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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name
| settlement_type
| nicknames
| motto
| image_skyline
| photo1a = Eugene panorama (cropped).jpg
| photo2a = 102707-Oregon-Autzen-USC-UO-Sanchezpass.jpg
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| size = 290
}}<br />
| imagesize
| image_caption
| image_flag
| image_seal
| image_map
| map_caption
| pushpin_map
| subdivision_type
| subdivision_type1
| subdivision_type2
| subdivision_name
| subdivision_name1
| subdivision_name2
| government_type
| leader_title
| leader_name
| leader_party
| leader_title1
| leader_name1
| established_title
| established_title2
| established_date
| established_date2
| unit_pref
| area_footnotes
| area_magnitude
| area_total_km2
| area_land_km2
| area_water_km2
| area_total_sq_mi
| area_land_sq_mi
| area_water_sq_mi
| population_as_of
| population_est
| pop_est_as_of
| population_rank
| population_total
| population_urban
| population_density_urban_km2 = 1,419.6
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 3,676.6
| population_metro
| population_density_km2
| population_density_sq_mi = 3995.07
| population_demonym
| population_footnotes
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| timezone = [[Pacific Standard Time|PST]]▼
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Lane County, OR |url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPALL41039|work=[[Federal Reserve Economic Data]] |publisher=[[Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis]]}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Metro
| demographics2_info1 = $20.913 billion (2022)
| coordinates = {{Wikidatacoord|Q171224|type:city_region:US-OR|display=inline,title}}▼
|
|
|
| postal_code = 97401–97405, 97408, 97440▼
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| area_code = [[Area codes 541 and 458|458 and 541]]▼
| elevation_ft = 413
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]▼
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s
| blank_info = 41-23850▼
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID▼
| blank1_info = 2410460<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2410460}}</ref>▼
| website = {{URL|http://www.eugene-or.gov/}}▼
}}
'''Eugene''' ({{IPAc-en|j|uː|ˈ|dʒ|iː|n}} {{respell|yoo|JEEN}}) is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Lane County, Oregon]], United States. It is located at the southern end of the [[Willamette Valley]], near the confluence of the [[McKenzie River (Oregon)|McKenzie]] and [[Willamette River|Willamette]] rivers, about {{convert|50|mi|km}} east of the [[Oregon Coast]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/44%C2%B003'08.0%22N+123%C2%B005'33.0%22W/@44.052222,-123.0925,12z/data=!4m4!3m3!8m2!3d44.052222!4d-123.0925?hl=en&entry=ttu |website=Google Maps |access-date=March 23, 2024 }}</ref>
The [[List of cities in Oregon|second-most populous city]] in Oregon, Eugene had a population of 176,654 as of the [[2020 United States census]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/eugenecityoregon |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Eugene city, Oregon |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=July 20, 2022 |archive-date=July 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712232625/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/eugenecityoregon |url-status=live }}</ref> and it covers city area of {{cvt|44.21|mi2|km2}}. The [[Eugene-Springfield, OR MSA|Eugene-Springfield metropolitan statistical area]] is the second largest in Oregon after [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov/ |website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 5, 2016 |
Eugene is home to the [[University of Oregon]], [[Bushnell University]], and [[Lane Community College]].<ref>{{cite web |title=University of Oregon |url=http://uoregon.edu/ |website=uoregon.edu |access-date=January 6, 2016 |archive-date=January 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105093126/http://koch@uoregon.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nwcu.edu/ |title=Northwest Christian University - Private University in Eugene, Oregon |website=Northwest Christian University |language=en-US |access-date=February 5, 2019 |archive-date=February 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207020237/https://www.nwcu.edu/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lane Community College |url=https://www.lanecc.edu/ |website=www.lanecc.edu |access-date=January 6, 2016 |archive-date=January 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104005051/https://www.lanecc.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The city is noted for its natural environment, recreational opportunities (especially [[Cycling|bicycling]], [[running]]/[[jogging]], [[rafting]], and [[kayak]]ing), and focus on the arts, along with its history of civil unrest, riots, and green activism. Eugene's official
==History==
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===Settlement and impact===
[[File:Kalapuya-Man.jpg|alt=19th Century book illustration, attributed by the Library of Congress at https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2001696060/ to the artist Alfred T. Agate (
[[North American fur trade|French fur traders]] had settled seasonally in the Willamette Valley by the beginning of the 19th century. Their settlements were concentrated in the "French Prairie" community in Northern Marion County but may have extended south to the Eugene area. Having already developed relationships with Native communities through intermarriage and trade, they negotiated for land from the Kalapuyans. By 1828 to 1830 they and their Native wives began year-round occupation of the land, raising crops and tending animals. In this process, the mixed race families began to impact Native access to land, food supply, and traditional materials for trade and religious practices.<ref>{{Cite book |title=At the Hearth of Crossed Races: A French Indian Community in Nineteenth Century Oregon, 1812-1859 |last=Jette |first=Melinda Marie |publisher=Oregon State University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780870715976 |location=Corvallis, Oregon |pages=12–61, p. 147}}</ref>
