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{{other places}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Marshfield, Wisconsin
| settlement_type = [[City (Wisconsin)|City]]
| motto =
| image_skyline = Marshfield Central Ave Historical District.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_map = File:Wood County Wisconsin Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Marshfield Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Location of Marshfield in Wood County<br>and Marathon County, Wisconsin
|
|
|
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|United States}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Wisconsin}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Wisconsin|Counties]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Wood County, Wisconsin|Wood]], [[Marathon County, Wisconsin|Marathon]]
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_55.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 35.45
| area_land_km2 = 35.38
| area_water_km2 = 0.07
| area_total_sq_mi = 13.69
| area_land_sq_mi = 13.66
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.03
| population_as_of = [[
|
| population_density_sq_mi = 1385.8
| population_density_km2 =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2020-census-5549675" />
| population_est =
| pop_est_as_of =
| pop_est_footnotes =
| timezone = [[Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]] | utc_offset = −6
| timezone_DST = CDT
| utc_offset_DST = −5
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="GR3">{{GNIS|1569085}}</ref>
| elevation_m = 392
| elevation_ft =
| coordinates = {{coord|44|40|01|N|90|10|25|W|region:US-WI|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code = 54449<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zipdatamaps.com/54449|title=Marshfield WI ZIP Code|publisher=zipdatamaps.com|year=2023|access-date=January 26, 2023}}</ref>
| area_code = [[Area codes 715 and 534|715/534]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 55-49675<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 1569085<ref name="GR3" />
| website = {{URL|ci.marshfield.wi.us}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Marshfield''' is a city in
Marshfield is home to the [[Marshfield Clinic]], a large healthcare system that serves much of Central, Northern, and Western Wisconsin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marshfieldclinic.org/about-us|title=About Us|publisher=Marshfieldclinic.org|access-date=2014-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.marshfieldnewsherald.com/story/news/2016/12/21/whats-marshfield-clinics-next-100-years/95429266/|title=What's in Marshfield Clinic's next 100 years?|work=News-Herald Media|access-date=2018-01-12
==History==
[[File:Central Wisconsin State Fair.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[World's Largest Round Barn]] was built in 1916 and is part of the grounds for the annual [[Central Wisconsin State Fair]]]]
In 1851 and 1853, when the area was still forested, [[Surveying|surveyors]] working for the U.S. government marked all the [[Section (United States land surveying)|section corners]] in the {{convert|6|by|6|mi}} square which now includes Marshfield, [[Hewitt, Wood County, Wisconsin|Hewitt]], and [[Cameron, Wood County, Wisconsin|Cameron]], working on foot with [[compass]] and [[Gunter's chain|chain]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Land Survey Information|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/SurveyNotes/SurveyInfo.html|publisher=Board of Commissioners of Public Lands|access-date=18 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Field Notes for T25N R3E|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/SurveyNotes/SurveyNotes-idx?type=PLSS&town=T025N&range=R003E|work=Original Field Notes and Plat Maps, 1833-1866|publisher=Board of Commissioners of Public Lands|access-date=18 March 2011}}</ref> When done, the deputy surveyor filed this general description:
<blockquote>''This [[Survey township|Township]] is nearly all Dry land, There being no Swamp of consequence in it. There being to much clay & rocks in it. Particularly that part which contains [[Fir]] & [[Tsuga canadensis|Hemlock]]. The surface is rough & uneven(?) and rather to flat for anything but meadow. There is some good [[Eastern White Pine|Pine]] it but to much scattering to make it an object. The Township is well watered with small streams but none of them are of sufficient size for [[Watermill|Milling]] purposes. The streams are lined with [[Alder]] & many of them producing good [[hay]]. There are no improvements in this Township.''<ref>{{cite web|last=Wright|first=O. J.|title=Interior Field Notes (Oct 1853)|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/SurveyNotes/SurveyNotes-idx?type=article&byte=2106976&twp=T025NR003E|publisher=Board of Commissioners of Public Lands|access-date=18 March 2011}}</ref></blockquote>
