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{{Short description|2002 mass shooting in Nanterre, France}}
{{More footnotes|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Nanterre massacre
| image =
| coordinates = {{coord|48.8923|N|2.2057|E|region:FR|display=it}}
| caption = City hall of Nanterre
|location= [[Nanterre]], [[France]]▼
|
| date = {{start date and age|2002|3|27}}
| time = 1:15 a.m.
| timezone = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST
|fatalities=9 (including the perpetrator) ▼
| type = [[Mass shooting]]
|injuries=19▼
|perp = Richard Durn▼
▲| injuries = 19
|weapons = * [[9mm]] [[Glock 17]] [[semi-automatic pistol]]▼
▲| perp = Richard Durn
▲| weapons = * [[9mm]] [[Glock 17]] [[semi-automatic pistol]]
* [[9mm]] [[Glock 19]] [[semi-automatic pistol]]
* [[Smith & Wesson]] [[revolver]] ([[.357 Magnum]])
}}
The '''Nanterre massacre''' was a [[mass
==Shooting==
At approximately 1:
He fired 38 rounds, aiming at the heart or head of the victims.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Décugis |first=Jean-Michel |last2=Dunglas |first2=Dominiqu |last3=Labbé |first3=Christophe |last4=Recasens |first4=Olivia |date=2002-04-05 |title=Richard Durn : Itinéraire d'un tueur d'élus |trans-title=Richard Durn: Itinerary of a killer of elected officials |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/societe/richard-durn-itineraire-d-un-tueur-d-elus-05-04-2002-119990_23.php |access-date=2025-01-06 |work=[[Le Point]] |place=Paris |language=fr-FR |issn=0242-6005}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> The shooting lasted 55 seconds.<ref name=":2" /> The gun used was a [[Smith & Wesson]] [[revolver]] ([[.357 Magnum]]).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ceaux |first=Pascal |last2=Smolar |first2=Piotr |date=2002-04-10 |title=Le journal de Richard Durn ou le récit d'une vie "de lâche et de crétin" |trans-title=Richard Durn's diary or the story of a “cowardly and stupid” life |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2002/04/10/le-journal-de-richard-durn-ou-le-recit-d-une-vie-de-lache-et-de-cretin_4238101_1819218.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=2019-12-30 |work=[[Le Monde]] |location=Paris |language=fr-FR |issn=0395-2037}}</ref>
==Perpetrator==
The perpetrator in the shootings was Richard Durn, 33, who lived in Nanterre. He was on welfare and lived with his mother. His mother, from [[Slovenia]], had fled in 1958 with her husband to escape the Soviet political regime. Durn was an unintended pregnancy, born out of wedlock to an unknown father, and shortly after his birth his mother divorced her husband. Durn never knew his father, instead creating a fantasy where he was born to an executed Slovenian political dissident. He was raised mostly by his half-sister, as his mother worked. He became depressed as a teenager, skipping classes and refusing to speak, but managed to get his {{Lang|fr|Diplôme national de licence}}. Since the age of 15, he had seen a psychiatrist, but was inconsistent in his treatment. At age 20, he attempted suicide, overdosing on his psychiatric medications. He survived, but attempted suicide again two years later. On 10 July 1998, he was received by a psychiatrist at the university psychological support office, who Durn proceeded to threaten with a gun. This was reported, but no action was taken. Durn was a member of a shooting club since 1997. He was a loner, with little to no romantic or sexual relations; he had experienced one romantic relationship in his life, and considered its end to be his "greatest failure".<ref name=":1" />
He was politically active, attending almost all of the municipal council meetings, and according to those that knew him would only talk about politics. Durn was left-wing. He was especially interested in human rights; he joined the [[Human Rights League (France)|Human Rights League]] of France in 2001, its treasurer, and did human rights missions in [[Bosnia]] and [[Kosovo]]. He had been expressing hate towards politicians for several months; he expressed to his mother and best friend that he could kill all the politicians in Nanterre, accusing them of being corrupt. He was angered at the Greens for not being socially involved enough. In July 2001, he went to an anti-globalization summit in [[Genoa]]; this summit was especially violent and one demonstrator was killed, and afterwards Durn expressed that "the only solution was violence". Another human rights mission to Kosovo in November 2001 went poorly, with Durn crashing the vehicle and destroying it; this resulted in a mental breakdown, and Durn proceeded to cut contact with everyone he knew.<ref name=":1" />
