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{{Short description|Second largest city in Oregon, United States}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=
{{Infobox settlement
| name
| settlement_type
| nicknames
| motto
| image_skyline = {{Photo
| photo1a = Eugene panorama (cropped).jpg
| photo2a = 102707-Oregon-Autzen-USC-UO-Sanchezpass.jpg
| photo2b = Lane County Farmers Market, Eugene Oregon.jpg
| photo4a = Whilamut Passage Bridge (11196344303) (narrow).jpg
| size = 290
}}<br />
|
| image_caption = Clockwise from top: Panorama taken from [[Skinner Butte]], the [[Lane County Farmers Market]], [[Whilamut Passage Bridge]], [[University of Oregon]] [[Autzen Stadium]]
| image_flag =
|
| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|zoom=4|type=point|title=Eugene|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080}}
|
| pushpin_map = USA Oregon#USA#North America
| subdivision_type = Country
|
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Oregon|County]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|United States}}
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Oregon}}
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lane County, Oregon|Lane]]
| government_type = [[Council–manager]]
| leader_title = [[List of mayors of Eugene, Oregon|Mayor]]
|
| leader_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]
| leader_title1 = City manager
| leader_name1 = Sarah Medary{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}
| established_title = Founded
| established_title2 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|
| established_date2 = October 17, 1862
|
| area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web |title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory |url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE%3D%2741%27&outFields=NAME%2CSTATE%2CPLACE%2CAREALAND%2CAREAWATER%2CLSADC%2CCENTLAT%2CCENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=February 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213084631/https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE%3D%2741%27&outFields=NAME%2CSTATE%2CPLACE%2CAREALAND%2CAREAWATER%2CLSADC%2CCENTLAT%2CCENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json |url-status=live }}</ref>
| area_magnitude =
|
|
| area_water_km2 = 0.18
| area_total_sq_mi = 44.29
| area_land_sq_mi = 44.22
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.07
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_est =
| pop_est_as_of =
| population_rank = US: [[List of United States cities by population|148th]]
| population_total = 176654
| population_urban = 270,179 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|151st]])<ref name="urban area">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html |title=List of 2020 Census Urban Areas |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 7, 2023 |archive-date=January 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114022812/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_density_urban_km2 = 1,419.6
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 3,676.6
| population_metro = 382,971 (US: [[List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas|146th]])
| population_density_km2 = 1542.50
| population_density_sq_mi = 3995.07
| population_demonym
| population_footnotes
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Lane County, OR |url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPALL41039|work=[[Federal Reserve Economic Data]] |publisher=[[Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis]]}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Metro
| demographics2_info1 = $20.913 billion (2022)
| timezone = [[Pacific Standard Time|PST]]
|
|
|
| coordinates = {{Wikidatacoord|Q171224|type:city_region:US-OR|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft = 413
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code = 97401–97405, 97408, 97440
|
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 41-23850
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 2410460<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2410460}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|http://www.eugene-or.gov/}}
}}
'''Eugene''' ({{IPAc-en|j|uː|ˈ|dʒ|iː|n}} {{respell|yoo|JEEN}}) is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Lane County, Oregon]], United States. It is located at the southern end of the [[Willamette Valley]], near the confluence of the [[McKenzie River (Oregon)|McKenzie]] and [[Willamette River|Willamette]] rivers, about {{convert|50|mi|km}} east of the [[Oregon Coast]].<ref>{{cite web |title
The [[List of cities in Oregon|second-most populous city]] in Oregon, Eugene had a population of 176,654 as of the [[2020 United States census]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/eugenecityoregon |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Eugene city, Oregon |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=July 20, 2022 |archive-
Eugene is home to the [[University of Oregon]], [[Bushnell University]], and [[Lane Community College]].<ref>{{cite web |title
==History==
===Indigenous presence===
The first people to settle in the Eugene area were the [[Kalapuya]]ns, also written Calapooia or Calapooya. They made "seasonal rounds," moving around the countryside to collect and preserve local foods, including acorns, the bulbs of the [[Sagittaria latifolia|wapato]] and [[Camassia|camas]] plants, and berries. They stored these foods in their permanent winter village. When crop activities waned, they returned to their winter villages and took up hunting, fishing, and trading.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ndnhistoryresearch.wordpress.com/2016/11/08/kalapuyans-seasonal-lifeways-tek-anthropolocene/ |title=Kalapuyans: Seasonal Lifeways, Tek, Anthropocene |date=November 8, 2016 |website=NDN History Research: Critical and Indigenous Anthropology |last1=Lewis, Ph.D |first1=David G. |access-date=December 28, 2016 |archive-date=April 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405172459/https://ndnhistoryresearch.wordpress.com/2016/11/08/kalapuyans-seasonal-lifeways-tek-anthropolocene/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The First Oregonians |date=2007 |publisher=Oregon Council for the Humanities |isbn=9781880377024 |edition=2nd |location=Portland, Oregon |pages=307–315 |last1=Berg |first1=Laura}}</ref> They were known as the Chifin Kalapuyans and called the Eugene area where they lived "Chifin", sometimes recorded as "Chafin" or "Chiffin".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ndnhistoryresearch.wordpress.com/2016/05/23/chafin-band-reservation-and-village-1855/ |title=Chafin Band Reservation and Village 1855 |date=May 23, 2016 |website=NDN History Research: Critical and Indigenous Anthropology |last1=Lewis, Ph.D. |first1=David G. |access-date=December 28, 2016 |archive-date=April 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405172422/https://ndnhistoryresearch.wordpress.com/2016/05/23/chafin-band-reservation-and-village-1855/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.springfield.k12.or.us/Page/738 |title=Chifin Native Youth Center |website=Springfield Public Schools |publisher=Springfield, Oregon, Public Schools |access-date=December 28, 2016 |archive-date=August 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825073907/https://www.springfield.k12.or.us/Page/738 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Honey bee on camas 3.jpg|thumb|Camas flower]]
Other Kalapuyan tribes occupied villages that are also now within Eugene city limits. Pee-you or Mohawk Calapooians, Winefelly or Pleasant Hill Calapooians, and the Lungtum or Long Tom. They were close-neighbors to the Chifin, intermarried, and were political allies. Some authorities suggest the Brownsville Kalapuyans (Calapooia Kalapuyans) were related to the Pee-you. It is likely that since the Santiam had an alliance with the Brownsville Kalapuyans that the Santiam influence also went as far at Eugene.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ndnhistoryresearch.wordpress.com/2014/12/08/chifin-kalapuya-village/ |title=Chifin Kalapuya Village |last=Lewis, Ph.D. |first=David G. |date=December 8, 2014 |website=NDN History Research: Critical and Indigenous Anthropology |access-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-date=April 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405172505/https://ndnhistoryresearch.wordpress.com/2014/12/08/chifin-kalapuya-village/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
According to archeological evidence, the ancestors of the Kalapuyans may have been in Eugene for as long as 10,000 years.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Kalapuyans: A Sourcebook on the Indians of the Willamette Valley |last=Mackey, Ph.D. |first=Harold |publisher=Mission Mill Museum Association, Inc.and the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde |year=2004 |isbn=9780975348406 |location=Salem, Oregon, and Grand Ronde, Oregon |pages=1–2}}</ref> In the 1800s their traditional way of life faced significant changes due to devastating epidemics and settlement, first by French fur traders and later by an overwhelming number of American settlers.<ref>{{Cite book |title=At the Hearth of Crossed Races: A French Indian Community in Nineteenth-Century Oregon, 1812-1859 |last=Jette |first=Melinda Marie |publisher=Oregon State University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780870715976 |location=Corvallis, Oregon}}</ref>
