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| [[Iddo Netanyahu]] (brother)
| [[Elisha Netanyahu]] (uncle)
| [[Shoshana Netanyahu]] (aunt)
| [[Nathan Netanyahu]] (cousin)
}}
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* [[Yom Kippur War]]
{{tree list/end}}
| otherparty = [[Herut]] (until 1988)
| awards = [[Jabotinsky Medal]] (1980)
| office11 =
| term_start11 =
| term_start14 =
| term_end14 =
| office21 = Member of the [[Knesset]]
| term_start21 = 17 February 2003
| term_start22 = 21 November 1988
| term_end22 = 6 July 1999
}}
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Born to [[secular Jewish]] parents, Netanyahu was raised in [[West Jerusalem]] and the United States. He returned to Israel in 1967 to join the [[Israel Defense Forces]] and served in the [[Sayeret Matkal]] special forces as a [[Israel Defense Forces ranks|captain]] before being honorably discharged. After graduating from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], Netanyahu worked for the [[Boston Consulting Group]] and moved back to Israel in 1978 to found the [[Yonatan Netanyahu#The Jonathan Institute|Yonatan Netanyahu Anti-Terror Institute]]. Between 1984 and 1988 Netanyahu was [[Israel's ambassador to the United Nations]]. Netanyahu rose to prominence after [[1993 Likud leadership election|election as chair of Likud in 1993]], becoming [[Leader of the Opposition (Israel)|leader of the opposition]]. In the [[1996 Israeli general election|1996 general election]], Netanyahu became the first Israeli prime minister elected directly by popular vote, and its youngest. Netanyahu was defeated in the [[1999 Israeli general election|1999 election]] and retired from politics, entering the private sector. He returned and served as [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)|minister of foreign affairs]] and [[Ministry of Finance (Israel)|finance]], initiating [[Israeli economy|economic reforms]], before resigning over the [[Gaza disengagement plan]].
Netanyahu [[2005 Likud leadership election|returned to lead Likud in 2005]] and was leader of the opposition between 2006 and 2009. After the [[2009 Israeli legislative election|2009 legislative election]], Netanyahu [[Thirty-second government of Israel|formed a coalition]] with other right-wing parties and became prime minister again. He led Likud to victory in the [[2013 Israeli legislative election|2013]] and [[2015 Israeli legislative election|2015 elections]]. Netanyahu made his closeness to [[Donald Trump]], a friend since the 1980s, central to his appeal from 2016. During [[Trump's first presidency]], the [[United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel|US recognized Jerusalem as capital of Israel]], [[United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel|Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights]], and brokered the [[Abraham Accords]], [[Arab–Israeli normalization|normalization agreements]] between Israel and the [[Arab world]]. Netanyahu has faced criticism over expanding [[Israeli settlement]]s in the [[occupied West Bank]], deemed [[International law and Israeli settlements|illegal under international law]]. In 2019, Netanyahu was [[Trial of Benjamin Netanyahu|indicted on charges of breach of trust, bribery and fraud]], and relinquished all ministerial posts
[[Thirty-seventh government of Israel|Netanyahu's coalition]] pursued [[2023 Israeli judicial reform|judicial reform]], which was met with large-scale [[2023 Israeli judicial reform protests|protests]] in early 2023
== Early life and military career ==
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In 1978, Netanyahu returned to Israel. Between 1978 and 1980, he ran the Jonathan Netanyahu Anti-Terror Institute,<ref name="ynetnews.com"/> a non-governmental organization devoted to the study of terrorism; the Institute held a number of international conferences focused on the discussion of international terrorism. From 1980 to 1982, he was director of marketing for Rim Industries in Jerusalem.<ref>Shirley Anne Warshaw, ''The Clinton Years'' (Infobase Publishing, 2009), p. 240</ref> During this period Netanyahu made his first connections with several Israeli politicians, including Minister [[Moshe Arens]].