He wrote a book titled {{Lang|fr|Je vous hais}} ({{Translation|I hate you [all]}}), which opens with the words "I am your waste. I will destroy you." This book contains a character, "Jean", the hero of the book, who lives in Paris with his parents, and hates being alive viewing himself as a "waste". Jean is meant to represent Durn. He gave this book to his best friend, telling him to read it. In January, he asked this friend to get him [[cocaine]] and an [[Uzi]] submachine gun, which his friend refused to do. The Sunday before the shooting, he called this friend seven times in a hostile manner, telling him that something would happen and it would be his fault, which his friend thought would be his suicide.<ref name=":1" /> The day before the shooting, he took a pack of [[Prozac]], and went to the gun club to train. He wrote three letters, one to his mother and two to two people he had met during his humanitarian visits to Bosnia.<ref name=":1" /> In the letter to his mother, he stated that: "I should have died a long time ago. I don't know how to do anything in life, not even how to die without doing any harm. Cowardice is over now. I have to die at least feeling free and getting my kicks. That's why I have to kill people. Once in my life, I'll have an orgasm."<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Tourancheau |first=Patricia |date=2008-01-18 |title=Tueur d'élites |trans-title=Killer of elites |url=https://www.liberation.fr/grand-angle/2008/01/18/tueur-d-elites_62901 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2020-03-29 |work=[[Libération]] |location=Paris |language=fr-FR |issn=0335-1793}}</ref> In the letters he stated he wished to kill people and himself to "give himself the illusion of having been important"; he did not mention elected officials or any of the victims.<ref name=":1" />
==Aftermath==
{{Quote box
| title = Victims
| quote = {{plainlist|1=
* Olivier Mazzotti, 38
* Valéri Meot, 40
* Michel Raouly, 58
* Jacotte Duplenne, 48
* Christian Bouthier, 46
* Louiza Benakli, 40
* Pascal Sternbergm 30
* Monique Leroy-Sauter, 43
}}▼
| source = <ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-03-28 |title=Pourquoi? |trans-title=Why? |work=[[Le Parisien]] |page=1 |issn=0767-3558}}</ref>
}}▼
An official tribute was paid to the victims on 2 April, in the presence of [[President of France|President]] [[Jacques Chirac]], [[Prime Minister of France|Prime Minister]] [[Lionel Jospin]] and [[Interior Minister of France|Interior Minister]] [[Daniel Vaillant]].
Durn was interrogated at the police station at [[Direction régionale de la police judiciaire de la préfecture de police de Paris|36 Quai des Orfèvres]], [[Paris]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date= |title=Le forcené se suicide |trans-title=The madman commits suicide |url=http://www.france-mail-forum.de/fmf26/pol/26dramen.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071207201022/http://www.france-mail-forum.de/fmf26/pol/26dramen.htm |archive-date=2007-12-07 |access-date=2008-03-11 |work=[[Le Nouvel Observateur]] |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |location=Paris |language=fr |issn=0029-4713}}</ref> He said that he had fired without targeting person or political party, except for the mayor [[Jacqueline Fraysse]], who he had targeted on purpose, "for her quality as mayor and as the embodiment of an irremovable apparatchik, creating a system of clientelism and typical representative of the hypocritical red bourgeoisie." He also said that he wanted to die "because I am a thing, a piece of trash".<ref name=":2" /> He admitted he had planned the act for several weeks.<ref name=":1" /> On 28 March, the next day, he committed suicide by jumping through a window, falling four floors to his death.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />
The [[massacre]] was discussed by French philosopher [[Bernard Stiegler]] in his book, ''[[Acting Out (book)|Acting Out]]''. Stiegler argues that Durn's feeling of non-existence was symptomatic of a society which tends to destroy the love of oneself and others, and that Durn's actions represent a "hyper-diachronic" acting out which is made possible by this feeling of non-existence.▼
The event which takes place in the middle of the campaign of the [[2002 French presidential election |