===Settlement and impact===
[[File:Kalapuya-Man.jpg|alt=19th Century book illustration, attributed by the Library of Congress at https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2001696060/ to the artist Alfred T. Agate (
[[North American fur trade|French fur traders]] had settled seasonally in the Willamette Valley by the beginning of the 19th century. Their settlements were concentrated in the "French Prairie" community in Northern Marion County but may have extended south to the Eugene area. Having already developed relationships with Native communities through intermarriage and trade, they negotiated for land from the Kalapuyans. By 1828 to 1830 they and their Native wives began year-round occupation of the land, raising crops and tending animals. In this process, the mixed race families began to impact Native access to land, food supply, and traditional materials for trade and religious practices.<ref>{{Cite book |title=At the Hearth of Crossed Races: A French Indian Community in Nineteenth Century Oregon, 1812-1859 |last=Jette |first=Melinda Marie |publisher=Oregon State University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780870715976 |location=Corvallis, Oregon |pages=
In July 1830, "intermittent fever" struck the lower Columbia region and a year later, the Willamette Valley. Natives traced the arrival of the disease, then new to the [[Pacific Northwest]], to the ''USS Owyhee'', captained by John Dominis. "Intermittent fever" is thought by researchers now to be [[malaria]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=At the Hearth of Crossed Races: A French Indian Community in Nineteenth Century Oregon, 1812-1859 |last=Jette |first=Melinda Marie |publisher=Oregon State University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780870715976 |location=Corvallis, Oregon |pages=61–69}}</ref> According to Robert T. Boyd, an anthropologist at Portland State University, the first three years of the epidemic, "probably constitute the single most important epidemiological event in the recorded history of what would eventually become the state of Oregon". In his book ''The Coming of the Spirit Pestilence'' Boyd reports there was a 92% population loss for the Kalapuyans between 1830 and 1841.<ref>{{Cite book |title=At the Hearth of Crossed Races: A French Indian Community in Nineteenth Century Oregon, 1812-1859 |last=Jette |first=Melinda Marie |publisher=Oregon State University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780870715976 |location=Corvallis, Oregon |pages=65–67}}</ref> This catastrophic event shattered the social fabric of Kalapuyan society and altered the demographic balance in the Valley. This balance was further altered over the next few years by the arrival of Anglo-American settlers, beginning in 1840 with 13 people and growing steadily each year until within 20 years more than 11,000 American settlers, including Eugene Skinner, had arrived.<ref>{{Cite book |title=At the Hearth of Crossed Races: A French Indian Community in Nineteenth Century Oregon, 1812-1859 |last=Jette |first=Melinda Marie |publisher=Oregon State University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780870715976 |location=Corvallis, Oregon |page=139}}</ref>
As the demographic pressure from the settlers grew, the remaining Kalapuyans were forcibly removed to [[Indian reservation]]s. Though some Natives avoided transfer into the reservation, most were moved to the [[Grand Ronde Community|Grand Ronde reservation]] in 1856.<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest |last=Ruby |first=Robert, MD, John A. Brown, Cary C. Collins |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=2010 |isbn=9780806140247 |location=Norman, Oklahoma |page=14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The First Oregonians, Second Edition |last=Berg |first=Laura |publisher=Oregon Council for the Humanities |year=2007 |isbn=9781880377024 |location=Portland, Oregon |page=127}}</ref> Strict racial segregation was enforced and mixed race people, known as [[North American fur trade#Métis people|Métis]] in French, had to make a choice between the reservation and Anglo-American society. Native Americans could not leave the reservation without traveling papers and white people could not enter the reservation.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The First Oregonians, Second Edition |last=Berg |first=Laura |publisher=Oregon Council for the Humanities |year=2007 |isbn=9781880377024 |location=Portland, Oregon |page=126}}</ref>
[[File:Skinner Cabin Plaque.jpg|thumb|Replica of Skinner's original cabin]]
[[Eugene Skinner|Eugene Franklin Skinner]], after whom Eugene is named, arrived in the [[Willamette Valley]] in 1846 with 1,200 other settlers that year. Advised by the Kalapuyans to build on high ground to avoid flooding, he erected the first pioneer cabin<ref>{{cite web |last=Skinner |first=Eugene |date=2009 |title=Photo and text - Eugene Skinner |url=http://lanecounty.pastperfect-online.com/33692cgi/mweb.exe?request=record;id=E0430570-95FD-4021-A07A-488130455136;type=102 |access-date=March 11, 2017 |website=Lane County Historical Society |archive-date=April 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405171119/http://lanecounty.pastperfect-online.com/33692cgi/mweb.exe?request=record;id=E0430570-95FD-4021-A07A-488130455136;type=102 |url-status=live }}</ref> on south or west slope of what the Kalapuyans called Ya-po-ah. The "isolated hill" is now known as [[Skinner Butte|Skinner's Butte]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zenk |first=Henry |year=2008 |title=Notes on Native American Place-names of the Willamette Valley Region |journal=Oregon Historical Quarterly |volume=109 |pages=6–33 |doi=10.1353/ohq.2008.0092 |s2cid=165355383
At this time the settlement was known by settlers as Skinner's Mudhole. It was relocated in 1853 and named Eugene City in 1853.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Eugene, Oregon, United States |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Eugene-Oregon |access-date=March 11, 2017 |website=www.britannica.com |archive-date=March 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306044800/https://www.britannica.com/place/Eugene-Oregon |url-status=live }}</ref> Formally incorporated as a city in 1862, it was
=== Educational institutions ===
The first major educational institution in the area was [[Columbia College (Oregon)|Columbia College]], founded a few years earlier than the University of Oregon. It fell victim to two major fires in four years, and after the second fire, the college decided not to rebuild again.<ref name="ohq 1955">{{cite journal |last=Morrison |first=Perry D. |date=December 1955 |title=Columbia College 1856-60 |journal=Oregon Historical Quarterly |publisher=Oregon Historical Society |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=326–351 |jstor=20612220}}</ref> The part of south Eugene known as College Hill was the former location of Columbia College. There is no college there today.<ref name="Survey">[http://02c9d6e.netsolhost.com/archive_docs/history_college_hill.html College Hill Neighborhood and History.] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803054747/http://02c9d6e.netsolhost.com/archive_docs/history_college_hill.html |date=August 3, 2017 }} College Hill Cultural Resource Survey (1988).</ref>
The town raised the initial funding to start a public university, which later became the [[University of Oregon]], with the hope of turning the small town into a center of learning. In 1872, the [[Oregon Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] passed a bill creating the University of Oregon as a state institution. Eugene bested the nearby town of [[Albany, Oregon|Albany]] in the competition for the state university. In 1873, community member [[James Henry Dickey Henderson|J.H.D. Henderson]] donated the hilltop land for the campus, overlooking the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/terryrichard/2012/11/university_of_oregon_history_i.html |title=University of Oregon history in a nutshell, from campus historian |last1=Richard |first1=Terry |last2=O'Neal |first2=Jennifer |date=
Other universities in Eugene include [[Bushnell University]] and [[New Hope Christian College]].
=== Twentieth century ===
[[File:Oregon - Eugene - NARA - 68147382 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Downtown Eugene in 1925]]
Eugene grew rapidly throughout most of the twentieth century, with the exception being the early 1980s when a downturn in the timber industry caused high unemployment. By 1985, the industry had recovered and Eugene began to attract more high-tech industries, earning it the moniker the "Emerald Shire". In 2012, Eugene and the surrounding metro area was dubbed the [[Silicon shire]].