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The first industry was a [[barrel|stave]] and [[spoke]] factory located near the railroad.<ref name=Jones>{{cite book| last=Jones| first=George O.| title=History of Wood County Wisconsin| year=1923| publisher=H. C. Cooper Jr. & Co.| location=Minneapolis – Winona| pages=180| url=http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/wch&CISOPTR=39243&REC=2|author2=Norman S. McVean|display-authors=etal}}</ref> In 1878 [[William H. Upham]], a "[[Yankee]]" migrant of [[English American|English descent]] from [[Massachusetts]] and later governor of Wisconsin,<ref>[http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_wisconsin/col2-content/main-content-list/title_upham_william.html "Wisconsin Governor William H. Upham"]. NGA.org.</ref> built a [[sawmill]] near the railway, with a [[millpond]]. By 1885 he had added a [[general store]], a [[planing mill]], a furniture factory and a flour and feed mill. Other businesses started, too: an alcohol factory, hotels, saloons, stores, newspapers, [[blacksmith]], and a [[Hat|milliner]]. There were also churches and schools. The city was [[Municipal corporation|incorporated]] in 1883.<ref>{{cite book | url=http://www.mcmillanlibrary.org/files/docs/placenames.pdf | title=Wood County Place Names | publisher=The University of Wisconsin Press | author=Rudolph, Robert S. | year=1970 | pages=50}}</ref> By 1885 the population exceeded 2,000, ranging from the Uphams in their fine [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]] homes to laborers living in shacks along the railroad.<ref name="Kleiman"/>
In 1887, a fire started and got out of control. On June 27, after a dry three weeks, a fire broke out among the drying piles in the Upham mill's lumberyard, ignited by a spark from a train. The fire spread, consuming the sawmill and flour mill, and headed south into homes and the business district. Men tried to stop the inferno, even dynamiting stores to create a fire break, but the updraft lifted embers and dropped them onto more buildings. When it was over, 250 buildings were destroyed, but
The late 1800s saw a burst of railroad building. In 1872 the Wisconsin Central built the first line through town. In 1887 Upham Manufacturing started a line south from town to haul logs from [[Cameron, Wood County, Wisconsin|Cameron]] and [[Richfield, Wood County, Wisconsin|Richfield]]. In 1890 a line to Neillsville was built. In 1891 a line was built from Centralia (now Wisconsin Rapids), another was built to [[Greenwood, Wisconsin|Greenwood]], and a third from [[Wausau, Wisconsin|Wausau]] to Marshfield came from the north. In 1901 a second line was built from Wisconsin Rapids to Marshfield. In 1903 38 passenger trains stopped daily in Marshfield.<ref>Kleiman, pp. 106–110.</ref> So many tracks intersected in the community that Marshfield was nicknamed "Hub City".
[[Image:Roddis House Marshfield Wisconsin.jpg|thumb
The hub was also agricultural. Dairying began to organize as [[Cheesemaker|cheese factories]] started up, such as the one at [[Nasonville, Wisconsin|Nasonville]] in 1885. Roddis and then Blum Brothers made wooden cheese boxes in Marshfield. By 1921 the Blum plant was making 3,500 boxes a day.<ref name="Kleiman, p 25">Kleiman, p. 25.</ref> In 1907 the first cold storage plant was built in town, to store local cheese before shipping it by rail to larger markets.<ref>Kleiman, p. 12.</ref> Ice cream factories followed,<ref>Kleiman, p. 18.</ref> and processing of eggs, chickens, and liquid milk. In 1923 a spokesman for the [[Soo Line Railroad]] said that Marshfield shipped more dairy products than any other city in the United States.<ref name="Kleiman, p 25"/>
St. Joseph's
[[German American|German immigrants]] made up two
==Geography==
Marshfield is located at (44.6649, −90.1760), sitting on a low ridge called the [[Wood County, Wisconsin#Geography|Marshfield moraine]] by geologists.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Clayton |first=Lee |title=Pleistocene Geology of Wood County, Wisconsin |url=http://wisconsingeologicalsurvey.org/gis.htm |journal=Information Circular 68 |year=1991 |issn=0512-0640 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722195534/http://wisconsingeologicalsurvey.org/gis.htm |archive-date=2011-07-22 }}</ref>
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|13.
