Tunis: Difference between revisions

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| population_total = 599368

| population_as_of = 2023-01-01

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| population_density_km2 = {{#expr:602560/104 round 0}}

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Situated on the [[Gulf of Tunis]], behind the [[Lake of Tunis]] and the port of [[La Goulette]] (Ḥalq il-Wād), the city extends along the coastal plain and the hills that surround it. At its core lies the [[Medina of Tunis|Medina]], a [[World Heritage Site]]. East of the Medina, through the Sea Gate (also known as the ''[[Bab el Bhar]]'' and the ''Porte de France''), begins the modern part of the city called "Ville Nouvelle", traversed by the grand [[Avenue Habib Bourguiba]] (often referred to by media and travel guides as "the Tunisian [[Champs-Élysées]]"), where the colonial-era buildings provide a clear contrast to smaller, older structures. Further east by the sea lie the suburbs of [[Carthage (municipality)|Carthage]], [[La Marsa]], and [[Sidi Bou Said]].

}}</ref> the main sources are [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] historians, including [[Livy]], [[Polybius]], [[Appian]], [[Cornelius Nepos]], [[Silius Italicus]], [[Plutarch]], [[Dio Cassius]], and [[Herodotus]]. These writers belonged to peoples in competition, and often in conflict, with Carthage.<ref name="Warmington_11">{{cite web|url=https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&docId=9384201|title=Carthage – 1960, Page 11 by B. H. Warmington|access-date=2017-09-17|archive-date=2011-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021114736/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&docId=9384201}}</ref> Greek cities contended with Carthage over [[Sicily]],<ref>Herodotus, V2. 165–7</ref> and the [[Roman Republic|Romans]] fought three wars [[Punic Wars|against Carthage]].<ref>Polybius, World History: 1.7–1.60</ref> Not surprisingly, their accounts of Carthage are extremely hostile; while there are a few Greek authors who took a favourable view, these works have been lost.<ref name="Warmington_11"/> The area was originally a Berber settlement.<ref name="Fromherz2016">{{cite book|author-link1=Allen James Fromherz| first= Allen James |last= Fromherz|title=Near West: Medieval North Africa, Latin Europe and the Mediterranean in the Second Axial Age |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=k5w7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|date=16 March 2016|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-1-4744-1007-6 |page= 87}}</ref> The existence of settlements in and around the area of Tunis is attested by sources dating from the 4th century BC.<ref name="Sebag60">{{harvp|Sebag|1998|p=60}}</ref> Situated on a hill, its location served as an excellent point from which the comings and goings of naval and caravan traffic to and from Carthage could be observed. It was one of the first towns in the region to fall under Carthaginian control, and in the centuries that followed the settlement was mentioned in the military histories associated with [[Ancient Carthage|Carthage]]. Thus, during Agathocles' expedition, which landed at [[Cape Bon]] in 310 BC, the town changed hands on various occasions.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}

 

 

===Foundation and early Islamic period===

The [[Ottoman Empire]] took nominal control of Tunis in 1534 when [[Hayreddin Barbarossa]] [[Conquest of Tunis (1534)|captured it]] from the Hafsid Sultan [[Abu Abdallah Muhammad V al-Hasan|Mulai Hassan]], who fled to the court of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] and King of Spain. Charles, suffering losses from the [[Privateer|corsairs]] operating out of [[Djerba]], Tunis, and [[Algiers]], agreed to reinstate Mulai Hassan in exchange for his acceptance of Spanish suzerainty. A naval expedition led by Charles himself was dispatched in 1535, and the city was recaptured. [[Conquest of Tunis (1535)|The victory]] against the corsairs is recorded in a tapestry at the [[Royal Palace of Madrid]]. The Spanish governor of [[La Goulette]], Luys Peres Varga, fortified the island of [[Chikly]] in the lake of Tunis to strengthen the city's defenses between 1546 and 1550.