The first Nike shoe was used in 1972 during the US Olympic trials held in Eugene.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/inside-niketown-how-eugene-oregon-became-the-centre-of-the-latest-athletics-controversy-a6774861.html |title=How 'Niketown' became the centre of the latest athletics controversy |date=
=== Activism ===
{{Main|Community activism in Eugene, Oregon}}
The 1970s saw an increase in community activism. Local activists stopped a proposed freeway and lobbied for the construction of the [[Washington Jefferson Park]] beneath the Washington-Jefferson Street Bridge. Community Councils soon began to form as a result of these efforts.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 3, 1978 |title=Tiny Neighborhood Fights For Its Life |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gq5VAAAAIBAJ&pg=4899,579812&dq |access-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718193921/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gq5VAAAAIBAJ&pg=4899,579812&dq |url-status=live }}</ref> A notable impact of the turn to community-organized politics came with [[Eugene Local Measure 51]], a ballot measure in 1978 that repealed a gay rights ordinance approved by the Eugene City Council in 1977 that prohibited discrimination by sexual orientation. Eugene is also home to [[Beyond Toxics]], a nonprofit environmental justice organization founded in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Beyond Toxics {{!}} Eugene, OR {{!}} Cause IQ |url=https://www.causeiq.com/organizations/beyond-toxics,931294227/ |access-date=January 22, 2022 |website=www.causeiq.com |archive-
One hotspot for protest activity since the 1990s has been the [[Whiteaker, Eugene, Oregon|Whiteaker]] district, located in the northwest of downtown Eugene. The Whiteaker is primarily a [[working-class]] neighborhood that has become a cultural hub, center of community and activism and home to alternative artists. It saw an increase of activity in the 1990s after many young people drawn to Eugene's political climate relocated there.<ref name="harpers.org">{{cite magazine |date=May 5, 2000 |title=Notes from Underground: Among the radicals of the Pacific Northwest |magazine=Harper's Magazine |volume=May 2000 |url=https://harpers.org/archive/2000/05/notes-from-underground/ |access-date=July 18, 2020 |last1=Samuels |first1=David |archive-date=July 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719121253/https://harpers.org/archive/2000/05/notes-from-underground/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Animal rights groups have had a heavy presence in the Whiteaker, and several [[vegan]] restaurants are located there. According to [[David Samuels (writer)|David Samuels]], the [[Animal Liberation Front]] and the [[Earth Liberation Front]] have had an underground presence in the neighborhood.<ref name="harpers">{{cite news |last=Samuels |first=David |author-link=David Samuels (writer) |date=May 2000 |title=Notes from underground: Among the radicals of the Pacific Northwest |pages=35–47 |newspaper=Harpers}}</ref> The neighborhood is home to a number of communal apartment buildings, which are often organized by anarchist or environmentalist groups. Local activists have also produced independent films and started art galleries, community gardens, and independent media outlets. [[Copwatch]], [[Food Not Bombs]], and [[Critical Mass (cycling)|Critical Mass]] are also active in the neighborhood.<ref name="ew">{{cite news |last=Abraham |first=Kera |date=November 9, 2006 |title=Flames of Dissent |newspaper=Eugene Weekly |url=http://www.eugeneweekly.com/2006/11/09/news1.html |access-date=November 15, 2011 |archive-date=February 9, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209061339/http://www.eugeneweekly.com/2006/11/09/news1.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
The 21st century has seen continued environmental and social justice activism. In 2011, the [[Occupy Eugene]] protests from October to December occurred in connection with the [[Occupy Wall Street]] movement, and these local protests included around 2000 participants.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=The Oregonian News |date=2011-10-15 |title='Occupy Eugene' march planned Saturday afternoon |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/2011/10/occupy_eugene_march_planned_sa.html |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=oregonlive |language=en}}</ref> In 2020, George Floyd protests occurred in May and June, including peaceful demonstrations and riots. These protests in connection with the nationwide [[2020 George Floyd protests]] resulted in increased consciousness towards Eugene's black history and race issues and resulted in the renaming of [[University Hall (University of Oregon)|University Hall]] and the toppling of the Pioneer and Pioneer mother statues at the University of Oregon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=News |date=2020-05-29 |title=March in Eugene to protest George Floyd death takes destructive turn |url=https://kval.com/news/local/people-march-chant-in-streets-of-downtown-eugene-to-protest-george-floyd-death |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=KVAL |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=E. W. |date=2020-06-11 |title=Fighting for Change |url=https://eugeneweekly.com/2020/06/11/fighting-for-change/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Eugene Weekly |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.dailyemerald.com/news/breaking-protesters-tear-down-pioneer-statues-after-deady-hall-protest/article_3526f140-adec-11ea-8f06-2bb6cab42c73.html}}</ref> In 2023 and 2024, pro-Palestinian demonstrations were organized by many different activist groups across the city, and saw major events like marches with hundreds of participants, the April 15th, 2024 I-5 protest which blocked southbound I-5 traffic for hours and resulted in the largest mass arrests in Eugene activist history <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desaulniers |first=Robert |date=2024-04-15 |title=More than 50 arrested after protest that shut down Interstate 5 Monday morning |url=https://www.kezi.com/news/more-than-50-arrested-after-protest-that-shut-down-interstate-5-monday-morning/article_1df18bc0-fb4f-11ee-bee2-f7775b004319.html |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=KEZI 9 News |language=en}}</ref> and the "Popular University for Gaza" encampment at the University of Oregon in May of 2024 as part of the [[2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses|2024 pro-Palestinian protests on college campuses]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Oregon students set up encampment to protest Gaza conflict |url=https://www.opb.org/article/2024/04/30/university-of-oregon-students-set-up-encampment-to-protest-gaza-conflict/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=opb |language=en}}</ref>
==Geography==
[[File:Eugene skyline crop.jpg|thumb|upright|450px|alt=The flat-roofed buildings of downtown Eugene in front of Spencer Butte, a prominent forested hill|[[Spencer Butte]] can be seen from much of the city.]]
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|43.74|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|43.72|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.02|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 12, 2012
To the north of downtown is [[Skinner Butte]]. Northeast of the city are the [[Coburg Hills]]. [[Spencer Butte]] is a prominent landmark south of the city. [[Mount Pisgah (Lane County, Oregon)|Mount Pisgah]] is southeast of Eugene and includes the [[Mount Pisgah Arboretum]] and the [[Howard Buford Recreation Area]], a Lane County Park. Eugene is surrounded by foothills and forests to the south, east, and west, while to the north the land levels out into the Willamette Valley and consists of mostly farmland.