{{wide image|Marshfield, Wisconsin 2.jpg|475px||100%|center
|alt=Marshfield, Wisconsin}}
===Climate===
The [[Köppen climate classification]] subtype for the climate of Marshfield is "[[Humid continental climate|Dfb]]". (Warm Summer Continental Climate).<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=54037&cityname=Marshfield%2C+Wisconsin%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary]</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = Marshfield, Wisconsin, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1912–present
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high F = 55
|Feb record high F = 59
|Mar record high F = 80
|Apr record high F = 91
|May record high F = 105
|Jun record high F = 100
|Jul record high F = 104
|Aug record high F = 102
|Sep record high F = 98
|Oct record high F = 90
|Nov record high F = 80
|Dec record high F = 63
|Jan avg record high F = 41.6
|Feb avg record high F = 46.8
|Mar avg record high F = 61.6
|Apr avg record high F = 76.2
|May avg record high F = 84.0
|Jun avg record high F = 88.8
|Jul avg record high F = 90.1
|Aug avg record high F = 88.9
|Sep avg record high F = 85.4
|Oct avg record high F = 77.4
|Nov avg record high F = 60.8
|Dec avg record high F = 45.8
|year avg record high F = 92.2
|Jan high F = 22.7
|Feb high F = 27.0
|Mar high F = 39.5
|Apr high F = 53.4
|May high F = 66.2
|Jun high F = 75.7
|Jul high F = 80.0
|Aug high F = 77.8
|Sep high F = 70.1
|Oct high F = 56.7
|Nov high F = 40.8
|Dec high F = 27.7
|year high F =
|Jan mean F = 14.3
|Feb mean F = 17.8
|Mar mean F = 29.9
|Apr mean F = 43.0
|May mean F = 55.7
|Jun mean F = 65.5
|Jul mean F = 69.7
|Aug mean F = 67.5
|Sep mean F = 59.3
|Oct mean F = 46.7
|Nov mean F = 32.9
|Dec mean F = 20.3
|year mean F =
|Jan low F = 5.9
|Feb low F = 8.6
|Mar low F = 20.3
|Apr low F = 32.6
|May low F = 45.2
|Jun low F = 55.3
|Jul low F = 59.3
|Aug low F = 57.2
|Sep low F = 48.6
|Oct low F = 36.7
|Nov low F = 24.9
|Dec low F = 12.9
|year low F =
|Jan avg record low F = -16.0
|Feb avg record low F = -11.5
|Mar avg record low F = -1.5
|Apr avg record low F = 19.3
|May avg record low F = 31.0
|Jun avg record low F = 41.7
|Jul avg record low F = 49.0
|Aug avg record low F = 46.8
|Sep avg record low F = 34.1
|Oct avg record low F = 23.8
|Nov avg record low F = 8.8
|Dec avg record low F = -8.5
|year avg record low F = -18.9
|Jan record low F = -37
|Feb record low F = -33
|Mar record low F = -28
|Apr record low F = -1
|May record low F = 17
|Jun record low F = 26
|Jul record low F = 38
|Aug record low F = 28
|Sep record low F = 20
|Oct record low F = 1
|Nov record low F = -18
|Dec record low F = -29
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.08
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.96
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.71
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.08
|May precipitation inch = 4.13
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.79
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.83
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.01
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.91
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.03
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.93
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.42
|year precipitation inch =
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 9.6
|Feb precipitation days = 7.8
|Mar precipitation days = 8.9
|Apr precipitation days = 10.9
|May precipitation days = 13.5
|Jun precipitation days = 12.6
|Jul precipitation days = 11.6
|Aug precipitation days = 11.0
|Sep precipitation days = 11.9
|Oct precipitation days = 11.0
|Nov precipitation days = 8.9
|Dec precipitation days = 10.1
|Jan snow inch = 12.4
|Feb snow inch = 11.7
|Mar snow inch = 8.8
|Apr snow inch = 5.1
|May snow inch = 0.1
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.7
|Nov snow inch = 4.9
|Dec snow inch = 13.4
|year snow inch =
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 8.8
|Feb snow days = 7.1
|Mar snow days = 4.7
|Apr snow days = 2.9
|May snow days = 0.1
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.4
|Nov snow days = 3.5
|Dec snow days = 8.2
|Jan snow depth inch = 11.3
|Feb snow depth inch = 12.2
|Mar snow depth inch = 10.2
|Apr snow depth inch = 2.7
|May snow depth inch = 0.0
|Jun snow depth inch = 0.0
|Jul snow depth inch = 0.0
|Aug snow depth inch = 0.0
|Sep snow depth inch = 0.0
|Oct snow depth inch = 0.3
|Nov snow depth inch = 2.5
|Dec snow depth inch = 7.9
|year snow depth inch = 15.0
|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00475120&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Marshfield Exp Farm, WI
|access-date = October 6, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=grb
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Green Bay
|access-date = October 6, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}
==Demographics==
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|2000= 18800
|2010= 19118
|2020= 18929
|estyear=
|estimate=
|estref=
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
===2020 census===
As of the [[2020 United States census|census of 2020]],<ref name="2020-census-5549675">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census: Marshfield city, Wisconsin |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US5549675&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=18 July 2022}}</ref> the population was 18,929. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1,385.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 9,508 housing units at an average density of {{convert|696.1|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 90.5% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.6% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.1% [[Black (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.2% from [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|other races]], and 4.2% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 3.4% [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race.
===2010 census===
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The median income for a household in the city was $37,248, and the median income for a family was $50,498. Males had a median income of $31,848 versus $23,745 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $21,965. About 3.7% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.
==Arts and culture==
[[File:Columbia Park Bandshell.jpg|thumb|A summer concert of the Marshfield Civic Band at the [[Columbia Park Band Shell]], 2012]]
Marshfield has a local community arts facility, Chestnut Center for the Arts, and is the home of the New Visions Art Gallery, located in the [[Marshfield Clinic]]. The Vox Concert Series brings music performers from across the country to Marshfield.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} In addition, the local UW campus hosts artists in its art gallery.
Marshfield Public Library, located downtown, offers adult and children's programs.