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[[Eugene Skinner|Eugene Franklin Skinner]], after whom Eugene is named, arrived in the [[Willamette Valley]] in 1846 with 1,200 other settlers that year. Advised by the Kalapuyans to build on high ground to avoid flooding, he erected the first pioneer cabin<ref>{{cite web |last=Skinner |first=Eugene |date=2009 |title=Photo and text - Eugene Skinner |url=http://lanecounty.pastperfect-online.com/33692cgi/mweb.exe?request=record;id=E0430570-95FD-4021-A07A-488130455136;type=102 |access-date=March 11, 2017 |website=Lane County Historical Society |archive-date=April 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405171119/http://lanecounty.pastperfect-online.com/33692cgi/mweb.exe?request=record;id=E0430570-95FD-4021-A07A-488130455136;type=102 |url-status=live }}</ref> on south or west slope of what the Kalapuyans called Ya-po-ah. The "isolated hill" is now known as [[Skinner Butte|Skinner's Butte]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zenk |first=Henry |year=2008 |title=Notes on Native American Place-names of the Willamette Valley Region |journal=Oregon Historical Quarterly |volume=109 |pages=6–33 |doi=10.1353/ohq.2008.0092 |s2cid=165355383}}</ref> The cabin was used as a [[trading post]] and was registered as an official post office on January 8, 1850.<ref>{{cite web |title=Movers and Shakers, Part 1 |url=http://www.eugenemasoniccemetery.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/02/movers_shakers.pdf |access-date=November 13, 2021 |website=eugenemasoniccemetery.org/ |archive-date=November 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114011910/http://www.eugenemasoniccemetery.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/02/movers_shakers.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
At this time the settlement was known by settlers as Skinner's Mudhole. It was relocated in 1853 and named Eugene City in 1853.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Eugene, Oregon, United States |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Eugene-Oregon |access-date=March 11, 2017 |website=www.britannica.com |archive-date=March 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306044800/https://www.britannica.com/place/Eugene-Oregon |url-status=live }}</ref> Formally incorporated as a city in 1862, it was
=== Educational institutions ===
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One hotspot for protest activity since the 1990s has been the [[Whiteaker, Eugene, Oregon|Whiteaker]] district, located in the northwest of downtown Eugene. The Whiteaker is primarily a [[working-class]] neighborhood that has become a cultural hub, center of community and activism and home to alternative artists. It saw an increase of activity in the 1990s after many young people drawn to Eugene's political climate relocated there.<ref name="harpers.org">{{cite magazine |date=May 5, 2000 |title=Notes from Underground: Among the radicals of the Pacific Northwest |magazine=Harper's Magazine |volume=May 2000 |url=https://harpers.org/archive/2000/05/notes-from-underground/ |access-date=July 18, 2020 |last1=Samuels |first1=David |archive-date=July 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719121253/https://harpers.org/archive/2000/05/notes-from-underground/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Animal rights groups have had a heavy presence in the Whiteaker, and several [[vegan]] restaurants are located there. According to [[David Samuels (writer)|David Samuels]], the [[Animal Liberation Front]] and the [[Earth Liberation Front]] have had an underground presence in the neighborhood.<ref name="harpers">{{cite news |last=Samuels |first=David |author-link=David Samuels (writer) |date=May 2000 |title=Notes from underground: Among the radicals of the Pacific Northwest |pages=35–47 |newspaper=Harpers}}</ref> The neighborhood is home to a number of communal apartment buildings, which are often organized by anarchist or environmentalist groups. Local activists have also produced independent films and started art galleries, community gardens, and independent media outlets. [[Copwatch]], [[Food Not Bombs]], and [[Critical Mass (cycling)|Critical Mass]] are also active in the neighborhood.<ref name="ew">{{cite news |last=Abraham |first=Kera |date=November 9, 2006 |title=Flames of Dissent |newspaper=Eugene Weekly |url=http://www.eugeneweekly.com/2006/11/09/news1.html |access-date=November 15, 2011 |archive-date=February 9, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209061339/http://www.eugeneweekly.com/2006/11/09/news1.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
The 21st century has seen continued environmental and social justice activism. In 2011, the [[Occupy Eugene]] protests from October to December occurred in connection with the [[Occupy Wall Street]] movement, and these local protests included around 2000 participants.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=The Oregonian News |date=2011-10-15 |title='Occupy Eugene' march planned Saturday afternoon |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/2011/10/occupy_eugene_march_planned_sa.html |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=oregonlive |language=en}}</ref> In 2020, George Floyd protests occurred in May and June, including peaceful demonstrations and riots. These protests in connection with the nationwide [[2020 George Floyd protests]] resulted in increased consciousness towards Eugene's black history and race issues and resulted in the renaming of [[University Hall (University of Oregon)|University Hall]] and the toppling of the Pioneer and Pioneer mother statues at the University of Oregon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=News |date=2020-05-29 |title=March in Eugene to protest George Floyd death takes destructive turn |url=https://kval.com/news/local/people-march-chant-in-streets-of-downtown-eugene-to-protest-george-floyd-death |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=KVAL |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=E. W. |date=2020-06-11 |title=Fighting for Change |url=https://eugeneweekly.com/2020/06/11/fighting-for-change/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Eugene Weekly |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.dailyemerald.com/news/breaking-protesters-tear-down-pioneer-statues-after-deady-hall-protest/article_3526f140-adec-11ea-8f06-2bb6cab42c73.html}}</ref> In 2023 and 2024, pro-Palestinian demonstrations were organized by many different activist groups across the city, and saw major events like marches with hundreds of participants, the April 15th, 2024 I-5 protest which blocked southbound I-5 traffic for hours and resulted in the largest mass arrests in Eugene activist history <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desaulniers |first=Robert |date=2024-04-15 |title=More than 50 arrested after protest that shut down Interstate 5 Monday morning |url=https://www.kezi.com/news/more-than-50-arrested-after-protest-that-shut-down-interstate-5-monday-morning/article_1df18bc0-fb4f-11ee-bee2-f7775b004319.html |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=KEZI 9 News |language=en}}</ref> and the "Popular University for Gaza" encampment at the University of Oregon in May of 2024 as part of the [[2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses|2024 pro-Palestinian protests on college campuses]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Oregon students set up encampment to protest Gaza conflict |url=https://www.opb.org/article/2024/04/30/university-of-oregon-students-set-up-encampment-to-protest-gaza-conflict/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=opb |language=en}}</ref>
==Geography==