The [[Willamette River|Willamette]] and [[McKenzie River (Oregon)|McKenzie]] Rivers run through Eugene and its neighboring city, [[Springfield, Oregon|Springfield]]. Another important stream is [[Amazon Creek]], whose headwaters are near Spencer Butte. The creek discharges into the [[Long Tom River]] north [[Fern Ridge Reservoir]], maintained for winter flood control by the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|Army Corps of Engineers]]. The [[Eugene Yacht Club]] hosts a sailing school and sailing regattas at Fern Ridge during summer months.<ref>{{cite web |url
===Neighborhoods===
Eugene has 21 <ref>{{cite web |title=City of Eugene Neighborhoods |url=https://www.eugene-or.gov/4486/Neighborhoods |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=eugene-or.gov |publisher=}}</ref> neighborhood associations:
{{div col |colwidth=18em}}
*[[Amazon, Eugene, Oregon|Amazon]] Neighbors Association
*[[Cal Young, Eugene, Oregon|Cal Young]] Neighborhood Association
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*Downtown Neighborhood Association
*[[Fairmount, Eugene, Oregon|Fairmount]] Neighbors Association
*[[Friendly, Eugene, Oregon|Friendly]] Area Neighbors
*[[Goodpasture Island, Eugene, Oregon|Goodpasture Island]] Neighbors
*[[Harlow, Eugene, Oregon|Harlow]] Neighbors
*[[Industrial Corridor, Eugene, Oregon|Industrial Corridor]]
*[[Jefferson Westside, Eugene, Oregon|Jefferson Westside]] Neighbors
*[[Laurel Hill Valley, Eugene, Oregon|Laurel Hill Valley]] Citizens
*[[Northeast, Eugene, Oregon|Northeast]] Neighbors
*[[River Road, Oregon|River Road]] Community Organization
*[[Santa Clara, Eugene, Oregon|Santa Clara]] Community Organization (including [[Irving, Eugene, Oregon|Irving]])
*[[South University, Eugene, Oregon|South University]] Neighborhood Association
*[[Southeast, Eugene, Oregon|Southeast]] Neighbors
*Southwest Hills Neighborhood Association
*[[Trainsong, Eugene, Oregon|Trainsong]] Neighbors
*[[West Eugene, Eugene, Oregon|West Eugene]] Community Organization
*[[West University, Eugene, Oregon|West University]] Neighbors
*[[Whiteaker, Eugene, Oregon|Whiteaker]] Community Council
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=== Climate ===
Like the rest of the [[Willamette Valley]], Eugene lies in the [[Marine west coast|Marine West Coast]] climate zone, with [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] characteristics. Under the Köppen climate classification scheme, Eugene has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csb''). Temperatures can vary from cool to warm, with warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Spring and fall are also moist seasons, with light rain falling for long periods. The average rainfall is {{convert|40.83|in|mm|sigfig=3}}, with the wettest "rain year" being from July 1973 to June 1974 with {{convert|75.59|in|mm|1}} and the driest from July 2000 to June 2001 with {{convert|20.40|in|mm|1}}.<ref name="NOAA" /> Measurements taken by NOAA over the past four decades have indicated a significant decline in average annual precipitation. From 1981 to 2010 inclusive, the reported annual average precipitation was {{convert|46.1|in|mm|sigfig=3}},<ref>Precipitation figures based on measurements taken at EUG Mahlon Sweet Airport.</ref><ref name="ncei.noaa.gov">{{cite web
Winter snowfall does occur, but it is sporadic and rarely accumulates in large amounts: the normal seasonal amount is {{convert|4.9|in|cm}}, but the median is zero.<ref name="NOAA" /> The record snowfall was {{convert|41.7|in|cm}} of accumulation due to a [[pineapple express]] on January 25–29, 1969.<ref name="NOAA" /> Ice storms, like snowfall, are rare, but occur sporadically.
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The hottest months are July and August, with a normal monthly mean temperature of {{convert|67.8|to|67.9|°F|°C|1}}, with an average of 16 days per year reaching {{convert|90|F|C}}. The coolest month is December, with a mean temperature of {{convert|40.6|°F|1}}, and there are 52 mornings per year with a low at or below freezing, and 2 afternoons with highs not exceeding the freezing mark.<ref name="NOAA" /> The coldest daytime high of the year averages {{convert|32|F|C}}, reaching the freezing point.<ref name="NOAA" />
[[File:Snow in Eugene.JPG
Eugene's average annual temperature is {{convert|53.1|°F|1}}, and annual precipitation at {{convert|40.83|in|mm|sigfig=3}}.<ref name="NCDC txt KEUG" /> Eugene is slightly cooler on average than [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]. Despite being located about {{convert|100|mi|sigfig=2}} south and at an only slightly higher elevation, Eugene has a more [[continental climate]] than Portland, less subject to the maritime air that blows inland from the Pacific Ocean via the Columbia River. Eugene's normal annual mean minimum is {{convert|41.9|°F|1}},<ref name="NOAA" /> compared to {{convert|46.2|°F|1}} in Portland;<ref>{{cite web |title=Station Name: OR PORTLAND INTL AP |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00024229.normals.txt |access-date=
Extreme temperatures range from {{convert|-12|°F|0}}, recorded on December 8, 1972, to {{convert|111|°F|0}} on June 27, 2021; the record cold daily maximum is {{convert|19|°F|0}}, recorded on December 13, 1919, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is {{convert|71|°F|0}} on July 22, 2006.<ref name="NOAA" />
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| source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA >{{cite web |url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pqr |title=NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=April 19, 2018 |archive-date=February 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217125347/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pqr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name = NOAA2>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00024221&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Eugene Mahlon Sweet AP, OR |access-date=December 30, 2022 |archive-date=December 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230175102/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00024221&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NCDC txt KEUG">{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00094224.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: OR ASTORIA RGNL AP |access-date=April 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306053108/ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00094224.normals.txt |archive-date=March 6, 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 = Weather Atlas (UV)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/oregon-usa/eugene-climate |title=Climate and monthly weather forecast Eugene, OR |access-date=August 16, 2022 |archive-date=August 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816091051/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/oregon-usa/eugene-climate |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
====Air quality and allergies====
Eugene is downwind of Willamette Valley grass seed farms.<ref>{{cite web |last=Houtman |first=Nick |date=April 24, 2009 |title=Where grass seed is king |url=https://terra.oregonstate.edu/2009/04/where-grass-seed-is-king/ |access-date=October 22, 2009 |publisher=Oregon State University |archive-date=November 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115071037/http://terra.oregonstate.edu/2009/04/where-grass-seed-is-king/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The combination of summer grass pollen and the confining shape of the hills around Eugene make it "the area of the highest grass pollen counts in the USA (>1,500 pollen grains/m<sup>3</sup> of air)."<ref>Taylor, Phillip E.; Jacobson, Kraig W.; House, James M.; Glovsky, M. Michael. (2007). "Links between Pollen, Atopy and the Asthma Epidemic" ''International Archives of Allergy and Immunology''; 144:162–170</ref> These high pollen counts have led to difficulties for some track athletes who compete in Eugene. In the Olympic trials in 1972, "[[Jim Ryun]] won the 1,500 after being flown in by helicopter because he was allergic to Eugene's grass seed pollen."<ref>{{cite web |last=Borzilleri |first=Meri-Jo |date=June 8, 2007 |title=Hayward Field is as storied as Prefontaine himself |url=
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
| 1860 = 1183
| 1870 = 861
| 1880 = 1117
|
| 1890n = <ref>Allan, Stuart; Buckley, Aileen R.; Meacham, James E.; Loy, William G. (2001), Atlas of Oregon (2. ed ed.), Eugene, Or: University of Oregon Pr, ISBN 978-0-87114-101-9</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1960 = 50977
| 1970 = 79028
| 1980 = 105664
| 1990 = 112669
| 2000 = 137893
| 2010 = 156185
| 2020 = 176654
| estyear = 2022
| estimate = 179887
| estref = <ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html |title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates |access-date=May 21, 2020 |archive-date=July 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701194657/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| footnote = Sources:<ref name="Census1960">{{cite web |title=Number of Inhabitants: Oregon |url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/37749197v1p39ch2.pdf |work=18th Census of the United States |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=November 22, 2013 |archive-date=August 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818094711/https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/37749197v1p39ch2.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Census1990">{{cite web |title=Oregon: Population and Housing Unit Counts |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-39.pdf |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=November 22, 2013 |archive-date=July 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724071607/https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-39.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108 |title=Census Population API |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=February 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213085226/https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Eugene, Oregon – Racial and ethnic composition'''
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web |title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Eugene city, Oregon |url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US4123850&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004 |publisher=
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web |title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Eugene city, Oregon |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2010.P2?q=p2&g=160XX00US4123850&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=February 25, 2024 |archive-date=February 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225210517/https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2010.P2?q=p2&g=160XX00US4123850&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web |title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Eugene city, Oregon |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P2?q=p2&g=160XX00US4123850&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=February 25, 2024 |archive-date=February 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225210518/https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P2?q=p2&g=160XX00US4123850&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
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===2010 census===
According to the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], Eugene's population was 156,185.<ref name="2010 Census">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn43.html |title=U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Oregon's 2010 Census Population Totals |date=February 23, 2011 |publisher=2010.census.gov |access-date=December 31, 2012 |archive-date=December 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121229224634/http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn43.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The population density was 3,572.2 people per square mile. There were 69,951 housing units at an average density of 1,600 per square mile.<ref name="PSUCensus2010">{{cite web |title=2010 Census profiles: Oregon cities alphabetically D-G |url=http://www.pdx.edu/sites/www.pdx.edu.prc/files/media_assets/2010_PL94_cities_D-G_updated.pdf |publisher=[[Portland State University]] |access-date=May 8, 2011 |archive-date=September 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923073106/http://www.pdx.edu/sites/www.pdx.edu.prc/files/media_assets/2010_PL94_cities_D-G_updated.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> Those age 18 and over accounted for 81.8% of the total population.<ref name="PSUCensus2010"/>
The racial makeup of the city was 85.8% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 4.0% [[Asian American|Asian]], 1.4% [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 1.0% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.2% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], and 4.7% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]].<ref name="PSUCensus2010"/>
[[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanics]] and [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latinos]] of any race accounted for 7.8% of the total population.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4123850.html |title=Eugene (city), Oregon |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=May 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521124848/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4123850.html |archive-date=May 21, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Of the non-Hispanics, 82% were White, 1.3% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American, 4% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 0.2% some other race alone, and 3.4% were of two or more races.<ref name="PSUCensus2010"/>
Females represented 51.1% of the total population, and males represented 48.9%. The median age in the city was 33.8 years.<ref name="bureau">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/ |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=May 14, 2011 |title=U.S. Census website |
===2000 census===
The census of 2000 showed there were 137,893 people, 58,110 households, and 31,321 families residing in the city of Eugene. The population density was {{convert|3,404.8|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people |people}}. There were 61,444 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,516.4|/mi2|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the city was 88.15% White, down from 99.5% in 1950,<ref>{{cite web |title=Oregon – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012
There were 58,110 households, of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.6% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.1% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.87. In the city, the population was 20.3% under the age of 18, 17.3% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.0 males. The median income for a household in the city was $35,850, and the median income for a family was $48,527. Males had a median income of $35,549 versus $26,721 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,315. About 8.7% of families and 17.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.8% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.