Arens appointed him as his Deputy Chief of Mission at the Israeli Embassy in Washington, D.C., while Arens was ambassador to the United States, a position he held from 1982 until 1984.<ref name="netanyahu">{{cite web |url=http://www.netanyahu.org/biography.html |publisher=Netanyahu.org |title=Benjamin Netanyahu |access-date=18 November 2012 |url-status=
== Leader of the Opposition (1993–1996) ==
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In September 2010, Netanyahu agreed to enter [[Direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians in 2010|direct talks]], mediated by the [[Presidency of Barack Obama|Obama administration]], with the Palestinians for the first time in a long while.<ref name="ap090110">{{cite news |title=Mideast peace talks open to qualified optimism |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna38948469 |publisher=NBC News |date=1 September 2010 |access-date=6 March 2013 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004234845/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/38948469/ns/world_news-mideastn_africa/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The ultimate aim of these direct talks is to forge the framework of an official "final status settlement" to the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]] by forming a [[two-state solution]] for the [[Jewish people]] and the [[Palestinian people]]. On 27 September, the 10-month settlement freeze ended, and the Israeli government approved new construction in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem.<ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. pushes talks as Israel resumes settlement building |first1=Jill |last1=Dougherty |first2=Elise |last2=Labott |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/09/27/us.mideast.peace.talks/index.html |work=CNN |date=27 September 2010 |access-date=17 March 2013 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004225836/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/09/27/us.mideast.peace.talks/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On retiring from office in July 2011, former U.S. Secretary of Defense [[Robert Gates]] had said that Netanyahu was ungrateful to the United States and endangering Israel. Responding, the Likud party defended Netanyahu by saying that most Israelis supported the Prime Minister and that he had broad support in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |title=Likud defends Netanyahu after report Gates called him 'ungrateful' |first1=Barak |last1=Ravid |first2=Eli |last2=Ashkenazi |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/likud-defends-netanyahu-after-report-gates-called-him-ungrateful-1.382875 |newspaper=Haaretz |date=6 September 2011 |access-date=17 March 2013 |archive-date=6 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906150408/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/likud-defends-netanyahu-after-report-gates-called-him-ungrateful-1.382875 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gates called Netanyahu an ungrateful ally to U.S. and a danger to Israel |first=Barak |last=Ravid |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/gates-called-netanyahu-an-ungrateful-ally-to-u-s-and-a-danger-to-israel-1.382828 |newspaper=Haaretz |date=6 September 2011 |access-date=17 March 2013 |archive-date=27 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127012658/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/gates-called-netanyahu-an-ungrateful-ally-to-u-s-and-a-danger-to-israel-1.382828 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Netanyahu unsuccessfully called for the early release of [[Jonathan Pollard]], an American serving a life sentence for passing secret U.S. documents to Israel in 1987.<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/1999/01/19/1999-01-19_netanyahu_and_foe_tangle_ove.html Netanyahu And Foe Tangle Over Pollard]{{Dead link|date=January 2015}}, [[New York Daily News]].</ref> He has raised the issue at the [[Wye River (Maryland)|Wye River]] Summit in 1998, where he claimed that U.S. President Bill Clinton had privately agreed to release Pollard.<ref>Ross, Dennis. ''Statecraft: And How to Restore America's Standing in the World''. 2008, p. 213</ref><ref>Clinton, Bill. ''My Life: The Presidential Years''. 2005, p. 468</ref> In 2002, Netanyahu visited Pollard at his [[North Carolina]] prison.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netanyahu.org/forpmnetvisp.html |title=Former PM Netanyahu Visits Pollard in Prison |publisher=Netanyahu.org |access-date=27 October 2011 |url-status=