==
* [[Upham Mansion]]
* [[World's Largest Round Barn]]
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* Wildwood Park and Zoo
* Jurustic Park<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weau.com/wanderingwisconsin/headlines/44558827.html |title=Jurustic Park |date=May 7, 2009 |first=Sarah |last=Stokes |publisher=weau.com |access-date=August 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619172255/http://www.weau.com/wanderingwisconsin/headlines/44558827.html |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Wenzel Family Plaza]]
*[[Vandehey Waters]]
==
[[File:Marshfield High School-3.jpg|thumb|[[Marshfield High School (Wisconsin)|Marshfield High School]]]]
The Marshfield School District consists of Madison, Grant, Lincoln, Nasonville, and Washington elementary schools, Marshfield Middle School, and [[Marshfield High School (Wisconsin)|Marshfield High School]]. Marshfield parochial schools include Trinity Lutheran School (K–8), Immanuel Lutheran School (Pre-K–8), and Columbus Catholic Schools. The latter is a Pre-K–12 system consisting of St. John the Baptist Primary School, Our Lady of Peace Intermediate School, Columbus Catholic Middle School, and [[Columbus Catholic High School (Marshfield, Wisconsin)|Columbus Catholic High School]].
The [[University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point at Marshfield]] and [[Mid-State Technical College]] – Marshfield Campus are located in Marshfield.
==Transportation==
=== Major highways ===
*[[Image:US 10.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Highway 10]] is a freeway on the south side of the city going East-West before going south on the west side of the city
*[[Image:WIS 13.svg|20px]] [[Highway 13 (Wisconsin)]] (“Veterans Pkwy”) Goes North-South through the city before going east following US 10
*[[Image:WIS 97.svg|20px]] [[Highway 97 (Wisconsin)]] (“N Central Ave”) Goes North-South through the Northeast end of the city before ending at the middle of the city with Wisconsin 13 (“Veterans Pkwy”)
*[[Image:WIS County H.svg|20px]](“ W 14th Street, S Central Ave, 29th St, E Galvin Ave, and E 4th St”) Goes East-West through the south end of the city
*[[Image:WIS County Y.svg|20px]](“Adler Ave, S Oak Street, St Joseph Ave, Doege Street, and E Becker Rd”), Goes East-West through the north end of the city
===Airport===
*KMFI – [[Marshfield Municipal Airport (Wisconsin)|Marshfield Municipal Airport]]
==Healthcare==
[[File:Marshfield Clinic Wisconsin2.JPG|thumb|[[Marshfield Clinic|Marshfield Medical Center]]]]
The [[Marshfield Clinic]] system provides health care for much of northern Wisconsin. It operates residency programs in dermatology, internal medicine, pediatrics, internal medicine-pediatrics, dentistry, and surgery, as well as a transitional year of residency. In addition, fellowships are offered in internal medicine and palliative medicine. The Marshfield Clinic also hosts medical and physician assistant students for the [[University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health]] and provides medical education, clinical experiences, and rotations. Marshfield Clinic sponsors the [[Security Health Plan of Wisconsin]].{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Marshfield Medical Center, the only hospital in Marshfield, serves as a tertiary care center for much of northern Wisconsin.
==Notable people==
{{colbegin|colwidth=32em}}
* [[Elliot Anderson (politician)|Elliot Anderson]], Nevada legislator
* [[Fred Beell]], wrestler
* [[Robert Brokl]], artist, printmaker and activist
Line 244 ⟶ 394:
* [[Bob Galvin]], businessman
* [[Paul Galvin (businessman)|Paul Galvin]], co-founder of Motorola
* [[Michael Gungor]], Musician, Spiritual thinker
* [[Donald W. Hasenohrl]], Wisconsin State Assembly
* [[Raymond F. Heinzen]], Wisconsin State Senator
Line 269 ⟶ 420:
* [[William H. Upham]], former governor of [[Wisconsin]]
* [[Gary Varsho]], retired professional baseball player for the [[Chicago Cubs]], [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], [[Cincinnati Reds]], and [[Philadelphia Phillies]]
* [[Daulton Varsho]], professional baseball player for the [[Toronto Blue Jays]]
* [[Lee Weigel]], professional football player for the [[Green Bay Packers]]
* [[Charles Werner]], Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist
Line 274 ⟶ 426:
* [[Elizabeth Zimmermann]], British-born knitter known for her books and instructional series on American public television<ref>{{cite news|last=Martin|first=Douglas|title=E. Zimmermann Is Dead at 89; Revolutionized Art of Knitting|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/12/us/e-zimmermann-is-dead-at-89-revolutionized-art-of-knitting.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|access-date=2011-10-17|newspaper=New York Times|date=1999-12-12}}</ref>
{{colend}}
== See also ==
| |||