[[File:Charles quint a tunis.png|left|thumb|Entry of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] into Tunis in 1535]]

[[File:Khazdadar.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Mustapha Khaznadar]], [[Prime Minister of Tunisia|Prime Minister]] of Tunis from 1837 to 1873.<ref>{{cite book |author= Morsy, Magali |title=North Africa, 1800–1900: a survey from the Nile Valley to the Atlantic |publisher=Longman |year=1984 |page=185 |isbn=0-582-78377-1 |quote=Mustafa Khaznadar became Prime Minister in 1837, a position he maintained under three successive beys, more or less continuously until 1873. }}</ref> and one of the most influential persons in modern Tunisian history.<ref>{{cite book |author= Ziadeh, Nicola A. |title=Origins of nationalism in Tunisia |publisher=Librarie du Liban |year=1969 |page=11 |oclc=3062278 |quote= Mustafa Khaznadar was of Greek origin (born 1817), and proved to be one of the most influential persons Tunisia saw in her modern history. He took the interest of his master and the country to heart and did all he could to prevail on Ahmad Bey to see that Tunisia acquired as much as she could }}</ref>]]

In April 1655 the English admiral [[Robert Blake (admiral)|Robert Blake]] was sent to the Mediterranean to extract compensation from states that had been attacking English shipping. Only the Bey of Tunis refused to comply, with the result that Blake's fifteen ships attacked the Bey's arsenal at Porto Farina (Ghar el Melh), destroying nine Algerian ships and two shore batteries, the first time in naval warfare that shore batteries had been eliminated without landing men ashore.

After independence in 1956, Tunis consolidated its role as the capital, first with the establishment of a constitution stating that the [[Chamber of Deputies (Tunisia)|Chamber of Deputies]] and the [[President of Tunisia|Presidency of the Republic]] must have their headquarters in Tunis and its suburbs. In a very short time, the colonial city transformed rapidly. As the city has grown and native Tunisians gradually began to replace the extensive European population, the conflict between the Arab city and the European city has gradually decreased with the arabization of the population.

 

 

The [[Arab League]] represents 22 Arab nations. It transferred its headquarters to Tunis in 1979 because of Egypt's peace with Israel. The Arab League returned to Egypt in 1990.

 

=== Climate ===

 

Winter is the wettest season of the year, when more than a third of the annual rainfall falls during this period, raining on average every two or three days. The sun may still increase the temperature from {{convert|7|C|F|abbr=on}} in the morning to {{convert|16|C|F|abbr=on}} in the afternoon on average during the winter. Frosts are rare. The lowest temperature of {{convert|-2.0|C|F|abbr=on}} was recorded on 18 January 1979. In spring, rainfall declines by half. The sunshine becomes dominant in May when it reaches 10 hours a day on average. In March temperatures may vary between {{convert|8|and|18|C|F|abbr=on}}, and between {{convert|13|and|24|C|F|abbr=on}} in May. However, it is common for temperatures to soar even as early as April with record temperatures reaching {{convert|40|C|F|abbr=on}}. In summer, rain is almost completely absent and the sunlight is at a maximum.

|Dec record high C = 29.6

|year record high C = 49.0

|Jan record low C = -5.3

|Feb record low C = -2.6

|year record low C = -5.3

|precipitation colour = green

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

|Oct precipitation days = 5.8

|Jan humidity = 76

|Feb humidity = 74

|Dec humidity = 77

|year humidity = 70

|Jand sun = 4.7

|Febd sun = 5.7

|Decd sun = 4.8

|yeard sun = 7.7

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191219211209/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f/download/normales_1981_2010.txt

| archive-date = 19 December 2019

| publisher = Ministère du Transport

| language = fr

{{cite web

| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-I/TS/60715.TXT

 

[[File:StatueIbnKhaldounTunis.JPG|left|thumb|Statue of [[Ibn Khaldoun]] in Independence Square]]

 

The [[Medina of Tunis|Medina]], built on a gentle hill slope on the way down to the [[Lake of Tunis]], is the historical heart of the city and home to many monuments, including palaces, such as the [[Dar Ben Abdallah]] and [[Dar Hussein]], the mausoleum of [[Tourbet el Bey]] and many mosques such as the [[Al-Zaytuna Mosque]]. Some of the fortifications around it have now largely disappeared, and it is flanked by the two suburbs of Bab Souika to the north and Bab El Jazira to the south. Located near the Bab Souika, the neighborhood of Halfaouine gained international attention through the film '[[Halfaouine Child of the Terraces]]'.