In 2011, [[2011 Israeli social justice protests|social justice protests]] broke out across Israel. Hundreds of thousands of people protested Israel's high cost of living throughout the country. In response, Netanyahu appointed the [[Trajtenberg Committee]], headed by professor [[Manuel Trajtenberg]], to examine the problems and propose solutions. The committee submitted recommendations to lower the high cost of living in September 2011.<ref>{{cite press release|title=The recommendations of the Trajtenberg Committee were submitted today to the Prime Minister and the Minister of Finance |url=http://www.financeisrael.mof.gov.il/FinanceIsrael/Docs/En/pressReleases/20110927.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Finance |date=27 September 2011 |access-date=27 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111218031119/http://www.financeisrael.mof.gov.il/FinanceIsrael/Docs/En/pressReleases/20110927.pdf |archive-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> Although Netanyahu promised to push the proposed reforms through the cabinet in one piece, differences inside his coalition resulted in the reforms being gradually adopted.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Moti Bassok |author2=Jonathan Lis |name-list-style=amp |title=Netanyahu strikes deal with Yisrael Beiteinu to approve Trajtenberg report |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/netanyahu-strikes-deal-with-yisrael-beiteinu-to-approve-trajtenberg-report-1.388958 |newspaper=Haaretz |date=9 October 2011 |access-date=27 January 2012 |archive-date=21 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121030317/http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/netanyahu-strikes-deal-with-yisrael-beiteinu-to-approve-trajtenberg-report-1.388958 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Avi Bar-Eli, Meirav Arlosoroff |author2=Ora Coren |name-list-style=amp |title=Despite PM's promises, most Trajtenberg recommendations may never become law |url=http://english.themarker.com/despite-pm-s-promises-most-trajtenberg-recommendations-may-never-become-law-1.395637 |newspaper=The Marker |date=15 November 2011 |access-date=27 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116034934/http://english.themarker.com/despite-pm-s-promises-most-trajtenberg-recommendations-may-never-become-law-1.395637 |archive-date=16 January 2012 }}</ref>
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In October 2014, Netanyahu's government approved a privatization plan to reduce corruption and politicization in government companies, and strengthen Israel's capital market. Under the plan, minority stakes of up to 49% in state-owned companies, including arms manufacturers, energy, postal, water, and railway companies, as well as the ports of Haifa and Ashdod.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-privatisation-idUSKCN0HU0RA20141005|title=Israel approves $4 billion privatization plan for next three years|date=5 October 2016|publisher=Reuters|access-date=30 June 2017|archive-date=18 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018083116/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-privatisation-idUSKCN0HU0RA20141005|url-status=live}}</ref> That same month, Netanyahu called criticism of settlements "against the American values", a remark that earned him a sharp rebuke from the White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest, who noted that American values had resulted in Israel receiving not only consistent funding but protective technology such as Iron Dome. Netanyahu explained that he does not accept restrictions on where Jews could live, and said that Jerusalem's Arabs and Jews should be able to buy homes wherever they want. He said he was "baffled" by the American condemnation. "It's against the American values. And it doesn't bode well for peace. The idea that we'd have this ethnic purification as a condition for peace, I think it's anti-peace."<ref>{{cite news|access-date=7 June 2021|title=White House jabs Netanyahu over 'American values' critique|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/white-house-jabs-netanyahu-over-american-values-critique-114100700057_1.html|work=[[Business Standard]]|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|archive-date=7 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107152208/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/white-house-jabs-netanyahu-over-american-values-critique-114100700057_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|access-date=7 June 2021|title=Netanyahu says US criticism of settlements is 'against American values'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/05/netanyahu-says-us-criticism-settlements-against-american-values|date=5 October 2014|work=The Guardian|agency=Associated Press|archive-date=7 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607093814/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/05/netanyahu-says-us-criticism-settlements-against-american-values|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.619534|title=White House Responds to Netanyahu: American Values Gave Israel the Iron Dome|first=Barak|last=Ravid|date=7 October 2014|newspaper=Haaretz|access-date=14 November 2014|archive-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113013859/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.619534|url-status=live}}</ref> Not long thereafter, Jeffrey Goldberg of The Atlantic reported that the relationship between Netanyahu and the White House had reached a new low, with the U.S. administration angry over Israel's settlement policies, and Netanyahu expressing contempt for the American administration's grasp of the Middle East.<ref name=crisis>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/10/the-crisis-in-us-israel-relations-is-officially-here/382031/|title=The Crisis in U.S.–Israel Relations Is Officially Here|first=Jeffrey|last=Goldberg|author-link=Jeffrey Goldberg|date=28 October 2014|work=The Atlantic|access-date=5 March 2017|archive-date=6 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151206191955/http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/10/the-crisis-in-us-israel-relations-is-officially-here/382031/|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 2 December 2014, Netanyahu fired two of his ministers, Finance Minister [[Yair Lapid]],