== Economy ==
Eugene's largest employers are [[PeaceHealth Medical Group]], the University of Oregon, and the [[Eugene School District]].<ref name="CAFR">{{cite web |title=Comprehensive Annual Financial Report: Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2010 |url=http://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/Home/View/2649 |access-date=December 31, 2012 |publisher=City of Eugene |format=PDF |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201082034/https://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/Home/View/2649 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Eugene's largest industries are wood products manufacturing and recreational vehicle manufacturing.<ref name="eugenezip">[http://www.eugenezip.com/Area_Industry.asp Eugene Zip] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110063525/http://www.eugenezip.com/Area_Industry.asp |date=January 10, 2011}}. Retrieved October 9, 2010.</ref>
Corporate headquarters for the employee-owned [[Bi-Mart]] corporation and [[Family business|family-owned]] [[supermarket]] [[Market of Choice]] remain in Eugene.[[File:Sarver-winery-by-colin Morton-2017- 31.jpg|alt=Sarvery Winery courtesy of Eugene, Cascades & Coast|thumb|Sarvery Winery courtesy of Eugene, Cascades & Coast]]
Many multinational businesses were launched in Eugene. Some of the most famous include [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]],<ref name="History & Heritage" /> [[Taco Time]],<ref>[http://www.entrepreneur.com/franchises/tacotime/282862-0.html "Taco Time"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822173555/http://www.entrepreneur.com/franchises/tacotime/282862-0.html |date=August 22, 2010 }}. ''[[Entrepreneur (magazine)|Entrepreneur]]''. Retrieved June 7, 2010.</ref> and [[
The footwear repair product [[Shoe Goo]] is manufactured by Eclectic Products, based in Eugene.
Run Gum, an energy gum created for runners, also began its life in Eugene. Run Gum was created by track athlete [[Nick Symmonds]] and track and field coach Sam Lapray in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Run Gum Energy |url=https://rungum.com/ |website=Run Gum |access-date=November 16, 2018 |archive-date=November 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117063252/https://rungum.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Burley Design|Burley Design LLC]] produces bicycle trailers and was founded in Eugene by Alan Scholz out of a [[Eugene Saturday Market|Saturday Market]] business in 1978. Eugene is also the birthplace and home of Bike Friday bicycle manufacturer Green Gear Cycling.
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[[Organically Grown Company]], the largest distributor of organic fruits and vegetables in the northwest, started in Eugene in 1978 as a non-profit co-op for organic farmers. Notable local [[Food processing|food processors]], many of whom manufacture [[Organic certification|certified organic]] products, include Golden Temple ([[Yogi Tea]]), Merry Hempsters, Springfield Creamery (Nancy's Yogurt), and [[Mountain Rose Herbs]].
Until July 2008, [[Hynix]] Semiconductor America had operated a large semiconductor plant in west Eugene. In late September 2009, Uni-Chem of South Korea announced its intention to purchase the Hynix site for [[solar cell]] manufacturing.<ref name="RG-Unichem">Buri McDonald, Sherri (September 29, 2009). [http://special.registerguard.com/csp/cms/sites/web/news/cityregion/20844835-41/story.csp "Quick hynix deal planned"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802083710/http://special.registerguard.com/csp/cms/sites/web/news/cityregion/20844835-41/story.csp |date=August 2, 2014 }}. ''The Register-Guard''. p. A1</ref> However, this deal fell through and as of late 2012, is no longer planned.<ref name="RG">[http://projects.registerguard.com/web/newslocalnews/28116331-41/hynix-plant-company-solar-data.html.csp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802060703/http://projects.registerguard.com/web/newslocalnews/28116331-41/hynix-plant-company-solar-data.html.csp|date=August 2, 2014}}. ''The Register-Guard''.</ref> In 2015, semiconductor manufacturer [[Broadcom]] purchased the plant with plans to upgrade and reopen it. The company abandoned these plans and put it up for sale in November 2016.<ref>Russo, Ed, and Sherri Buri McDonald (November 2, 2016). [https://archive.today/20170515002547/http://registerguard.com/rg/news/local/34946168-75/broadcom-to-put-former-hynix-plant-up-for-sale.html.csp "Broadcom to put former Hynix plant up for sale"]
Luckey's Club Cigar Store is one of the oldest bars in Oregon. Tad Luckey Sr. purchased it in 1911, making it one of the oldest businesses in Eugene. The "Club Cigar", as it was called in the late 19th century, was for many years a men-only salon. It survived both the [[Great Depression]] and [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]], partly because Eugene was a "[[dry town]]" before the end of Prohibition.<ref>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Luckey's History |url=http://www.luckeysclub.com/history |access-date=August 10, 2014 |website=Luckey's Club Cigar Store |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812212132/http://www.luckeysclub.com/history |url-status=live }}</ref>
The city has over 25 breweries, offers a variety of dining options with a local focus; the city is surrounded by wineries. The most notable fungi here is the truffle; Eugene hosts the annual Oregon Truffle Festival in January.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Eugene and Willamette Valley Truffle Country - Oregon Truffle Festival |language=en-US |work=Oregon Truffle Festival |url=https://oregontrufflefestival.org/weekend/eugene-and-willamette-valley-truffle-country/ |access-date=
In 2012, the Eugene metro region was dubbed the [[Silicon shire|Silicon Shire]] for its growing tech industry.
