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Line 591: In the 2010s, the Portuguese economy suffered its most severe recession since the 1970s, which resulted in the country receiving a 78-billion-euro bailout from the [[European Union]] and the [[International Monetary Fund]] in May 2011.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/15/business/global/portugals-debt-efforts-may-be-a-warning-for-greece.html\|title=Portugal's Debt Efforts May Be a Warning for Greece\|first=Landon Jr.\|last=Thomas\|date=14 February 2012\|access-date=2 August 2017\|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]\|archive-date=27 August 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827015107/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/15/business/global/portugals-debt-efforts-may-be-a-warning-for-greece.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> At the end of 2023, the share of debt as percentage of GDP fell below 100 percent, to 97.9%.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Procedimento dos Défices Excessivos 2ª Notificação\|url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_destaques&DESTAQUESdest_boui=645949245&DESTAQUESmodo=2 \|website=www.ine.pt \|publisher=INE \|access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref> As of 2023, the average salary in the private sector was €1,505 per month,<ref>{{cite web \|title=Salário médio por trabalhador atingiu 1.505 euros em 2023 \|url=https://www.portugal.gov.pt/pt/gc23/comunicacao/comunicado?i=salario-medio-por-trabalhador-atingiu-1505-euros-em-2023 \|website=www.portugal.gov.pt \|access-date=10 October 2024}}</ref> and the [[minimum wage]], which is regulated by law, is ~~€820~~€870 per month (paid 14 times per annum) as of ~~2024~~2025.<ref>{{cite ~~web\|title=Evolução do salário mínimo nacional~~news\|url=https://www.pordata.pt/~~portugal~~pt/estatisticas/salarios-e-pensoes/salarios/~~evolucao+do+~~salario+-minimo+-nacional~~-74~~\|~~access-date~~title=22Salário ~~April~~mínimo ~~2023~~nacional\|~~website~~publisher=~~pordata.pt~~Portdata\|~~language=pt\|archive~~access-date=171 ~~November~~January ~~2023~~2025\|~~archive-url~~language=~~https://web.archive.org/web/20231117042029/http://www.pordata.~~pt~~/portugal/evolucao+do+salario+minimo+nacional-74\|url-status=live~~}}</ref> The [[Global Competitiveness Report]] for 2019, published by the [[World Economic Forum]], placed Portugal 34th. The Numbeo quality of life index placed Portugal 20th in the world in 2023.<ref name=quality/> [[File:Vehículos en el puerto de Setúbal, Portugal, 2019-05-24, DD 01.jpg\|thumb\|[[Volkswagen Autoeuropa]] cars in the Port of Setúbal]] Companies listed on [[Euronext Lisbon]] [[stock exchange]] like [[Energias de Portugal\|EDP]], [[Galp Energia\|Galp]], [[Jerónimo Martins]], [[Mota-Engil]], [[Novabase]], [[Semapa]], [[Portucel Soporcel]], [[Portugal Telecom]] and [[Sonae]], are among the largest corporations by number of employees, [[net income]] or international [[market share]]. The Euronext Lisbon is the major stock exchange and part of the pan-European group of stock exchanges [[Euronext]]. The [[PSI-20]] is Portugal's most selective and widely known [[stock index]]. Line 872: === Visual art === {{main\|Portuguese art}} ~~{{Unsourced\|section\|date=December 2024}}~~ [[File:A Adoração dos Magos (1828) - Domingos Sequeira.png\|thumb\|right\|[[Domingos Sequeira]] was one of the most prolific [[neoclassicism\|neoclassical]] painters ([[Adoration of the Magi (Sequeira)\|''Adoration of the Magi''; 1828]]).]] Portugal has a [[List of Portuguese artists\|rich history in painting]]. The first well-known painters dating back to the 15th century – like [[Nuno Gonçalves]] and [[Grão Vasco\|Vasco Fernandes]] – were part of the late Gothic painting period.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/nuno-goncalves/\|title=O mítico Nuno Gonçalves\|date=2012\|website=RTP Ensina\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/nuno-goncalves/\|title=Grão Vasco, o lendário pintor de Viseu\|date=2012\|website=RTP Ensina\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> During the Renaissance, Portuguese painting was highly influenced by Northern European painting.