In January 2015, Netanyahu was invited to address the US Congress. This speech marked Netanyahu's third speech to a joint session of Congress.<ref>{{cite news|title=Netanyahu to address US Congress in February|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Netanyahu-invited-to-speak-to-joint-session-of-US-Congress-in-midst-of-election-campaign-388468|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|first=Herb|last=Keinon|date=1 January 2015|access-date=23 January 2015|archive-date=23 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123194118/http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Netanyahu-invited-to-speak-to-joint-session-of-US-Congress-in-midst-of-election-campaign-388468|url-status=live}}</ref> The day before announcing he would address Congress, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' reported that he tried to derail a meeting between U.S. lawmakers and the head of Mossad, [[Tamir Pardo]], who intended warning them against imposing further sanctions against Iran, a move that might derail nuclear talks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4637008,00.html|title=Report: Netanyahu tried to prevent Mossad briefing for US Senators on Iran|work=[[Ynet]]|date=15 March 2015|access-date=15 March 2015|archive-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316040104/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4637008,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/3744265/benjamin-netanyahu-israel-iran-nuclear-talks-obama/|title=Exclusive: Netanyahu Canceled Intel Briefing for U.S. Senators on Iran Dangers|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=14 March 2015|first=Massimo|last=Calabresi|access-date=15 March 2015|archive-date=15 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315124413/http://time.com/3744265/benjamin-netanyahu-israel-iran-nuclear-talks-obama/|url-status=live}}</ref> Leading up to the speech, on 3 March 2015, Israeli consuls general in the United States "expect[ed] fierce negative reaction from U.S. Jewish communities and Israel's allies". Objections included the arrangement of the speech without the support and engagement of the Obama administration and the timing of the speech before Israel's 17 March 2015 election. Seven American Jewish lawmakers met with [[Ron Dermer]], Israel's ambassador to the U.S. and recommended that Netanyahu instead meet with lawmakers privately to discuss Iran.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.640896|title=Consuls in U.S. warn: Israel's friends fear Netanyahu's speech to Congress will harm ties|work=Haaretz|first=Barak|last=Ravid|date=5 February 2015|access-date=5 February 2015|archive-date=5 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205064829/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.640896|url-status=live}}</ref> In making the speech, Netanyahu claimed to speak for all Jews worldwide, a claim disputed by others in the Jewish community.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/01/dianne-feinstein-benjamin-netanyahu_n_6778748.html|title=Dianne Feinstein: Benjamin Netanyahu 'Arrogant' For Claiming To Speak For All Jews|work=The Huffington Post|date=1 March 2015|first=Sam|last=Levine|access-date=1 March 2015|archive-date=2 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302153935/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/01/dianne-feinstein-benjamin-netanyahu_n_6778748.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/j-street-launches-campaign-against-netanyahu/|title=J Street launches campaign against Netanyahu|work=The Times of Israel|date=10 February 2015|first=Ilan|last=Ben Zion|access-date=1 March 2015|archive-date=1 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301022228/http://www.timesofisrael.com/j-street-launches-campaign-against-netanyahu/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/blogs/a-special-place-in-hell/.premium-1.641702|title=How dare Netanyahu speak in the name of America's Jews?