===Top employers===
According to Eugene's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<ref>{{cite web |title=FY17 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report |url=https://www.eugene-or.gov/107/Financial-Reports |publisher=City of Eugene |access-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-date=February 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217215930/https://eugene-or.gov/107/Financial-Reports |url-status=live }}</ref> the city's top employers are:
{| class="wikitable"
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=== Homelessness ===
Eugene has a growing problem with homelessness.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lueneburg |first=Chris |title=Rise in urban camping prompts short and long term change in homelessness strategy |url=https://www.kezi.com/content/news/Rise-in-urban-camping-prompts-short-and-long-time-change-in-homelessness-strategy-574364171.html |access-date=June 4, 2021
== Arts and culture ==
[[File:Eugene Saturday Market craft booth.jpg|thumb|A vendor's craft booth at the [[Eugene Saturday Market]]]]
Eugene has a significant population of people in pursuit of alternative ideas and a large original [[hippie]] population.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ossie Bladine |first=Philip |date=April 20, 2006 |title=Hippie Culture's Still Alive, Man |newspaper=Oregon Daily Emerald |url=http://dailyemerald.com/2006/04/20/hippie-cultures-still-alive-man/ |access-date=May 28, 2007 |archive-date=August 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820111357/http://dailyemerald.com/2006/04/20/hippie-cultures-still-alive-man/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Beginning in the 1960s, the [[counterculture|countercultural]] ideas and viewpoints espoused by area native [[Ken Kesey]] became established as the seminal elements of the vibrant social tapestry that continue to define Eugene.<ref name="Pumper">{{cite web |last=Pumper |first=Molly |date=December 15, 2001 |title=Remembering Ken Kesey – Eugene, Oregon, USA |url=http://www.bootsnall.com/articles/01-12/remembering-ken-kesey-eugene-oregon-usa.html |access-date=May 28, 2007 |publisher=BootsnAll |archive-date=August 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826010903/http://www.bootsnall.com/articles/01-12/remembering-ken-kesey-eugene-oregon-usa.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Merry Prankster, as Kesey was known, has arguably left the most indelible imprint of any [[cultural icon]] in his hometown. He is best known as the author of ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'' and as the male protagonist in [[Tom Wolfe]]'s ''[[The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test]]''.<ref name="Pumper" />
In 2005, the city council unanimously approved a new slogan for the city: "World's Greatest City for the Arts & Outdoors". While Eugene has a vibrant arts community for a city its size, and is well situated near many outdoor opportunities, this slogan was frequently criticized by locals as embarrassing and ludicrous.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dietz |first=Diane |date=December 21, 2006 |title=Not the World's Greatest Slogan? Eugene Wonders |work=[[The Register-Guard]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=20061221&id=tl5WAAAAIBAJ&pg=2193,4953323 |access-date=December 31, 2012 |archive-date=June 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602125651/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=20061221&id=tl5WAAAAIBAJ&pg=2193,4953323 |url-status=live }}</ref> In early 2010, the slogan was changed to "A Great City for the Arts & Outdoors."
Eugene's [[Eugene Saturday Market|Saturday Market]], open every Saturday from April through November,<ref>{{cite web |title=Eugene, Oregon's Saturday Market |url=http://www.eugenesaturdaymarket.org/ |access-date=November 13, 2012 |publisher=Eugenesaturdaymarket.org |archive-date=November 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104174422/http://www.eugenesaturdaymarket.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> was founded in 1970 as the first "Saturday Market" in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=The history of the original Saturday Market |url=http://www.eugenesaturdaymarket.org/smhist.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201193947/http://www.eugenesaturdaymarket.org/smhist.html |archive-date=December 1, 2008 |access-date=November 13, 2007}}</ref> It is adjacent to the Lane County Farmer's Market in downtown Eugene. All vendors must create or grow all their own products. The market reappears as the "Holiday Market" between Thanksgiving and New Year's in the Lane County Events Center at the fairgrounds.
===Community===
Eugene is noted for its "community inventiveness." Many U.S. trends in community development originated in Eugene. The University of Oregon's participatory [[planning]] process, known as [[The Oregon Experiment]], was the result of student protests in the early 1970s. The book of the same name is a major document in modern enlightenment thinking in planning and architectural circles. The process, still used by the university in modified form, was created by [[Christopher Alexander]], whose works also directly inspired the creation of the [[Wiki]]. Some research for the book ''[[A Pattern Language]]'', which inspired the [[Design Patterns]] movement and [[Extreme Programming]], was done by Alexander in Eugene. Not coincidentally, those engineering movements also had origins here. Decades after its publication, ''A Pattern Language'' is still one of the best-selling books on urban design.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Levinson |first1=David M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWuTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA232 |title=Place and Plexus: Metropolitan Land Use and Transport |last2=Krizek |first2=Kevin J. |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2008 |isbn=9781135974565 |page=232 |access-date=November 10, 2014}}</ref>
In the 1970s, Eugene was packed with cooperative and community projects. It still has small natural food stores in many neighborhoods, some of the oldest student cooperatives in the country, and alternative schools have been part of the school district since 1971. The old Grower's Market, downtown near the [[Amtrak]] depot, is the only food cooperative in the U.S. with no employees. It is possible to see Eugene's trend-setting non-profit tendencies in much newer projects, such as
In the fall of 2003, neighbors noticed "an unassuming two-acre remnant orchard tucked into the Friendly Area Neighborhood"<ref name="Saved">{{Cite news |last=Hirst |first=Jessica |date=December 18, 2008 |title=Madison Meadow Saved |work=Eugene Weekly |url=http://www.eugeneweekly.com/2008/12/18/news.html |url-status=dead |access-date=September 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306033812/http://www.eugeneweekly.com/2008/12/18/news.html |archive-date=March 6, 2017}}</ref> had been put up for sale by its owner, a resident of New York City.<ref name="RG07">{{Cite news |last=Russo |first=Edward |date=April 5, 2007 |title=Clock ticking on Madison Meadow |page=C1 |work=The Register-Guard |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/registerguard/access/1250950201.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Apr+5%2C+2007&author=Edward+Russo+The+Register-Guard&pub=The+Register+-+Guard&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=Clock+ticking+on+Madison+Meadow |access-date=August 1, 2009 |archive-date=November 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107103500/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/registerguard/access/1250950201.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Apr+5,+2007&author=Edward+Russo+The+Register-Guard&pub=The+Register+-+Guard&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=Clock+ticking+on+Madison+Meadow |url-status=dead}}</ref> Learning a prospective buyer had plans to build several houses on the property, they formed a nonprofit organization called Madison Meadow<ref name="MM">{{cite web |date=April 17, 2008 |title=Madison Meadow |url=http://www.madisonmeadow.org/ |access-date=November 13, 2012 |publisher=Madison Meadow |archive-date=June 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605012120/http://madisonmeadow.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=August 21, 2012 |title=Eugene OR 97405- Tax Exempt Organizations and 97405 Eugene Oregon Non Profit Organizations |url=http://www.taxexemptworld.com/organizations/eugene_or_97405.asp |access-date=November 13, 2012 |publisher=Taxexemptworld.com |archive-date=February 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217023823/http://www.taxexemptworld.com/organizations/eugene_or_97405.asp |url-status=live }}</ref> in June 2004 in order to buy the property and "preserve it as undeveloped space in perpetuity."<ref name="MM" /> In 2007 their effort was named Third Best Community Effort by the ''Eugene Weekly'',<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 25, 2007 |title=BEST OF EUGENE 2007: Tightrope Walkers and Trapeze Artists |work=Eugene Weekly |url=http://www.eugeneweekly.com/2007/10/25/coverstory1.html |url-status=dead |access-date=September 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122095753/http://www.eugeneweekly.com/2007/10/25/coverstory1.html |archive-date=January 22, 2016}}</ref> and by the end of 2008 they had raised enough money to purchase the property.<ref name="Saved" />
The City of Eugene has an active Neighborhood Program. Several neighborhoods are known for their green activism. Friendly Neighborhood has a highly popular neighborhood garden established on the right of way of a street never built. There are a number of community gardens on public property. Amazon Neighborhood has a former church turned into a community center. Whiteaker hosts a housing co-op that dates from the early 1970s that has re-purposed both their parking lots into food production and play space. An unusual eco-village with natural building techniques and large shared garden can be found in Jefferson Westside neighborhood. A several block area in the River Road Neighborhood is known as a [[permaculture]] hotspot with an increasing number of suburban homes trading grass for garden, installing rain water catchment systems, food producing landscapes and solar retrofits. Several sites have planted gardens by removing driveways. Citizen volunteers are working with the City of Eugene to restore a 65-tree [[hazelnut|filbert]] grove on public property. There are deepening social and economic networks in the neighborhood.