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===Neighborhoods===
Eugene has
{{div col |colwidth=18em}}
*[[Amazon, Eugene, Oregon|Amazon]] Neighbors Association
*[[Cal Young, Eugene, Oregon|Cal Young]] Neighborhood Association
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*Downtown Neighborhood Association
*[[Fairmount, Eugene, Oregon|Fairmount]] Neighbors Association
*[[Friendly, Eugene, Oregon|Friendly]] Area Neighbors
*[[Goodpasture Island, Eugene, Oregon|Goodpasture Island]] Neighbors
*[[Harlow, Eugene, Oregon|Harlow]] Neighbors
*[[Industrial Corridor, Eugene, Oregon|Industrial Corridor]]
*[[Jefferson Westside, Eugene, Oregon|Jefferson Westside]] Neighbors
*[[Laurel Hill Valley, Eugene, Oregon|Laurel Hill Valley]] Citizens
*[[Northeast, Eugene, Oregon|Northeast]] Neighbors
*[[River Road, Oregon|River Road]] Community Organization
*[[Santa Clara, Eugene, Oregon|Santa Clara]] Community Organization (including [[Irving, Eugene, Oregon|Irving]])
*[[South University, Eugene, Oregon|South University]] Neighborhood Association
*[[Southeast, Eugene, Oregon|Southeast]] Neighbors
*Southwest Hills Neighborhood Association
*[[Trainsong, Eugene, Oregon|Trainsong]] Neighbors
*[[West Eugene, Eugene, Oregon|West Eugene]] Community Organization
*[[West University, Eugene, Oregon|West University]] Neighbors
*[[Whiteaker, Eugene, Oregon|Whiteaker]] Community Council
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====Air quality and allergies====
Eugene is downwind of Willamette Valley grass seed farms.<ref>{{cite web |last=Houtman |first=Nick |date=April 24, 2009 |title=Where grass seed is king |url=https://terra.oregonstate.edu/2009/04/where-grass-seed-is-king/ |access-date=October 22, 2009 |publisher=Oregon State University |archive-date=November 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115071037/http://terra.oregonstate.edu/2009/04/where-grass-seed-is-king/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The combination of summer grass pollen and the confining shape of the hills around Eugene make it "the area of the highest grass pollen counts in the USA (>1,500 pollen grains/m<sup>3</sup> of air)."<ref>Taylor, Phillip E.; Jacobson, Kraig W.; House, James M.; Glovsky, M. Michael. (2007). "Links between Pollen, Atopy and the Asthma Epidemic" ''International Archives of Allergy and Immunology''; 144:162–170</ref> These high pollen counts have led to difficulties for some track athletes who compete in Eugene. In the Olympic trials in 1972, "[[Jim Ryun]] won the 1,500 after being flown in by helicopter because he was allergic to Eugene's grass seed pollen."<ref>{{cite web |last=Borzilleri |first=Meri-Jo |date=June 8, 2007 |title=Hayward Field is as storied as Prefontaine himself |url=
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
| 1860 = 1183
| 1870 = 861
| 1880 = 1117
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| 1890n = <ref>Allan, Stuart; Buckley, Aileen R.; Meacham, James E.; Loy, William G. (2001), Atlas of Oregon (2. ed ed.), Eugene, Or: University of Oregon Pr, ISBN 978-0-87114-101-9</ref>
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| estyear = 2022
|estref = <ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html |title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates |access-date=May 21, 2020 |archive-date=July 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701194657/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html |url-status=live }}</ref>▼
| estimate = 179887
|footnote = Sources:<ref name="Census1960">{{cite web |title=Number of Inhabitants: Oregon |url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/37749197v1p39ch2.pdf |work=18th Census of the United States |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=November 22, 2013 |archive-date=August 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818094711/https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/37749197v1p39ch2.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Census1990">{{cite web |title=Oregon: Population and Housing Unit Counts |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-39.pdf |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=November 22, 2013 |archive-date=July 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724071607/https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-39.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108 |title=Census Population API |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=February 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213085226/https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108 |url-status=live }}</ref>▼
▲| estref = <ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html |title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates |access-date=May 21, 2020 |archive-date=July 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701194657/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
▲| footnote = Sources:<ref name="Census1960">{{cite web |title=Number of Inhabitants: Oregon |url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/37749197v1p39ch2.pdf |work=18th Census of the United States |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=November 22, 2013 |archive-date=August 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818094711/https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/37749197v1p39ch2.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Census1990">{{cite web |title=Oregon: Population and Housing Unit Counts |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-39.pdf |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=November 22, 2013 |archive-date=July 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724071607/https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-39.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108 |title=Census Population API |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=February 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213085226/https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
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Corporate headquarters for the employee-owned [[Bi-Mart]] corporation and [[Family business|family-owned]] [[supermarket]] [[Market of Choice]] remain in Eugene.[[File:Sarver-winery-by-colin Morton-2017- 31.jpg|alt=Sarvery Winery courtesy of Eugene, Cascades & Coast|thumb|Sarvery Winery courtesy of Eugene, Cascades & Coast]]
Many multinational businesses were launched in Eugene. Some of the most famous include [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]],<ref name="History & Heritage" /> [[Taco Time]],<ref>[http://www.entrepreneur.com/franchises/tacotime/282862-0.html "Taco Time"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822173555/http://www.entrepreneur.com/franchises/tacotime/282862-0.html |date=August 22, 2010 }}. ''[[Entrepreneur (magazine)|Entrepreneur]]''. Retrieved June 7, 2010.</ref> and [[
The footwear repair product [[Shoe Goo]] is manufactured by Eclectic Products, based in Eugene.