 

But east of the original nucleus, first with the construction of the French Consulate, the modern city was built gradually with the introduction of the French protectorate at the end of the 19th century, on open land between the city and the lake. The axis to the structure of this part of the city is the [[Avenue Habib Bourguiba]], designed by the French to be a Tunisian form of [[Champs-Élysées]] in Paris with its cafes, major hotels, shops, and cultural venues. On both sides of the tree lined avenue, north and south, the city was extended in various districts, with the northern end welcoming residential and business districts while the south receives industrial districts and poorer peoples.

 

South-east of the Avenue Bourguiba the district of La Petite Sicile (Little [[Sicily]]) is adjacent to the old port area and takes its name from its original population of workers from [[Italy]]. It is now the subject of a redevelopment project including the construction of twin towers. North of the Avenue Bourguiba is the district of La Fayette, which is still home to the Great Synagogue of Tunis and the Habib Thameur Gardens, built on the site of an ancient Jewish cemetery that lay outside the walls. Also to the north is the long Avenue Mohamed V, which leads to the Boulevard of 7 November through the neighborhood of the big banks where there are hotels and Abu Nawas Lake and finally to the Belvedere area around the place Pasteur. This is where the Belvedere Park lies, the largest in the city, and home to a zoo and the Pasteur Institute founded by [[Adrien Loir]] in 1893. Continuing to the north are the most exclusive neighborhoods of Mutuelleville which house the French Lycée Pierre-Mendès-France, the Sheraton Hotel, and some embassies.

 

Still further north of the Belvedere Park, behind the Boulevard of 7 November are the neighborhoods of [[El Menzah]] and El Manar now reaching the peaks of the hills overlooking the north of the town. They support a range of residential and commercial buildings. To the west of the park lies the district of El Omrane which holds the main [[Muslim]] cemetery in the capital and the warehouses of public transport. Heading east is the [[Tunis-Carthage International Airport]] and the neighborhoods of Borgel, giving his name to the existing Jewish and Christian cemeteries in the capital, and the neighborhood of Montplaisir. Beyond that, several kilometers north-east, on the road to [[La Marsa]], the [[Berges du Lac]] was built on land reclaimed from the north shore of the lake near the airport, which has held offices of Tunisian and foreign companies, many embassies as well as shops.

 

| Buffer_zone = 190.19 ha

}}

[[File:PatioDarSoulaimania.JPG|left|thumb|Court of Dar Soulaimania, once the boarding lodge of [[University of Ez-Zitouna]].]]

The [[medina of Tunis]] has been a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] since 1979. The Medina contains some 700 monuments, including palaces, mosques, [[mausoleum]]s, [[madrasa]]s, and fountains dating from the Almohad and the Hafsid periods. These ancient buildings include:

 

Founded in 698 is the [[Al-Zaytuna Mosque]] and the surrounding area which developed throughout the [[Middle Ages]],<ref name="MEDI">{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.asmtunis.com/savoir.php Fiche de présentation de la médina (Association de sauvegarde de la médina de Tunis)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223232940/http://www.asmtunis.com/savoir.php |date=2008-12-23 }}</ref> dividing Tunis into a main town in two suburbs, in the north (Bab Souika) and the south (Bab El Jazira). The area became the capital of a powerful kingdom during the [[Hafsid]] era and was considered a religious and intellectual home and economic center for the Middle East, Africa, and Europe. A great fusion of influences can be seen blending [[Andalusian people|Andalusian]] styles with eastern influences, and Roman or [[Byzantine]] columns, and typical Arab architecture, characterized by the archways.