===Annual cultural events===
*Asian Celebration,<ref>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Oregon Asian Celebration |url=http://www.asiancelebration.org/index.html |access-date=August 10, 2014 |website=Asian Celebration |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812224125/http://www.asiancelebration.org/index.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> presented by the Asian Council of Eugene and Springfield, takes place in late July at Alton Baker Park. The festival was changed to an outdoor venue after the start of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
* The [[KLCC (FM)|KLCC]] Microbrew Festival<ref name="klcc">{{cite web |title=KLCC Microbrew Festival |url=http://klcc.org/term/klcc-microbrew-festival |access-date=July 10, 2017 |work=[[KLCC (FM)|KLCC]] |archive-date=July 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708044656/http://klcc.org/term/klcc-microbrew-festival |url-status=live }}</ref> is held in February at the Lane County Fairgrounds. It provides participants with an introduction to a large range of microbrewery and craft beers, which play an important role in Pacific Northwest culture and the economy.<ref>{{cite web |author=Fiona Watkins Corrigan |date=February 7, 2018 |title=Brewfest hops to the beat |url=http://www.lcctorch.com/2018/02/brewfest-hops-to-the-beat/ |access-date=April 6, 2018 |publisher=The Torch |archive-date=April 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407221811/http://www.lcctorch.com/2018/02/brewfest-hops-to-the-beat/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="klcc" />
*[[Mount Pisgah Arboretum]], which resides at the base of [[Mount Pisgah (Lane County, Oregon)|Mount Pisgah]], holds a Wildflower Festival in May and a [[Mushroom Festival]] and Plant Sale in October.<ref>{{cite web |title=Upcoming Events and Festivals |url=http://www.mountpisgaharboretum.com/festivals-events/ |access-date=October 8, 2010 |archive-date=August 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812085052/http://www.mountpisgaharboretum.com/festivals-events/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Oregon Festival of American Music]],<ref>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Oregon Festival of American Music 2014 |url=https://www.theshedd.org/divp/festival.aspx?series=2823 |access-date=August 10, 2014 |website=The Shedd Institute |archive-date=June 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608080939/http://theshedd.org/divp/festival.aspx?series=2823 |url-status=dead}}</ref> or OFAM is held annually in the early summer.
* The [[Oregon Bach Festival]] is a major international festival in July,<ref>{{cite news |last=Bash |first=James |date=July 10, 2007 |title=How Eugene turned into Bach Mecca |work=[[Crosscut.com|Crosscut]] |url=http://crosscut.com/2007/07/10/arts/4962/How-Eugene-turned-into-Bach-Mecca/ |url-status=dead |access-date=August 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004102942/http://crosscut.com/2007/07/10/arts/4962/How-Eugene-turned-into-Bach-Mecca/ |archive-date=October 4, 2011}}</ref> hosted by the University of Oregon.<ref>{{cite web |
*The nonprofit [[Oregon Country Fair]]<ref>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Oregon Country Fair |url=http://www.oregoncountryfair.org/ |access-date=August 10, 2014 |website=Oregon Country Fair |archive-date=July 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705010530/http://oregoncountryfair.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> takes place in July in nearby [[Veneta, Oregon|Veneta]].
* The [[Lane County Fair]]<ref>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Lane County Fair |url=http://www.atthefair.com/ |access-date=August 10, 2014 |website=Lane County Fair |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812205010/http://www.atthefair.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> occurs in July at the Lane County Fairgrounds.
* The [[Eugene/Springfield Pride Festival]]<ref>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Eugene/Springfield PRIDE Festival |url=http://www.eugenepride.org/ |access-date=August 10, 2014 |work=eugenepride.org |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812213554/http://www.eugenepride.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> is held annually on the second Saturday in August from noon to 7:00 p.m. at Alton Baker Park. A part of [[LGBT culture in Eugene, Oregon|Eugene LGBT culture]] since 1993, it provides a lighthearted and supportive social venue for the LGBT community, families, and friends.
*[[Eugene Celebration]]<ref>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Eugene Celebration Parade and Evening Concert |url=http://www.eugenecelebration.com/ |work=eugenecelebration.com |access-date=August 10, 2014 |archive-date=August 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814175834/http://www.eugenecelebration.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> is a three-day block party that usually takes place in the downtown area in August or September. The [[SLUG Queen]] coronation in August, a pageant with a campy spin, crowns a new SLUG Queen who "rains" over the Eugene Celebration Parade and is an unofficial ambassador of Eugene.<ref>{{cite news |last=Feehan |first=Jim |date=August 26, 2006 |title=New queen gets a slug of r-e-s-p-e-c-t |page=D1 |newspaper=The Register-Guard |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/registerguard/access/1117655661.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Aug+26%2C+2006&author=Jim+Feehan+The+Register-Guard&pub=The+Register+-+Guard&edition=&startpage=D.1&desc=New+queen+gets+a+slug+of+r-e-s-p-e-c-t |access-date=July 15, 2011 |archive-date=March 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315144201/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/registerguard/access/1117655661.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Aug+26%2C+2006&author=Jim+Feehan+The+Register-Guard&pub=The+Register+-+Guard&edition=&startpage=D.1&desc=New+queen+gets+a+slug+of+r-e-s-p-e-c-t |url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Museums===
Eugene museums include the University of Oregon's [[Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art]] and [[University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History|Museum of Natural and Cultural History]], the [[Oregon Air and Space Museum]], [[Lane County History Museum]],<ref>{{cite web |date=2017 |title=Lane County History Museum |url=http://www.lanecountyhistoricalsociety.org/ |access-date=December 3, 2017 |website=Lane County Historical Society & Museum |archive-date=January 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102041033/http://www.lanecountyhistoricalsociety.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Maude Kerns Art Center]], [[Shelton-McMurphey-Johnson House|Shelton McMurphey Johnson House]], and the [[Eugene Science Center]].
===Performing arts===
[[File:HultCenterPerformingArts.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|The [[Hult Center for the Performing Arts]]]]
Eugene is home to numerous cultural organizations, including the [[Eugene Symphony]] (whose previous music directors include [[Marin Alsop]], [[Giancarlo Guerrero]], and [[Miguel Harth-Bedoya]]); the [[Eugene Ballet]], a professional full-time touring company; the
The
A number of live theater groups are based in Eugene, including [[Free Shakespeare in the Park]],
====Music====
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Because of its status as a [[college town]], Eugene has been home to many music genres, musicians and bands, ranging from [[electronic dance music]] such as [[dubstep]] and [[drum and bass]] to [[garage rock]], [[Hip hop music|hip hop]], [[Folk music|folk]] and [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]]. Eugene also has growing [[reggae]] and street-performing [[bluegrass music|bluegrass]] and [[jug band]] scenes. Multi-genre act the [[Cherry Poppin' Daddies]] became a prominent figure in Eugene's music scene and became the [[house band]] at Eugene's W.O.W. Hall. In the late 1990s, their contributions to the [[swing revival]] movement propelled them to national stardom. Rock band [[Floater (band)|Floater]] originated in Eugene as did the Robert Cray blues band. Doom metal band [[Yob (band)|YOB]] is among the leaders of the Eugene heavy music scene.