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[[Organically Grown Company]], the largest distributor of organic fruits and vegetables in the northwest, started in Eugene in 1978 as a non-profit co-op for organic farmers. Notable local [[Food processing|food processors]], many of whom manufacture [[Organic certification|certified organic]] products, include Golden Temple ([[Yogi Tea]]), Merry Hempsters, Springfield Creamery (Nancy's Yogurt), and [[Mountain Rose Herbs]].
Until July 2008, [[Hynix]] Semiconductor America had operated a large semiconductor plant in west Eugene. In late September 2009, Uni-Chem of South Korea announced its intention to purchase the Hynix site for [[solar cell]] manufacturing.<ref name="RG-Unichem">Buri McDonald, Sherri (September 29, 2009). [http://special.registerguard.com/csp/cms/sites/web/news/cityregion/20844835-41/story.csp "Quick hynix deal planned"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802083710/http://special.registerguard.com/csp/cms/sites/web/news/cityregion/20844835-41/story.csp |date=August 2, 2014 }}. ''The Register-Guard''. p. A1</ref> However, this deal fell through and as of late 2012, is no longer planned.<ref name="RG">[http://projects.registerguard.com/web/newslocalnews/28116331-41/hynix-plant-company-solar-data.html.csp] {{Webarchive
Luckey's Club Cigar Store is one of the oldest bars in Oregon. Tad Luckey Sr. purchased it in 1911, making it one of the oldest businesses in Eugene. The "Club Cigar", as it was called in the late 19th century, was for many years a men-only salon. It survived both the [[Great Depression]] and [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]], partly because Eugene was a "[[dry town]]" before the end of Prohibition.<ref>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Luckey's History |url=http://www.luckeysclub.com/history |access-date=August 10, 2014 |website=Luckey's Club Cigar Store |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812212132/http://www.luckeysclub.com/history |url-status=live }}</ref>
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Eugene is noted for its "community inventiveness." Many U.S. trends in community development originated in Eugene. The University of Oregon's participatory [[planning]] process, known as [[The Oregon Experiment]], was the result of student protests in the early 1970s. The book of the same name is a major document in modern enlightenment thinking in planning and architectural circles. The process, still used by the university in modified form, was created by [[Christopher Alexander]], whose works also directly inspired the creation of the [[Wiki]]. Some research for the book ''[[A Pattern Language]]'', which inspired the [[Design Patterns]] movement and [[Extreme Programming]], was done by Alexander in Eugene. Not coincidentally, those engineering movements also had origins here. Decades after its publication, ''A Pattern Language'' is still one of the best-selling books on urban design.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Levinson |first1=David M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWuTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA232 |title=Place and Plexus: Metropolitan Land Use and Transport |last2=Krizek |first2=Kevin J. |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2008 |isbn=9781135974565 |page=232 |access-date=November 10, 2014}}</ref>
In the 1970s, Eugene was packed with cooperative and community projects. It still has small natural food stores in many neighborhoods, some of the oldest student cooperatives in the country, and alternative schools have been part of the school district since 1971. The old Grower's Market, downtown near the [[Amtrak]] depot, is the only food cooperative in the U.S. with no employees. It is possible to see Eugene's trend-setting non-profit tendencies in much newer projects, such as
In the fall of 2003, neighbors noticed "an unassuming two-acre remnant orchard tucked into the Friendly Area Neighborhood"<ref name="Saved">{{Cite news |last=Hirst |first=Jessica |date=December 18, 2008 |title=Madison Meadow Saved |work=Eugene Weekly |url=http://www.eugeneweekly.com/2008/12/18/news.html |url-status=dead |access-date=September 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306033812/http://www.eugeneweekly.com/2008/12/18/news.html |archive-date=March 6, 2017}}</ref> had been put up for sale by its owner, a resident of New York City.<ref name="RG07">{{Cite news |last=Russo |first=Edward |date=April 5, 2007 |title=Clock ticking on Madison Meadow |page=C1 |work=The Register-Guard |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/registerguard/access/1250950201.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Apr+5%2C+2007&author=Edward+Russo+The+Register-Guard&pub=The+Register+-+Guard&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=Clock+ticking+on+Madison+Meadow |access-date=August 1, 2009 |archive-date=November 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107103500/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/registerguard/access/1250950201.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Apr+5,+2007&author=Edward+Russo+The+Register-Guard&pub=The+Register+-+Guard&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=Clock+ticking+on+Madison+Meadow |url-status=dead}}</ref> Learning a prospective buyer had plans to build several houses on the property, they formed a nonprofit organization called Madison Meadow<ref name="MM">{{cite web |date=April 17, 2008 |title=Madison Meadow |url=http://www.madisonmeadow.org/ |access-date=November 13, 2012 |publisher=Madison Meadow |archive-date=June 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605012120/http://madisonmeadow.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=August 21, 2012 |title=Eugene OR 97405- Tax Exempt Organizations and 97405 Eugene Oregon Non Profit Organizations |url=http://www.taxexemptworld.com/organizations/eugene_or_97405.asp |access-date=November 13, 2012 |publisher=Taxexemptworld.com |archive-date=February 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217023823/http://www.taxexemptworld.com/organizations/eugene_or_97405.asp |url-status=live }}</ref> in June 2004 in order to buy the property and "preserve it as undeveloped space in perpetuity."<ref name="MM" /> In 2007 their effort was named Third Best Community Effort by the ''Eugene Weekly'',<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 25, 2007 |title=BEST OF EUGENE 2007: Tightrope Walkers and Trapeze Artists |work=Eugene Weekly |url=http://www.eugeneweekly.com/2007/10/25/coverstory1.html |url-status=dead |access-date=September 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122095753/http://www.eugeneweekly.com/2007/10/25/coverstory1.html |archive-date=January 22, 2016}}</ref> and by the end of 2008 they had raised enough money to purchase the property.<ref name="Saved" />