The architectural heritage is also omnipresent in the homes of individuals and small palace officials as well as in the palace of the sovereign of Kasbah. Although some palaces and houses date back to the Middle Ages, a greater number of prestigious houses were built in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries such as [[Dar Othman]] (early 17th century), [[Dar Ben Abdallah]] (18th century), [[Dar Hussein]], Dar Cherif and other houses. The main palace beys are those of La Marsa, Bardo, and Ksar Said. If we add the mosques and oratories (about 200), the [[madrasa]]hs ([[Madrasa El Bachia|El Bachia]], [[Madrasa Slimania|Slimania]], El Achouria, Bir El Ahjar, [[Madrasa Ennakhla|Ennakhla]], etc..), The [[zaouia]]s (Mahrez Sidi Sidi Ali Azouz, Sidi Abdel Kader, etc.) and Tourbet El Fellari, Tourbet Aziza Othman and Tourbet El Bey the number of monuments in Tunis approaches 600. Unlike [[Algiers]], [[Palermo]] and [[Naples]], its historical heart has never suffered from major natural disasters or urban radical interventions. The main conflicts and potentially destructive human behavior has been experienced in the city occurred relatively recently following the country's independence which is why it made into a [[World Heritage Site]] by UNESCO in 1979. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Medina is one of the best-preserved urban locations in the Arab world.<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.cites.tv/TV5Tunis/pop_contenu.php?type=videos&image=&swf=pop44.swf&url=http://213.41.65.178/akamareal/tv5/tunis/binous_160304.rpm Entretien avec Jamila Binous sur la médina de Tunis (TV5)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417043428/http://www.cites.tv/TV5Tunis/pop_contenu.php?type=videos&image=&swf=pop44.swf&url=https%3A%2F%2Frp.liu233w.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2F213.41.65.178%2Fakamareal%2Ftv5%2Ftunis%2Fbinous_160304.rpm |date=2008-04-17 }}</ref>

 

 

=== Places of worship ===

[[File:Acropolium.jpg|thumb|[[Saint Louis Cathedral, Carthage|St. Louis Cathedral]] on the Byrsa hill at [[Carthage (municipality)|Carthage]]]]

Among the [[places of worship]], they are predominantly [[Islam|Muslim]] mosques. There are also [[Christianity|Christian]] churches and temples : [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tunis]] ([[Catholic Church]]), [[Protestant churches]], [[Evangelical Churches]].<ref>J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ''Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 2898</ref>

 

 

The medina contains most of the major mosques in the capital which were built before the advent of the French protectorate. The mosque in the Kasbah, was founded in 1230. Practicing the [[Hanafi]] rite since 1584, it is recognisable mainly by the dome as well as its minaret, similar to the Koutoubia in [[Marrakesh]] and is the highest in the city.<ref name="MUN">{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/culture_lieu_culte0.htm Lieux de culte (Municipalité de Tunis)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811155804/http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/culture_lieu_culte0.htm |date=2009-08-11 }}</ref> [[Ksar Mosque]], also of the [[Hanafi]] rite, is located in front of Dar Hussein (Bab Menara) and was built in the 12th century.<ref name="MUN"/> The [[Hammouda Pasha Mosque]], built in 1655, is the second mosque built by the Hanafi rite in Tunis.<ref name="MUN"/> [[Youssef Dey Mosque]] operated primarily as a public speaking venue before becoming a real mosque in 1631.<ref name="MUN"/> The [[Sidi Mahrez Mosque]] is the largest mosque Hanafi mosque in terms of area but not the tallest. Built in 1692, it resembles the Ottoman [[Süleymaniye Mosque]] in [[Istanbul]].<ref name="MUN"/> The [[Saheb Ettabaâ Mosque]], built between 1808 and 1814 was the last mosque built by the Tunis Husseinites before the French occupation.<ref name="MUN"/>