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://estudoemcasaapoia.dge.mec.pt/recurso/producao-artistica-em-portugal-manuelino-e-tendencias-do-renascimento\|title=Produção Artística em Portugal: Manuelino e tendências do Renascimento\|website=[[Ministry of Education (Portugal)\|Ministry of Education]]\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> In the Baroque period [[Josefa de Óbidos]] and [[Vieira Lusitano]] were the most prolific painters.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/josefa-de-obidos-1630-ou1634-1684/\|title=Josefa de Óbidos, a pintora das naturezas mortas\|date=2012\|website=RTP Ensina\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> [[José Malhoa]], known for his work ''Fado'', and [[Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro]] (who painted the portraits of [[Teófilo Braga]] and [[Antero de Quental]]) were both references in [[Naturalist school of painting\|naturalist painting]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/jose-malhoa-1855-1933/\|title=José Malhoa, pintor de costumes e tradições\|date=2012\|website=RTP Ensina\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/columbano-bordalo-pinheiro-1857-1929/\|title=Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro, mestre do retrato\|date=2012\|website=RTP Ensina\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> The 20th century saw the arrival of [[Modernism]], and along with it came the most prominent Portuguese painters: [[Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso]], who was heavily influenced by French painters, particularly the Delaunays ([[Robert Delaunay\|Robert]] and [[Sonia Delaunay\|Sonia]]).<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.pt/historia/amadeo-souza-cardoso-biografia-o-genio_4346\|title=Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso: O génio que viveu furiosamente\|date=5 June 2024\|website=National Geographic Portugal\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> Among his best-known works is ''Canção Popular – a Russa e o Fígaro''. Other great modernist painters/writers include [[Carlos Botelho]] and [[Almada Negreiros]], friend to the poet [[Fernando Pessoa]], who painted Pessoa's portrait. He was deeply influenced by both [[Cubist]] and [[Futurism (art)\|Futurist]] trends.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/jose-de-almada-negreiros/\|title=José de Almada Negreiros: artista multimédia\|date=1999\|website=RTP Ensina\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/botelho-um-olhar-na-cidade/\|title=Botelho: um Olhar na Cidade\|date=5 May 1982\|website=RTP\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> Prominent international figures in visual arts today include painters [[Vieira da Silva]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://gulbenkian.pt/cam/artist/maria-helena-vieira-da-silva/\|title=Maria Helena Vieira da Silva\|website=[[Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation]]\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> [[Júlio Pomar]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://gulbenkian.pt/cam/artist/julio-pomar/\|title=Júlio Pomar\|website=[[Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation]]\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> [[Joana Vasconcelos]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.rtp.pt/programa/tv/p44926/e5\|title=Joana Vasconcelos\|date=2024\|website=RTP\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> [[Julião Sarmento]]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://gulbenkian.pt/cam/artist/juliao-sarmento/\|title=Julião Sarmento \|website=[[Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation]]\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> and [[Paula Rego]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/uma-biografia-de-paula-rego/\|title=Uma biografia de Paula Rego\|date=2022\|website=RTP Ensina\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> ~~Prominent international figures in visual arts today include painters [[Vieira da Silva]], [[Júlio Pomar]], [[Joana Vasconcelos]], [[Julião Sarmento]] and [[Paula Rego]].~~ === Literature === Line 893 ⟶ 892: {{Main\|Music of Portugal}} {{Moresources\|section\|date=December 2024}}[[File:AmaliaRodrigues1969 (cropped).jpg\|thumb\|[[Amália Rodrigues]] performing in 1969]] The Music of Portugal encompasses a wide variety of genres. The traditional one is the Portuguese folk music which has deep roots in local customs, utilising instruments such as [[bagpipes]] (''[[Gaita (bagpipe)\|gaita]]''),<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/o-gaiteiro-mirandes/\|title=O gaiteiro mirandês\|date=2000\|website=RTP Ensina\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> drums, flutes, tambourines, accordions and ukuleles (''[[cavaquinho]]'').