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===Performing arts===
[[File:HultCenterPerformingArts.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|The [[Hult Center for the Performing Arts]]]]
Eugene is home to numerous cultural organizations, including the [[Eugene Symphony]] (whose previous music directors include [[Marin Alsop]], [[Giancarlo Guerrero]], and [[Miguel Harth-Bedoya]]); the [[Eugene Ballet]], a professional full-time touring company; the
The
A number of live theater groups are based in Eugene, including [[Free Shakespeare in the Park]],
====Music====
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Because of its status as a [[college town]], Eugene has been home to many music genres, musicians and bands, ranging from [[electronic dance music]] such as [[dubstep]] and [[drum and bass]] to [[garage rock]], [[Hip hop music|hip hop]], [[Folk music|folk]] and [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]]. Eugene also has growing [[reggae]] and street-performing [[bluegrass music|bluegrass]] and [[jug band]] scenes. Multi-genre act the [[Cherry Poppin' Daddies]] became a prominent figure in Eugene's music scene and became the [[house band]] at Eugene's W.O.W. Hall. In the late 1990s, their contributions to the [[swing revival]] movement propelled them to national stardom. Rock band [[Floater (band)|Floater]] originated in Eugene as did the Robert Cray blues band. Doom metal band [[Yob (band)|YOB]] is among the leaders of the Eugene heavy music scene.
Eugene is home to "[[Classical Gas]]" Composer and two-time Grammy award winner [[Mason Williams]] who spent his years as a youth living between his parents in [[Oakridge, Oregon]] and Oklahoma. Mason Williams puts on a yearly Christmas show at the Hult center for performing arts with a full orchestra produced by author, audio engineer and University of Oregon professor
[[Dick Hyman]], noted jazz pianist and musical director for many of Woody Allen's films, designs and hosts the annual Now Hear This! jazz festival at the Oregon Festival of American Music (OFAM). OFAM and the [[Hult Center]] routinely draw major jazz talent for concerts.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Shedd Institute: Now Hear This 2010–11 Series |url=http://www.theshedd.org/divP/series.aspx?event=1748 |access-date=August 11, 2011 |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928055725/http://www.theshedd.org/divP/series.aspx?event=1748 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Markstrom |first=Serena |date=August 3, 2007 |title=Pursuit of 'magic' keeps Krall going as an artist |page=E11 |newspaper=Eugene Register-Guard |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/registerguard/access/1315846381.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Aug+3%2C+2007&author=Serena+Markstrom+The+Register-Guard&pub=The+Register+-+Guard&edition=&startpage=E.11&desc=Pursuit+of+%27magic%27+keeps+Krall+going+as+an+artist |access-date=November 25, 2007 |archive-date=March 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315144131/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/registerguard/access/1315846381.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Aug+3%2C+2007&author=Serena+Markstrom+The+Register-Guard&pub=The+Register+-+Guard&edition=&startpage=E.11&desc=Pursuit+of+%27magic%27+keeps+Krall+going+as+an+artist |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Eugene is also home to a large [[Zimbabwean music]] community. [[Kutsinhira Cultural Arts Center]], which is "dedicated to the music and people of [[Zimbabwe]]," is based in Eugene. The city of Eugene is mentioned in the Johnny Cash song "Lumberjack".
===Visual arts===
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There is a mainline Protestant contingency in the city as well—such as the largest of the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] Churches, Central Lutheran<ref>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Central Lutheran |url=http://welcometocentral.org/ |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=August 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810013900/http://www.welcometocentral.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> near the U of O Campus and the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal]] Church of the Resurrection.<ref>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Episcopal Church of the Resurrection |url=https://resurrectioneugene.org/ |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812211958/https://resurrectioneugene.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The Eugene area has a sizeable [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS Church]] presence, with three [[Stake (Latter Day Saints)|stakes]], consisting of 23 congregations (wards and branches).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/tools/stake-and-ward-websites?lang=eng |title=Eugene, Oregon, stake |access-date=July 16, 2019 |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711152225/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/tools/stake-and-ward-websites?lang=eng |url-status=live }}</ref> The Church of Jesus Christ announced plans in April 2020 to build a temple in Eugene.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 4, 2021 |title=20 New Temples Announced at General Conference |url=http://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/april-2021-general-conference-new-temples |access-date=April 25, 2021 |website=newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org |language=en |archive-date=April 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424234121/https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/article/april-2021-general-conference-new-temples |url-status=live }}</ref>
The greater Eugene-Springfield area also has a [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] presence with five Kingdom Halls, several having multiple congregations in one Kingdom Hall.