 

The presence of modern churches in Tunis is also testimony to the French presence for half a century. Tunis is the seat of the [[Diocese of Tunis]], with the seat located at the [[Cathedral of St Vincent de Paul]], The church was built in 1897 on the site of the old Christian cemetery of Saint-Antoine.<ref name="MUN"/> This includes a network of Catholic buildings, including the Church of St. Joan of Arc, but also with the Protestant Reformed Church and the Anglican church Saint-Georges.<ref>Cette dernière est construite sur ordre du souverain Romdhane Bey en 1696 pour y inhumer la dépouille de sa mère d'origine italienne et de culte protestant. Elle est gérée par l'ambassade du Royaume-Uni à Tunis.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Miller|first1=Duane|title=Contextuality, Contextualization, and the New Christians of Tunis|journal=Pharos Journal of Theology|date=2016|volume=97|pages=1–13|url=https://www.academia.edu/24369709|access-date=16 April 2016}}</ref>

 

The small [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] community is centred around the Greek Orthodox Church (1862), managed by the Greek Embassy and the Russian Orthodox Church (1957), reflecting the presence in Tunisia of a small colony of [[white émigré|Russian immigrants]].<ref name="MUN"/>

 

 

===Parks and greenery===

===Performing arts===

[[File:Theatre municipal - Tunis.jpg|left|thumb|Tunis Municipal Theatre]]

Tunis is a center of Tunisian culture. The [[Théâtre municipal de Tunis]], opened on 20 November 1902, showcases [[opera]], [[ballet]], symphonic concerts, drama, etc. On the stage of this theater, many performances are regularly given by Tunisian, Arabic, and international actors.<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/culture_theatre0.htm Théâtres (Municipalité de Tunis)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725154516/http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/culture_theatre0.htm |date=2010-07-25 }}</ref> The [[National Theatre of Tunisia]] is an important public enterprise in Tunis,<ref name="THEA1">{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/culture_theatre1.htm Théâtres (Municipalité de Tunis)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715030204/http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/culture_theatre1.htm |date=2009-07-15 }}</ref> and since 1988 been located in the Khaznadar palace (dating from the middle of the 19th century and situated in the [[Halfaouine]] quarter), renamed "Theater Palace." In 1993, it also took possession of the former [[movie theater]] Le Paris, with a 350-person seating capacity. During each "cultural season" (from October 1 to 30 June) the theater holds over 80 events.<ref name="THEA1"/> The Al Hamra theater was the second theater to be opened in Tunis, situated on El Jazira Road. Al Hamra was one of the most famous theaters in the capital during the 1930s and 1940s.<ref name="THEA2">{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/culture_theatre2.htm Théâtres (Municipalité de Tunis)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715235038/http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/culture_theatre2.htm |date=2009-07-15 }}</ref> After being closed for fifteen years, it was turned into a small theater in 1986, and since 2001 has housed the first Arab-African center for theater training and research.<ref name="THEA2"/> One should also note the [[El Teatro]] and [[L'Étoile du Nord (Tunis)|Étoile du Nord]] theater groups.

 

Other arts are also represented in the capital. The National Center of the Arts established the puppet theatre in 1976.<ref name="THEA1"/> The National School of Circus Arts was founded following a meeting between the Director of the National Theater and the Director General of the National Center for Arts of Châlons-en-Champagne (France) in 1998. In addition, various small theatres and cultural centers are scattered throughout the city and display various artistic performances.

 

 

=== Public transport ===

[[File:Train banlieue nord rentrant gare Tunis 2020.jpg|thumb|left|Tunis south surb train]]

The growing metropolitan area is served by an extensive network of public transportation including buses, an above-ground light rail system (le Metro), as well a regional train line (the [[Tunis-Goulette-Marsa|TGM]]) that links the city center to its closest northern suburbs. Multi-lane autoroutes surround the city and serve the increasing number of privately owned cars one encounters in Tunisia.