<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/o-cavaquinho-para-o-mundo/\|title=O “Cavaquinho” para o mundo\|date=2013\|website=RTP Ensina\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> Within Portuguese folk music is the renowned genre of [[Fado]], a melancholic urban music originated in [[Lisbon]] in the 19th century, probably inside bohemian environments, usually associated with the [[Portuguese guitar]] and ''saudade'', or longing.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.museudofado.pt/en/fado-history-en\|title=Fado History\|website=Museu do Fado\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> [[Coimbra fado]], a unique type of "[[troubadour]] serenading" fado, is also noteworthy. Internationally notable performers include [[Amália Rodrigues]], [[Carlos Paredes]], [[José Afonso]], [[Mariza]], [[Carlos do Carmo]], [[António Chainho]], [[Mísia]], [[Dulce Pontes]] and [[Madredeus]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/colecoes/amalia-rodrigues/\|title=Amália Rodrigues\|date=2013\|website=Museu do Fado\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.rtp.pt/programa/tv/p32352\|title=Carlos do Carmo: Um Homem no Mundo\|date=2013\|website=RTP\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> In addition to [[Folk music\|Folk]], Fado and Classical music, other genres are present at Portugal like pop and other types of modern music, particularly from North America and the United Kingdom, as well as a wide range of Portuguese, Caribbean, Lusophone African and Brazilian artists and bands. Artists with international recognition include [[Dulce Pontes]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1487930/bio/\|title=Dulce Pontes\|website=imdb.com\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> [[Moonspell]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.publico.pt/2024/10/25/culturaipsilon/entrevista/principio-morbid-god-sonho-vieram-moonspell-sucesso-2108716\|title=No princípio havia os Morbid God e um sonho, depois vieram os Moonspell e o sucesso\|date=25 October 2024\|website=Público\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> [[Buraka Som Sistema]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://media.rtp.pt/festivaldacancao/autores/blasted/\|title=Blasted Mechanism\|website=RTP\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> [[Blasted Mechanism]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.publico.pt/2016/03/11/culturaipsilon/noticia/terminar-porque-1725625\|title=Buraka Som Sistema: dez anos da história mais surpreendente da música portuguesa \|website=Público\|date=11 March 2016\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> [[David Carreira]] and [[The Gift (band)\|The Gift]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.infopedia.pt/artigos/$the-gift\|title=The Gift\|date=2013\|website=infopédia\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> with the three latter being nominees for a [[MTV Europe Music Award]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/cultura/premios-europeus-da-mtv_n155279\|title=Prémios Europeus da MTV\|website=RTP\|date=3 November 2005\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/cultura/david-carreira-venceu-premio-da-mtv_v960106\|title=David Carreira venceu prémio da MTV\|website=RTP\|date=7 November 2016\|access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref> Portugal has several summer music festivals, such as ''[[Festival Sudoeste]]'' in [[Zambujeira do Mar]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.sabado.pt/gps/musica/detalhe/o-que-slow-j-gostaria-de-ver-no-meo-sudoeste\|title=O que Slow J gostaria de ver no MEO Sudoeste\|date=1 July 2023\|website=Sábado\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> ''[[Festival de Paredes de Coura]]'' in [[Paredes de Coura]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://sicnoticias.pt/especiais/vodafone-paredes-de-coura/2023-08-15-30-anos-do-Paredes-de-Coura-quatro-amigos-sonharam-pegaram-em-160-contos-e-fizeram-um-festival-0ea8f863\|title=30 anos do Paredes de Coura: quatro amigos sonharam, pegaram em 160 contos e fizeram um