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Eugene markets itself as "Track Town USA".<ref>{{cite web |date=July 17, 2022 |title=Fred Kerley runs down astonishing gold as US men sweep 100m at Worlds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jul/17/fred-kerley-runs-down-a-dream-gold-as-us-men-sweep-100m-at-worlds |access-date=July 18, 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=July 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725033130/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jul/17/fred-kerley-runs-down-a-dream-gold-as-us-men-sweep-100m-at-worlds |url-status=live }}</ref> There are close links between the University of Oregon's successful [[Oregon Ducks track and field|track & field program]], the [[Oregon Track Club]], and [[Nike, Inc.|Nike, Inc]], who were founded by University of Oregon track athlete [[Phil Knight]] and his coach, [[Bill Bowerman]].<ref>{{cite web |title=TRACKTOWN HISTORY & LEGACY {{!}} NEWS {{!}} WCH 22 {{!}} World Athletics |url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-championships/oregon22/news/news/tracktown-history-and-legacy |access-date=July 18, 2022 |website=worldathletics.org |archive-date=July 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716005555/https://www.worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-championships/oregon22/news/news/tracktown-history-and-legacy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Morse |first=Parker |date=June 3, 2011 |title=Why Eugene is TrackTown, U.S.A |url=https://www.runnersworld.com/advanced/a20829281/why-eugene-is-tracktown-u-s-a/ |access-date=July 18, 2022 |website=Runner's World |language=en-US |archive-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711162108/https://www.runnersworld.com/advanced/a20829281/why-eugene-is-tracktown-u-s-a/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Eugene's miles of running trails, through its unusually large park system, are among the most extensive in the U.S.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} Notable trails include [[Pre's Trail]] in Alton Baker Park,
Jogging was introduced to the U.S. through Eugene, brought from [[New Zealand]] by Bill Bowerman, who wrote the best-selling book "Jogging", and coached the champion University of Oregon track and cross country teams. During Bowerman's tenure, his "Men of Oregon" won 24 individual [[NCAA]] titles, including titles in 15 out of the 19 events contested. During Bowerman's 24 years at Oregon, his track teams finished in the top ten at the NCAA championships 16 times, including four team titles (1962, '64, '65, '70), and two second-place trophies. His teams also posted a dual meet record of 114–20.
Bowerman also invented the waffle sole for running shoes in Eugene, and with Oregon alumnus [[Phil Knight]] founded shoe giant Nike. The city has dozens of running clubs. The climate is cool and temperate, good both for jogging and record-setting. Eugene is home to the University of Oregon's Hayward Field track, which hosts numerous collegiate and amateur track and field meets throughout the year, most notably the [[Prefontaine Classic]]. Hayward Field was host to the 2004 [[AAU Junior Olympic Games]], the 1989 [[World Masters Athletics Championships]], the track and field events of the 1998 [[World Masters Games]], the 2006 [[Pacific-10 Conference|Pacific-10]] track and field championships, the 1971, 1975, 1986, 1993, 1999, 2001, 2009, and 2011 [[USA Track & Field Outdoor Championships]] and the 1972, 1976, 1980, 2008, 2012, and 2016 [[United States Olympic Trials (track and field)|U.S. Olympic trials]]. Eugene
[[File:Autzen stadium from the air DJI 07 31 24.jpg|thumb|184x184px|Eugene's Autzen Stadium]]
Eugene's [[Oregon Ducks]] are part of the [[
The [[Nationwide Tour]]'s golfing event [[Oregon Classic]] takes place at Shadow Hills Country Club, just north of Eugene. The event has been played every year since 1998, except in 2001 when it was slated to begin the day after the [[9/11]] terrorist attacks. The top 20 players from the Nationwide Tour are promoted to the PGA Tour for the following year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oregonclassic.com/History.htm |title=The history of the Oregon Classic |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719043604/http://www.oregonclassic.com/History.htm |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |work=Oregon Classic |access-date=October 9, 2010}}</ref>
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| style="text-align:left;" |[[American football|Football]], Basketball, [[Track and Field]], [[Softball]], Volleyball, Golf, Tennis, Baseball, [[Lacrosse]], Ice hockey, Soccer, [[ultimate (sport)|Ultimate]]
| style="text-align:left;" |1876
| style="text-align:left;" |[[National Collegiate Athletic Association]]: [[
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Autzen Stadium]], [[Matthew Knight Arena]], [[PK Park]], [[Hayward Field]]
|-
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| style="text-align:left;" |1895
| style="text-align:left;" |[[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics]], [[Cascade Conference|Cascade Collegiate Conference]]
| style="text-align:left;" |
|-
||[[New Hope Christian College]] [[Deacons]]
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| style="text-align:left;" |1925
| style="text-align:left;" |
| style="text-align:left;" |
|-
||[[Eugene Emeralds]]
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| style="text-align:left;" |[[Lane Community College]]
|-
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Rugby union|Rugby]]
| style="text-align:left;" |1973
| style="text-align:left;" |
| style="text-align:left;" |
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| style="text-align:left;" |2006
| style="text-align:left;" |[[International Basketball League]]
| style="text-align:left;" |
|-
||[[Eugene Generals]]
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Ice hockey]]
| style="text-align:left;" |2005
| style="text-align:left;" |
| style="text-align:left;" |Lane County Ice Center
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==Parks and recreation==
[[File:Hendricks Park.jpg|thumb|[[Hendricks Park]]]]
Spencer Butte Park at the southern edge of town provides access to Spencer Butte, a dominant feature of Eugene's skyline. [[Hendricks Park]], situated on a knoll to the east of downtown, is known for its [[rhododendron]] garden and nearby memorial to Steve Prefontaine, known as [[Steve Prefontaine#Death|Pre's Rock]], where the legendary University of Oregon runner was killed in an auto accident. [[Alton Baker Park]], next to the Willamette River, contains Pre's Trail. Also next to the Willamette are Skinner Butte Park<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eugene-or.gov/Facilities/Facility/Details/55 |title=City Facilities - Skinner Butte Park |date=2014 |access-date=August 24, 2014 |website=Eugene, OR |archive-date=August 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114931/https://www.eugene-or.gov/Facilities/Facility/Details/55 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the Owen Memorial Rose Garden, which contains more than 4,500 roses of over 400 varieties,<ref>{{cite web |title=Owen Rose Garden |url=http://www.eugene-or.gov/facilities.aspx?RID=124&Page=detail |publisher=City of Eugene |access-date=December 31, 2012 |archive-date=October 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025040936/http://eugene-or.gov/Facilities.aspx?Page=detail&RID=124 |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as the 150-year-old [[Black Tartarian]] Cherry tree,<ref>{{cite web |title=Black Tartarian Cherry at Owen Memorial Rose Garden |url=http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM4KCG |publisher=Waymark.com |access-date=February 11, 2009 |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606202917/http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM4KCG |url-status=live }}</ref> an
The city of Eugene maintains an [[urban forest]]. The University of Oregon campus is an [[arboretum]], with over 500 species of trees. The city operates and maintains scenic hiking trails that pass through and across the ridges of a cluster of hills in the southern portion of the city, on the fringe of residential neighborhoods. Some trails allow biking, and others are for hikers and runners only.