Also, many right-wing polemical voices rose to demand the dissolution of the political party to which Richard Durn belonged, which will have no effect. Three days before the first round of the presidential election, Prime Minister Lionel Jospin proposed 9 measures to tighten up the arms legislation. Following the example of Tony Blair in 1998, one of the measures planned was to confiscate without compensation all handguns with central percussion legally held by sport shooters. Reactions were numerous, notably via the Internet, and contributed to the failure of candidate Jospin in the first round. The sports shooters noted the State's shortcomings and its inability to operate its administrative monitoring system for weapons subject to authorization or declaration. The Prime Minister nevertheless tried to pass his text urgently between the two rounds. This will be rejected by the Constitutional Council on a technical point, a "consultation" meeting had not had time to be organized. With also the attempted attack by Maxime Brunerie against President Jacques Chirac on 14 July 2002, the State nevertheless tightened its legislation on the practice of [[sport shooting]] with the law for internal security (LSI) of 18 March 2003. A medical certificate is now required to apply for possession of a firearm. The psychiatric history is checked with the Departmental Directorate of Health and Social Affairs (DDASS). The prefectural services have been instructed to react when the expiry date of the authorizations has passed. The .22 LR caliber rifles classified in 7th category cease to be sold over the counter. Their acquisition is limited to holders of a hunting license or a shooting license.
== Legacy ==
▲The
== See also==
*[[List of massacres in France]]
*[[List of mass shootings in France]]
*[[Zug massacre]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{
| date =2002-04-06▼
▲}}
| title =La tuerie de Nanterre - La très résistible dérive d'un paumé
| work =[[L'Humanité]]
| url = http://www.humanite.presse.fr/journal/2002-04-06/2002-04-06-31814
| access-date =
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120910101916/http://www.humanite.fr:80/journal/2002-04-06/2002-04-06-31814
| archive-date =
| url-status =dead
|language=fr-FR|trans-title=The Nanterre massacre - The resilient journey of a lost man|location=Paris|issn=0242-6870}}
▲}}
* {{Cite book |last=Duclos |first=Denis |title=Délire et construction |date=2002 |publisher=érès |isbn=2-7492-0098-9 |location=Ramonville Saint-Agne |pages=137–158 |chapter=Du collectif comme délire suicidaire}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hurka |first=Steffen |title=Rampage Shootings and Gun Control: Politicization and Policy Change in Western Europe |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-138-63043-7 |series=Routledge Research in Comparative Politics |location=London; New York |language=en |chapter=When laws bite the bullet (and when they do not)}}
▲| date =
* {{Cite book |title=Little Madnesses: Winnicott, Transitional Phenomena and Cultural Experience |publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-78076-161-9 |editor-last=Kuhn |editor-first=Annette |location=London |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Selby |first=Jennifer A. |title=Questioning French Secularism: Gender Politics and Islam in a Parisian Suburb |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-137-01132-9 |series=Contemporary Anthropology of Religion |location=New York |language=en}}
*{{Cite book |last=O'Gorman |first=Marcel |title=Necromedia |publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-8166-9570-6 |series=Posthumanities |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Vidaillet |first=Bénédicte |title=Workplace Envy |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-230-20549-9 |location=Basingstoke |language=en}}
[[Category:2002 mass shootings in Europe]]
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[[Category:Crime in Île-de-France]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in France]]
[[Category:March 2002 crimes in Europe]]
[[Category:March 2002 events in France]]
[[Category:Mass shootings in France]]
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[[Category:Suicides by jumping in France]]
[[Category:Attacks in France in the 2000s]]
[[Category:Mass shootings involving Glock pistols]]
[[Category:Attacks on government buildings and structures in France]]
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2002]]
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