festival\|date=15 August 2023\|website=SIC Notícias\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> ''[[Festival Vilar de Mouros]]'' near [[Caminha]], ''[[Boom Festival]]'' in [[Idanha-a-Nova\|Idanha-a-Nova ~~Municipality~~municipality]], ''[[NOS Alive]]'', ''Sumol Summer Fest'' in [[Ericeira]], ''[[Rock in Rio#Lisboa, Portugal, and Madrid, Spain\|Rock in Rio Lisboa]]''<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.publico.pt/2024/06/23/culturaipsilon/noticia/rock-in-rio-lisboa-regressa-parque-tejo-2026-2095016\|title=Rock in Rio Lisboa regressa ao Parque Tejo em 2026\|date=23 June 2024\|website=Público\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> and ''[[Super Bock Super Rock]]'' in [[Grande Lisboa\|Greater Lisbon]]., ~~Out~~plus of[[:pt:Primavera ~~the~~Sound ~~summer~~(Portugal)\|''Primavera ~~season,~~Sound ~~Portugal~~Porto'']] ~~has~~and a[[:pt:MEO ~~large~~Marés ~~number~~Vivas\|''MEO ofMarés ~~festivals,~~Vivas'']] ~~designed~~in ~~more~~the to[[Grande anPorto\|Greater ~~urban~~Porto ~~audience,~~area]].<ref>{{Cite ~~like~~web\|url=https://expresso.pt/blitz/2025-01-06-todos-os-concertos-marcados-para-2025-em-portugal-53436cea\|title=Todos ~~Flowfest~~os orconcertos ~~Hip~~marcados ~~Hop~~para ~~Porto.~~2025 em Portugal\|date=6 January 2025\|website=Expresso Blitz\|access-date=6 January 2025}}</ref> [[File:Carlos Damas Portuguese virtuoso Violinist.jpg\|thumb\|Carlos Damas in concert]] The student festivals of ''[[Queima das Fitas]],'' which are major events in a number of cities across Portugal, show every year a selection of well-established, high-profile musicians and bands to the public as well as newer, on the rise, upcoming success artists seeking definite recognition.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Queima das Fitas: A Festa dos Universitários em Portugal \|url=https://atlanticbridge.com.br/artigos/queima-das-fitas \|access-date=25 May 2023 \|website=Atlantic Bridge \|language=en \|archive-date=25 May 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525234154/https://atlanticbridge.com.br/artigos/queima-das-fitas \|url-status=live }}</ref> In 2005, Portugal held the [[MTV Europe Music Awards]], in [[Pavilhão Atlântico]], [[Lisbon]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0495859/\|title=MTV Europe Music Awards Lisboa 2005\|website=imdb.com\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> Furthermore, Portugal won the [[Eurovision Song Contest 2017]] in [[Kyiv]] with the song "[[Amar pelos dois]]" presented by [[Salvador Sobral]], and subsequently hosted the [[Eurovision Song Contest 2018\|2018 contest]].<ref>{{cite web \|date=14 May 2017 \|title=Portugal Wins the 2017 Eurovision Song Contest! \|url=https://eurovision.tv/story/portugal-salvador-sobral-winner-eurovision-2017 \|access-date=2 August 2017 \|publisher=Eurovision Song Contest \|archive-date=14 October 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014103948/https://eurovision.tv/story/portugal-salvador-sobral-winner-eurovision-2017 \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|date=25 July 2017 \|title=Lisbon revealed as Host City of the 2018 Eurovision Song Contest! \|url=https://eurovision.tv/story/eurovision-2018-dates-and-host-city-confirmed \|access-date=20 April 2021 \|publisher=Eurovision Song Contest \|archive-date=4 August 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804042227/https://eurovision.tv/story/eurovision-2018-dates-and-host-city-confirmed \|url-status=live }}</ref> Portuguese classical music constitutes an important chapter of Western music.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.infopedia.pt/artigos/$musica-classica-portuguesa-(sec.-xviii)\|title=Música Clássica Portuguesa (séc. XVIII)\|website=Infopédia\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> Over the centuries, names of composers and performers have stood out, such as the troubadours [[Martim Codax]]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.infopedia.pt/artigos/$martin-codax\|title=Martin Codax\|website=Infopédia\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> and [[~~Dinis~~Denis ~~I de~~of Portugal\|D.King ~~Dinis~~Denis I]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/dom-dinis/\|title=Dom Dinis \|website=RTP\|date=24 October 2008\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> the polyphonists [[Duarte