Japan-s-Reiwa-era/Ancient-tradition-carries-forward-with-Japan-s-new-era|title=Ancient tradition carries forward with Japan's new era|access-date=29 December 2019|archive-date=17 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817065323/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Japan-s-Reiwa-era/Ancient-tradition-carries-forward-with-Japan-s-new-era|url-status=live}}</ref>

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