|work=Haaretz|date=9 February 2015|first=Bradley|last=Burston|access-date=21 March 2021|archive-date=27 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027025519/https://www.haaretz.com/blogs/a-special-place-in-hell/.premium-1.641702|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/news/1.645245|title=Thousands of ultra-Orthodox Jews protest in NYC over Netanyahu's speech|work=Haaretz|date=4 March 2015|first=Jacob|last=Kornbluth|access-date=21 March 2021|archive-date=22 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622085034/https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/news/1.645245|url-status=live}}</ref> Rebecca Vilkomerson, executive director of Jewish Voice for Peace, stated that "American Jews are largely appalled by the notion that Netanyahu, or any other Israeli politician – one that we did not elect and do not choose to be represented by – claims to speak for us."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/netanyahu-does-not-speak-for-all-american-jews-commentary/2015/02/20/9c456ecc-b943-11e4-bc30-a4e75503948a_story.html|title=Netanyahu does not speak for all American Jews|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=20 February 2015|first=Rebecca|last=Vilkomerson|access-date=21 March 2021|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510151435/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/netanyahu-does-not-speak-for-all-american-jews-commentary/2015/02/20/9c456ecc-b943-11e4-bc30-a4e75503948a_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
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On 7 October 2023, after Palestinian militants from Gaza launched [[7 October attacks|a major surprise attack]], Netanyahu announced that Israel would enter in a state of war against [[Hamas]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Netanyahu says Israel is 'at war' as Palestinian militants launch surprise air and ground attack from Gaza |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/07/middleeast/sirens-israel-rocket-attack-gaza-intl-hnk/index.html |work=[[CNN]] |date=7 October 2023 |access-date=7 October 2023 |archive-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008010528/https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/07/middleeast/sirens-israel-rocket-attack-gaza-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He threatened to "turn all the places where Hamas is organized and hiding into cities of ruins", called [[Gaza City|Gaza]] "the city of evil", and urged its residents to "leave now".<ref>{{cite news |title=Netanyahu: We will turn places where Hamas is hiding into 'cities of ruins' |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/skforn1za |work=Ynetnews |date=7 October 2023 |access-date=15 October 2023 |archive-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015164027/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/skforn1za |url-status=live }}</ref> He later proposed that opposition parties Yesh Atid and National Unity enter [[Israeli war cabinet|an emergency unity government]] amid the conflict,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netanyahu offers Lapid, Gantz to join him in emergency unity government |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/netanyahu-offers-lapid-gantz-to-join-him-in-emergency-unity-government/ |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007182953/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/netanyahu-offers-lapid-gantz-to-join-him-in-emergency-unity-government/ |url-status=live }}</ref> after Leader of the Opposition Lapid urged Nethanyahu put "aside our differences and form an emergency, narrow, professional government."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keller-Lynn |first=Carrie |title=Lapid urges emergency government, says PM can't manage war with extreme cabinet |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/lapid-urges-emergency-government-says-pm-cant-manage-war-with-extreme-cabinet/ |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007182954/https://www.timesofisrael.com/lapid-urges-emergency-government-says-pm-cant-manage-war-with-extreme-cabinet/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Netanyahu was criticized for presiding over Israel's biggest intelligence failure in 50 years, and has [[Israel-Hamas war protests in Israel#"Bring Them Home Now" protests|faced protests]] calling for his removal. The outbreak of war led to increased opposition to Netanyahu and the government from Israeli citizens due to a perceived failure to anticipate the Hamas-led attack, with increased calls for Netanyahu's resignation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Israelis blame gov't for Hamas massacre, say Netanyahu must resign |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-767880 |access-date=14 October 2023 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |date=12 October 2023 |archive-date=22 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022103941/https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-767880 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Thousands Protest Across Israel Against Netanyahu's Government |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-01-20/ty-article/.premium/thousands-protest-across-israel-against-netanyahus-government/0000018d-282a-dd75-addd-faeb1faf0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129002825/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-01-20/ty-article/.premium/thousands-protest-across-israel-against-netanyahus-government/0000018d-282a-dd75-addd-faeb1faf0000 |archive-date=29 January 2024 |access-date=29 January 2024 |work=Haaretz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=20 January 2024 |title=Protesters call for change to Netanyahu government |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/protesters-tel-aviv-call-change-netanyahu-government-2024-01-20/ |work=Reuters}}</ref> A poll in 2023 showed that 56% of Israelis believed that Netanyahu must resign after the war, with 86% of respondents holding the country's leadership responsible for the security failings that led to the attack.