Lobo]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.kennedy-center.org/artists/l/lo-lz/duarte-lobo/\|title=Duarte Lobo \|website=[[John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts\|The Kennedy Center]]\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> [[Filipe de Magalhães]], [[Manuel Cardoso (~~compositor~~composer)\|Manuel Cardoso]]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://mpmp.pt/manuel-cardoso\|title=Manuel Cardoso\|website=MPMP Património Musical Vivo\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> and [[Pedro de Cristo]], the organist [[Manuel Rodrigues Coelho]], the composer and harpsichordist [[Carlos Seixas]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/carlos-de-seixas/\|title=Carlos de Seixas\|date=14 August 1991\|website=RTP\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> the singer [[Luísa Todi]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/luisa-todi/\|title=Luísa Todi\|date=3 September 1991\|website=RTP\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> symphonist and pianist [[João Domingos Bomtempo]]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/domingos-bomtempo/\|title=Domingos Bomtempo\|date=30 November 1986\|website=RTP\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> or composer and musicologist [[Fernando Lopes Graça]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://ensina.rtp.pt/artigo/no-som-de-fernando-lopes-graca/\|title=No som de Fernando Lopes-Graça\|date=2006\|website=RTP Ensina\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> The golden period of Portuguese music coincided, arguably, with the heyday of classical polyphony in the 17th century (Escola de [[Évora]], [[Santa Cruz de Coimbra]]). Among the great current references, the names of pianists [[Artur Pizarro]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://gulbenkian.pt/musica/biography/artur-pizarro/\|title=Artur Pizarro\|website=[[Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation]]\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> [[Maria João Pires]]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.publico.pt/2024/09/10/culturaipsilon/noticia/pianista-maria-joao-pires-distinguida-praemium-imperiale-japao-2103581\|title=Pianista Maria João Pires distinguida com Praemium Imperiale do Japão\|date=10 September 2024\|website=Público\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> and [[Sequeira Costa]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://gulbenkian.pt/musica/noticias/sequeira-costa/\|title=Sequeira Costa (1929-2019) \|website=[[Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation]]\|date=22 February 2019\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> violinist [[Carlos Damas]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://cesem.fcsh.unl.pt/pessoa/carlos-alexandre-mourao-de-carvalho-e-damas/\|title=Carlos Alexandre Mourão de Carvalho e Damas\|website=CESEM\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> composer [[Emmanuel Nunes]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/emanuel-nunes-no-principio-era-o-som/\|title=Emanuel Nunes – No Princípio Era o Som…\|date=5 January 1994\|website=RTP\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> composer and conductor [[Álvaro ~~Cassutto~~Cassuto]]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/alvaro-cassuto/\|title=Álvaro Cassuto\|date=28 February 2006\|website=RTP\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> stand out. The most important symphony orchestras are the [[Fundação Gulbenkian]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://gulbenkian.pt/musica/coro-e-orquestra/orquestra-gulbenkian/\|title=Orquestra Gulbenkian\|website=[[Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation]]\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> the Porto National Orchestra and the Portuguese Symphony Orchestra.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.orquestrasinfonicaportuguesa.pt/en/\|title=Orquestra Sinfónica Portuguesa\|website=[[Teatro Nacional de São Carlos]]\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> When it comes to opera, the Teatro Nacional de São Carlos in Lisbon is the most representative.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.saocarlos.pt/sobre/\|title=TNSC Sobre\|website=[[Teatro Nacional de São Carlos]]\|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref> === Sport ===