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According to statute, all Eugene and Lane County elections are officially non-partisan, with a primary containing all candidates in May. If a candidate gets more than 50% of the vote in the primary, they win the election outright, otherwise the top two candidates face off in a November runoff. This allows candidates to win seats during the lower-turnout primary election.
The mayor of Eugene is [[Lucy Vinis]], who has been in office since winning the popular vote in May 2016, and who was re-elected in May 2020. [[List of mayors of Eugene, Oregon|Recent mayors]] include Edwin Cone (1958–69), Les Anderson (1969–77) Gus Keller (1977–84), Brian Obie (1985–88), Jeff Miller (1989–92), [[Ruth Bascom]] (1993–96), [[Jim Torrey]] (1997–2004) and [[Kitty Piercy]] (
===Eugene City Council===
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The University of Oregon is served by the [[University of Oregon Police Department]],<ref>{{cite web |title=U of O Campus PD |url=http://police.uoregon.edu/ |access-date=December 31, 2012 |archive-date=December 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227103835/http://police.uoregon.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=about UODPS |url=http://police.uoregon.edu/node/85 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211633/http://police.uoregon.edu/node/85 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=December 31, 2012}}</ref> and Eugene Police Department also has a police station in the West University District near campus. Lane Community College is served by the Lane Community College Public Safety Department.<ref>{{cite web |title=LCCPSD |url=http://www2.lanecc.edu/psd/public-safety-services |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226060216/http://www2.lanecc.edu/psd/public-safety-services |archive-date=December 26, 2012 |access-date=December 31, 2012}}</ref> The [[Oregon State Police]] have a presence in the rural areas and highways around the Eugene metro area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Oregon state police |url=http://www.oregon.gov/osp/Pages/index.aspx |access-date=December 31, 2012 |archive-date=January 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101012553/http://www.oregon.gov/osp/Pages/index.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Lane Transit District|LTD]] downtown station, and the [[Emerald Express (EmX)|EmX]] lines are patrolled by [[Lane Transit District|LTD]] [[Transit police|Transit Officers]]. Since 1989 the mental health crisis intervention non-governmental agency [[CAHOOTS (crisis response)|CAHOOTS]] has responded to Eugene's mental health 911 calls.<ref name=":02">{{cite web |last=Villafranca |first=Omar |date=October 23, 2019 |title=An alternative to police: Mental health team responds to emergencies in Oregon |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mental-health-team-responds-to-emergencies-oregon-alternative-to-police-2019-10-23/ |access-date=June 9, 2020 |website=CBS News |language=en |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617131459/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mental-health-team-responds-to-emergencies-oregon-alternative-to-police-2019-10-23/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Elinson |first=Zusha |date=November 24, 2018 |title=When Mental-Health Experts, Not Police, Are the First Responders |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/when-mental-health-experts-not-police-are-the-first-responders-1543071600 |access-date=June 9, 2020 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=June 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609162605/https://www.wsj.com/articles/when-mental-health-experts-not-police-are-the-first-responders-1543071600 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Eugene used to have an ordinance which prohibited car horn usage for non-driving purposes. After several residents were cited for this offense during the anti-Gulf War demonstrations in January 1991, the city was taken to court and in 1992 the [[Oregon Court of Appeals]] overturned the ordinance, finding it unconstitutionally vague.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 4, 1992 |title=City of Eugene v. Powlowski |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/oregon/court-of-appeals/1992/116-or-app-186.html |access-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718185231/https://law.justia.com/cases/oregon/court-of-appeals/1992/116-or-app-186.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Eugene City Hall]] was abandoned in 2012 for reasons of structural integrity, energy efficiency, and obsolete size. Various offices of city government became tenants in eight other buildings.