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wionews.com/world/majority-israelis-blame-govt-for-hamas-attack-believe-netanyahu-must-resign-poll-646303 |title=Many Israelis blame govt for Hamas attack, believe Netanyahu must resign: Poll |publisher=WION |access-date=15 October 2023 |archive-date=19 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019211159/https://www.wionews.com/world/majority-israelis-blame-govt-for-hamas-attack-believe-netanyahu-must-resign-poll-646303 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231012-56-israelis-believe-netanyahu-should-resign-at-end-of-conflict-with-palestine-poll/ |title=56% Israelis believe Netanyahu should resign at end of conflict with Palestine: Poll |publisher=Middle East Monitor |access-date=15 October 2023 |archive-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015191954/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231012-56-israelis-believe-netanyahu-should-resign-at-end-of-conflict-with-palestine-poll/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Israel-Gaza conflict: Unthinkable security lapse on Netanyahu's watch |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/unthinkable-security-lapse-netanyahu-watch-analysis-israel-palestine-hamas-wxf5dd97f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028183017/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/unthinkable-security-lapse-netanyahu-watch-analysis-israel-palestine-hamas-wxf5dd97f |archive-date=28 October 2023 |access-date=14 October 2023 |work=The Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Israelis question Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on 'colossal failure' on security establishment |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/israelis-question-prime-minister-benjamin-netanyahu-on-colossal-failure-on-security-establishment/cid/1972740 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028182415/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/israelis-question-prime-minister-benjamin-netanyahu-on-colossal-failure-on-security-establishment/cid/1972740 |archive-date=28 October 2023 |access-date=14 October 2023 |work=The Telegraph Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Netanyahu may end up the highest-ranking casualty of this attack |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/commentary/shocking-failure-of-israeli-security-a-blow-to-netanyahu/news-story/ba924d39fea487b748b9614e205fa365 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026211712/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/commentary/shocking-failure-of-israeli-security-a-blow-to-netanyahu/news-story/ba924d39fea487b748b9614e205fa365 |archive-date=26 October 2023 |access-date=14 October 2023 |work=The Australian}}</ref> On 28 October 2023, Netanyahu was accused of using "dangerous rhetoric" when comparing Hamas to [[Amalek]], stating: "You must remember what Amalek has done to you, says our Holy Bible. And we do remember."<ref>{{cite news |title=The Dangerous History Behind Netanyahu's Amalek Rhetoric |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2023/11/benjamin-netanyahu-amalek-israel-palestine-gaza-saul-samuel-old-testament/ |work=The Mother Jones |date=3 November 2023 |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=24 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124213319/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2023/11/benjamin-netanyahu-amalek-israel-palestine-gaza-saul-samuel-old-testament/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 29 October, Netanyahu blamed Israel's security chiefs for Hamas's attack in a post on X (formerly Twitter); this was later deleted following criticism.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kershner |first=Isabel |date=29 October 2023 |title=Netanyahu Apologizes After Blaming Security Chiefs for Failure in Hamas Attack |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/29/world/middleeast/netanyahu-apologizes-hamas-attack.html |access-date=29 October 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029135606/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/29/world/middleeast/netanyahu-apologizes-hamas-attack.html |url-status=live }}</ref>[[File:Benjamin Netanyahu addresses the 118th United States Congress (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Netanyahu addresses a joint session of Congress in Washington, D.C. with House Speaker [[Mike Johnson]] and Senator [[Ben Cardin]], 24 July 2024.]]