<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oaca.nat.tn/ |title=Accueil |publisher=OACA |language=fr |access-date=22 July 2022}}</ref>

 

The city has, as of the beginning of the 21st century, a public transportation system developed under the management of the Société des transports de Tunis (STT). In addition to some 200 bus routes, the first light rail line opened in 1985. The [[Métro léger de Tunis]] network has extended gradually since then to reach the suburbs. The capital is also linked to its northern suburbs by the railway line that crosses the lake, dividing the lake into two.

New mass transit was planned for Greater Tunis in 2009. This was the RTS (rapid rail network), the local equivalent of the Paris [[Réseau Express Régional|RER]], which was to carry tens of thousands of travellers from the distant suburbs of Tunis to the centre by using either existing tracks or new tracks yet to be built.<ref name="CHOKRI">Chokri Gharbi, La métamorphose d'une capitale au cœur de la Méditerranée, ''La Presse de Tunisie''</ref>

 

The plan was for lines based on certain criteria such as population density and the lack of coverage for a given area. Among the priority lines were: Tunis-Borj Cédria (23&nbsp;km) where modernization and electrification are already planned; Tunis-Mohamedia-Fouchana (19.4&nbsp;km); Tunis-Manouba-Mnihla (19.2&nbsp;km); Tunis-Ezzouhour-Sidi Hassine Séjoumi (13.9&nbsp;km). In addition, the TGM will be integrated into the light-rail network and a new line built around Ayn Zaghouan and Bhar Lazrag (8.4&nbsp;km). Such an operation would require the upgrading of the docks' TGM stations so that they become suitable for light rail trains.<ref name="CHOKRI"/> Among other projects are a line to the city of [[Ennasr]] (8.4&nbsp;km) and the extension of the Tunis-Ettadhamen to [[Mnihla]] (1.7&nbsp;km). For its part, the south light-rail line was extended in November 2008 to [[El Mourouj]] with a length of {{convert|6.8|km|1|abbr=off}}. The total length of the network will eventually be in the range of {{convert|84|km|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="CHOKRI"/>

 

 

==Sport==

At the beginning of the 20th century, a number of sports institutions were established in Tunis, particularly in school and college settings. In 1905 the Muslim Association of Tunisia brought together students from Lycée Alaoui and [[Sadiki College]] to organize gymnastics. A regional gymnastics competition was held in Tunis in 1912 with the participation of thousands of French gymnasts.

 

== Notable inhabitants ==

{{main category|People from Tunis}}

* [[Serge Adda]] (1948–2004), president of the French TV channel TV5

* [[Mustapha Ben Jafar]] (born 1940), Tunisian politician

* [[Sophie Bessis]], (born 1947), Franco-Tunisian historian, journalist, and researcher

* [[Roberto Blanco]] (born 1937), German pop singer and actor

* [[Alain Boublil]] (born 1941), French musical author

* [[Karine Chemla]] (born 1958), historian of mathematics and sinologist

* [[Pierre Darmon]] (born 1934), French tennis player

* [[Bertrand Delanoë]] (born 1950), mayor of Paris

* [[Salah El Mahdi]] (1925–2014), musicologist and composer

* [[Marc Gicquel]] (born 1977), French tennis player

* [[Tahar Haddad]] (1899–1935), promoter of women's emancipation in Tunisia

* [[Ibn Khaldun]] (1332–1406), Arab sociologist and scholar

* [[Phillip King (sculptor)|Phillip King]] (1934–2021), British sculptor

* [[Fouad Mebazaa]] (born 1933), politician, President of Tunisia in 2011

* [[Abdelwahab Meddeb]] (1946–2014), Tunisian-French writer and radio staff

* [[Fatma Moalla]] (born 1939), mathematician

* [[Nicola Pietrangeli]] (born 1933), Italian tennis player

* [[Yazid Zerhouni]] (born 1937), Algerian politician