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===Libraries===
[[File:EugenePublicLibrary.jpg|thumb|The Eugene Public Library]]
The largest library in Oregon is the University of Oregon's [[Knight Library]], with collections totaling more than 3 million volumes and over 100,000 audio and video items.<ref>{{cite web |title=UO Libraries quick facts |publisher=University of Oregon |date=March 12, 2009 |url=http://library.uoregon.edu/bmis/library_facts.html |access-date=May 1, 2009 |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117055340/http://library.uoregon.edu/bmis/library_facts.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Eugene Public Library]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eugene-or.gov/index.aspx?nid=130 |title=City of Eugene Public Library home page |access-date=December 31, 2012 |archive-date=December 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225115233/http://www.eugene-or.gov/index.aspx?NID=130 |url-status=live }}</ref> moved into a new, larger building downtown in 2002. The four-story library is an increase from {{convert|38000|to|130000|sqft|m2}}.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Noriko |last=Miyazaki |title=New Eugene public library celebrates its first birthday |newspaper=The Daily Emerald |date=January 12, 2004 |url=http://dailyemerald.com/2004/01/12/new-eugene-public-library-celebrates-its-first-birthday/ |access-date=May 28, 2007 |archive-date=August 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814035945/http://dailyemerald.com/2004/01/12/new-eugene-public-library-celebrates-its-first-birthday/ |url-status=live }}</ref> There are also two branches of the Eugene Public Library, the
==Media==
{{Main|Media in Eugene, Oregon}}
===Print===
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*[[KLSR-TV|KLSR]] (channel 34) ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]])
*[[KTVC]] (channel 36) (independent)
*
===Radio===
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*[[KKNX]] 840 Eugene – Classic Hits (Mielke Broadcasting)
*[[KORE]] 1050 Springfield – FOX Sports Radio
*[[KPNW (AM)|KPNW]] 1120 Eugene – NEWS/TALK (
*[[KRVM (AM)|KRVM]] 1280 Eugene – NPR News/Talk (Eugene School District) (JPR affiliate)
*[[KNND]] 1400 Cottage Grove – Classic Country (Reiten Communications Inc)
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*[[KUJZ]] 95.3 Creswell – Sports (Cumulus)
*[[KZEL]] 96.1 Eugene – Classic Rock (Cumulus)
*
*[[KEQB]] 97.7 Coburg - Regional Mexican (McKenzie River Broadcasting)
*[[KODZ]] 99.1 Eugene – '90s/'00s Hits (Bicoastal Media)
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====Air travel====
Air travel is served by the [[Eugene Airport]], also known as Mahlon Sweet Field, which is the fifth largest airport in the Northwest and second largest airport in [[Oregon]]. The Eugene Metro area also has numerous private airports.<ref>{{cite web|title=Appendix N Privately Owned Private Use Airports with Three or More Based Aircraft|url=https://www.oregon.gov/aviation/plans-and-programs/Documents/Land%20Use%20Compatibility%20Guidebook/ODA_Land-Use_Guidebook_Appendix%20N.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=City of Eugene Announcement of Opening: Airport Manager |url=http://www.eugene-or.gov/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_191084_0_0_18/airportmanagerbrochure.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721035612/http://www.eugene-or.gov/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_191084_0_0_18/airportmanagerbrochure.pdf |archive-date=July 21, 2011 |publisher=City of Eugene}}</ref> The Eugene Metro area also has several [[heliport]]s, such as the [[Sacred Heart Medical Center Heliport]] and Mahlon Sweet Field Heliport, and many single [[helipad]]s.
====Highways====
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===Utilities===
Eugene is the home of Oregon's largest publicly owned [[electric utility|water and power utility]], the [[Eugene Water & Electric Board]] (EWEB). EWEB got its start in the first decade of the 20th century, after an epidemic of [[typhoid]] found in the groundwater supply.<ref>[http://www.eweb.org/history "History of EWEB"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919053419/http://eweb.org/history |date=September 19, 2010}}. [[Eugene Water & Electric Board]]. Retrieved October 9, 2010.</ref> The City of Eugene condemned Eugene's private water utility and began treating river water (first the Willamette; later the McKenzie) for domestic use.{{
Natural gas service is provided by [[NW Natural]].
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===Healthcare===
Eugene is one of the few municipalities in the US that does not [[Water fluoridation|fluoridate]] its water supply.<ref name="floride">{{cite web |date=May 29, 2013 |title=Oregon's fluoride phobia - Portland, like Eugene, rejects water additive |url=http://projects.registerguard.com/rg/opinion/29938190-78/fluoride-fluoridation-dental-eugene-health.html.csp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190602164324/http://projects.registerguard.com/rg/opinion/29938190-78/fluoride-fluoridation-dental-eugene-health.html.csp |archive-date=June 2, 2019 |access-date=June 2, 2019 |website=The Register-Guard}}</ref>
==In popular culture==
*The [[Vertigo Comics|DC Vertigo]] [[comic book]] series ''[[iZombie (comic book)|iZombie]]'' is set in Eugene.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Templeton |first1=Molly |title='I, Zombie': The undead roam Eugene in a new comic series |url=https://eugeneweekly.com/2010/05/17/i-zombie-the-undead-roam-eugene-in-a-new-comic-series/ |website=Eugene Weekly |date=May 17, 2010 |access-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918155320/https://eugeneweekly.com/2010/05/17/i-zombie-the-undead-roam-eugene-in-a-new-comic-series/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Eugene is mentioned in ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode ''[[Margical History Tour]]'' and the ''[[Futurama]]'' episode ''[[The 30% Iron Chef]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Palmer |first1=Susan |date=February 10, 2004 |title=It's No Joke: Eugene Gets a Plug on 'The Simpsons' |work=The Register-Guard |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/IT%27S+NO+JOKE%3A+EUGENE+GETS+A+PLUG+ON+%27THE+SIMPSONS%27.-a0113206410 |access-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918155319/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/IT%27S+NO+JOKE%3A+EUGENE+GETS+A+PLUG+ON+%27THE+SIMPSONS%27.-a0113206410 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lundin |first1=Ben |title=The Oregon bum |url=https://archive.psuvanguard.com/the-oregon-bum/ |website=Vanguard |date=July 14, 2009 |access-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918155322/https://archive.psuvanguard.com/the-oregon-bum/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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==See also==
* [[Equal Vote Coalition]]
* {{portal-inline|Oregon}}
* {{portal-inline|Pacific Northwest}}
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[[Category:1846 establishments in Oregon Country]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Willamette River]]
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