On 11 November 2023, he rejected calls for a ceasefire in the war and warned that Israel will "stand firm against the world if necessary." He said the [[Israel Defense Forces]] would remain in Gaza "as long as necessary" and Israel would prevent the [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian Authority]] from returning to Gaza.<ref>{{cite news |title=Netanyahu: We'll defy the world if needed to defeat Hamas; PA can't run Gaza after war |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-vows-to-defeat-hamas-even-if-israel-has-to-stand-firm-against-the-world/ |work=The Times of Israel |date=12 November 2023 |access-date=13 November 2023 |archive-date=13 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113120544/https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-vows-to-defeat-hamas-even-if-israel-has-to-stand-firm-against-the-world/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Netanyahu called allegations that Israel is breaking international law "hogwash" and described Palestinian [[Casualties of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war|civilian casualties]] as "collateral damage."<ref>{{cite news |title=Netanyahu Calls Palestinians 'Collateral Damage' As Israel Destroys Gaza |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/benjamin-netanyahu-israel-gaza-collateral-damage_n_655119bfe4b0373d70b28a56 |work=HuffPost |date=12 November 2023 |access-date=13 November 2023 |archive-date=13 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113115405/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/benjamin-netanyahu-israel-gaza-collateral-damage_n_655119bfe4b0373d70b28a56 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 5 December 2023, he faced criticism during a meeting with released [[Israel–Hamas war hostage crisis|Israeli hostages]]. One of the hostages accused him of putting politics "above the return of the kidnapped."<ref>{{cite news |title=Leaked audio of heated meeting reveals hostages' fury at Netanyahu |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/12/06/middleeast/leaked-audio-of-heated-meeting-reveals-hostages-fury-at-netanyahu/index.html |work=CNN |date=6 December 2023 |access-date=7 December 2023 |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207212505/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/12/06/middleeast/leaked-audio-of-heated-meeting-reveals-hostages-fury-at-netanyahu/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2023, Netanyahu said that Israel should support the "voluntary migration" of Palestinians from Gaza.<ref>{{cite news |title=Israeli MK: Countries in South America, Africa Offered to Accept Refugees From Gaza, in Exchange for Payment |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-12-26/ty-article/israeli-mk-israel-has-received-inquiries-from-countries-to-accept-refugees-from-gaza/0000018c-a50e-d408-a99f-ed5ec4f00000 |work=Haaretz |date=26 December 2023 |access-date=30 December 2023 |archive-date=26 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226092458/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-12-26/ty-article/israeli-mk-israel-has-received-inquiries-from-countries-to-accept-refugees-from-gaza/0000018c-a50e-d408-a99f-ed5ec4f00000 |url-status=live }}</ref> Netanyahu has been accused of genocide by non-governmental organizations,<ref>{{cite web |last=Eghbariah |first=Rabea |date=21 November 2023 |title=The Harvard Law Review Refused to Run This Piece About genocide in Gaza |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/harvard-law-review-gaza-israel-genocide/ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206163957/https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/harvard-law-review-gaza-israel-genocide/ |archive-date=6 December 2023 |access-date=21 March 2024 |work=The Nation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=16 November 2023 |title=Gaza: UN experts call on international community to prevent genocide against the Palestinian people |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/11/gaza-un-experts-call-international-community-prevent-genocide-against |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224050530/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/11/gaza-un-experts-call-international-community-prevent-genocide-against |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=21 March 2024 |work=UN}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Burga |first=Solcyre |date=14 November 2023 |title=Is What's Happening in Gaza a Genocide? Experts Weigh In |url=https://time.com/6334409/is-whats-happening-gaza-genocide-experts/ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125022352/https://time.com/6334409/is-whats-happening-gaza-genocide-experts/ |archive-date=25 November 2023 |access-date=21 March 2024 |magazine=Time}}</ref> culminating in the [[South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)|''South Africa v. Israel'']] case before the [[International Court of Justice]] in December 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last=Powell |first=Anita |date=4 January 2024 |title=South Africa to take Israel to Top UN Court on Genocide Claim in Gaza |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/south-africa-to-take-israel-to-top-un-court-on-genocide-claim-in-gaza-/7427539.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106225145/https://www.voanews.com/a/south-africa-to-take-israel-to-top-un-court-on-genocide-claim-in-gaza-/7427539.html |archive-date=6 January 2024 |access-date=21 March 2024 |work=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/192/192-20231228-app-01-00-en.pdf |title=Proceedings instituted by South Africa against the State of Israel on 29 December 2023 |date=29 December 2023 |access-date=21 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105144115/https://www.icj-cij.org/index.php/node/203394 |archive-date=5 January 2024 |url-status=live |work=International Court of Justice}}</ref>
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=== Family and background ===
Netanyahu was born in [[Tel Aviv]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netanyahu.org/biography.html |title=Biography: Benjamin Netanyahu |publisher=Likud |access-date=15 September 2009 |url-status=
Netanyahu's father, [[Benzion Netanyahu|Benzion]], was a professor of [[Jewish history]] at [[Cornell University]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Brand |first=David |title=Lehman leads CU group into the desert to promote education – and peace |url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/features/BTR/BTR_cover.html |publisher=[[Cornell University]] |date=9 March 2004 |access-date=5 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718210043/http://www.news.cornell.edu/features/BTR/BTR_cover.html |archive-date=18 July 2008 }}</ref> editor of the [[Encyclopaedia Hebraica]], and a senior aide to [[Ze'ev Jabotinsky]], who remained active in research and writing into his nineties.
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=== Health ===
Netanyahu has been suffering from [[right bundle branch block]] (RBBB) since around 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.israelhayom.co.il/health/article/14422465|title=15 שניות של חסימה בלב: היממה הדרמטית של נתניהו | ישראל היום|date=23 July 2023|website=www.israelhayom.co.il}}</ref> On 22 July 2023, a pacemaker was implanted in his body.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/bjmjnatq3 | title=רגע לפני ההצבעה: קוצב לב הושתל הלילה לנתניהו, לוין מילא את מקומו | newspaper=Ynet | date=22 July 2023 | last1=אייכנר | first1=איתמר | last2=אזולאי | first2=מורן | last3=ינקו | first3=אדיר }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.israelhayom.co.il/health/article/14419313|title=קוצב הלב שהושתל לנתניהו מיועד ל"מדוכאי חיסון" – והוא איננו בסל הבריאות | ישראל היום|date=14 September 2023|website=
His personal physician and close friend is the Romanian-born pediatrist [[Herman Berkovits]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.digi24.ro/stiri/externe/mapamond/sanatatea-premierului-israelian-sta-in-mainile-unui-medic-roman-325112 | title=Sănătatea premierului israelian stă în mâinile unui medic român | date=23 November 2014 }}</ref>
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[[Category:Chief marketing officers]]
[[Category:Deputy ministers of Israel]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted by the International Criminal Court]]▼
[[Category:Fugitives wanted on war crimes charges]]▼
[[Category:Israeli Ashkenazi Jews]]
[[Category:Israeli chief executives]]
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[[Category:Israeli secular Jews]]
[[Category:Writers on Zionism]]
▲[[Category:Fugitives wanted by the International Criminal Court]]
▲[[Category:Fugitives wanted on war crimes charges]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted on crimes against humanity charges]]
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