Eugene is home to "[[Classical Gas]]" Composer and two-time Grammy award winner [[Mason Williams]] who spent his years as a youth living between his parents in [[Oakridge, Oregon]] and Oklahoma. Mason Williams puts on a yearly Christmas show at the Hult center for performing arts with a full orchestra produced by author, audio engineer and University of Oregon professor
[[Dick Hyman]], noted jazz pianist and musical director for many of Woody Allen's films, designs and hosts the annual Now Hear This! jazz festival at the Oregon Festival of American Music (OFAM). OFAM and the [[Hult Center]] routinely draw major jazz talent for concerts.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Shedd Institute: Now Hear This 2010–11 Series |url=http://www.theshedd.org/divP/series.aspx?event=1748 |access-date=August 11, 2011 |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928055725/http://www.theshedd.org/divP/series.aspx?event=1748 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Markstrom |first=Serena |date=August 3, 2007 |title=Pursuit of 'magic' keeps Krall going as an artist |page=E11 |newspaper=Eugene Register-Guard |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/registerguard/access/1315846381.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Aug+3%2C+2007&author=Serena+Markstrom+The+Register-Guard&pub=The+Register+-+Guard&edition=&startpage=E.11&desc=Pursuit+of+%27magic%27+keeps+Krall+going+as+an+artist |access-date=November 25, 2007 |archive-date=March 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315144131/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/registerguard/access/1315846381.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Aug+3%2C+2007&author=Serena+Markstrom+The+Register-Guard&pub=The+Register+-+Guard&edition=&startpage=E.11&desc=Pursuit+of+%27magic%27+keeps+Krall+going+as+an+artist |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Eugene is also home to a large [[Zimbabwean music]] community. [[Kutsinhira Cultural Arts Center]], which is "dedicated to the music and people of [[Zimbabwe]]," is based in Eugene. The city of Eugene is mentioned in the Johnny Cash song "Lumberjack".
===Visual arts===
Eugene's visual arts community is supported by over 20 private [[art gallery|art galleries]] and several organizations, including Maude Kerns Art Center,<ref>{{cite web |
In 2015 installations from a group of Eugene-based artists known as Light At Play were showcased in several events around the world as part of the [[International Year of Light]], including displays at the [[Smithsonian]] and the [[National Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{cite news |date=September 19, 2014 |title=Globe-trotting orb |newspaper=The Register-Guard |url=http://projects.registerguard.com/rg/news/local/32166698-75/opportunities-glow-bright-for-eugene-developers-of-light-art.html.csp |access-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-date=January 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110174016/http://projects.registerguard.com/rg/news/local/32166698-75/opportunities-glow-bright-for-eugene-developers-of-light-art.html.csp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=September 17, 2015 |title=Light for a Better World – A Celebration of U.S. Innovation at the National Academy of Sciences |url=https://light2015blog.org/2015/09/17/light-for-a-better-world-a-celebration-of-u-s-innovation-at-the-national-academy-of-sciences/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807073318/https://light2015blog.org/2015/09/17/light-for-a-better-world-a-celebration-of-u-s-innovation-at-the-national-academy-of-sciences/ |archive-date=August 7, 2016 |access-date=October 13, 2016 |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref>
====Film====
The Eugene area has been used as a filming location for several Hollywood films, most famously for 1978's ''[[National Lampoon's Animal House]]'', which was also filmed in nearby [[Cottage Grove, Oregon|Cottage Grove]]. [[John Belushi]] had the idea for the film ''[[The Blues Brothers (film)|The Blues Brothers]]'' during filming of ''Animal House'' when he happened to meet [[Curtis Salgado]] at what was then the Eugene Hotel.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Original Blues Brother: Curtis Salgado |url=http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~pringle/bluesbros/article.html |access-date=November 13, 2012 |publisher=Csse.monash.edu.au |archive-date=September 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929065329/http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~pringle/bluesbros/article.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
''[[Getting Straight]]'', starring [[Elliott Gould]] and [[Candice Bergen]], was filmed at [[Lane Community College]] in 1969. As the campus was still under construction at the time, the "occupation scenes" were easier to shoot.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trivia for Getting Straight (1970) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0065775/trivia |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=July 1, 2018 |archive-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404223440/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0065775/trivia |url-status=live }}</ref>
The "Chicken Salad on Toast" scene in the 1970 [[Jack Nicholson]] movie ''[[Five Easy Pieces]]'' was filmed at the [[Denny's]] restaurant at the southern [[Interstate 5 in Oregon|I-5]] freeway interchange near [[Glenwood, Lane County, Oregon|Glenwood]]. Nicholson directed the 1971 film ''[[Drive, He Said]]'' in Eugene.
''[[How to Beat the High
Several [[track and field]] movies have used Eugene as a setting and/or a filming location. ''[[Personal Best (film)|Personal Best]]'', starring [[Mariel Hemingway]], was filmed in Eugene in 1982. The film centered on a group of women who are trying to qualify for the Olympic track and field team. Two track and field movies about the life of [[Steve Prefontaine]], ''[[Prefontaine (film)|Prefontaine]]'' and ''[[Without Limits]]'', were released within a year of each other in 1997–1998. [[Kenny Moore (runner)|Kenny Moore]], Eugene-trained Olympic runner and co-star in ''Prefontaine'', co-wrote the screenplay for ''Without Limits''. ''Prefontaine'' was filmed in Washington because the ''Without Limits'' production bought out [[Hayward Field]] for the summer to prevent its competition from shooting there.<ref>{{cite web |title=Steve Prefontaine and Running Legends |url=http://www.eugenecascadescoast.org/running/history/pre-legends/ |access-date=March 11, 2013 |publisher=Eugene Cascades & Coast |archive-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203040335/http://www.eugenecascadescoast.org/running/history/pre-legends/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kenny Moore also wrote a biography of [[Bill Bowerman]], played in ''Without Limits'' by [[Donald Sutherland]] back in Eugene 20 years after he had appeared in ''Animal House''. Moore had also had a role in ''Personal Best''.
''[[Stealing Time]]'', a 2003 independent film, was partially filmed in Eugene. When the film premiered in June 2001 at the [[Seattle International Film Festival]], it was titled ''Rennie's Landing'' after a popular bar near the University of Oregon campus. The title was changed for its DVD release. ''[[Zerophilia]]'' was filmed in Eugene in 2006.
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===Religion===
Religious institutions of higher learning in Eugene include [[Bushnell University]] and [[New Hope Christian College]]. Bushnell University (formerly Northwest Christian University), founded in 1895, has ties with the [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]]. New Hope Christian College (formerly Eugene Bible College) originated with the Bible Standard Conference in 1915, which joined with Open Bible Evangelistic Association to create [[Open Bible Standard Churches]] in 1932. [[Eugene Bible College]] was started from this movement by Fred Hornshuh in 1925.<ref>{{cite web |title=Discover Open Bible Churches |url=http://www.openbible.org/about_discover.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928111018/http://www.openbible.org/about_discover.aspx |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=August 11, 2011 |publisher=Open Bible Churches}}</ref>
There are two [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] parishes in Eugene: [[St John the Wonderworker]] Orthodox Christian Church in the Historic [[Whiteaker, Eugene, Oregon|Whiteaker]] Neighborhood<ref name="regguard5">{{cite news |last=Carter |first=Paul |date=September 8, 2010 |title=St. John the Wonderworker: A little church in Eugene carries on ancient traditions |work=Eugene Register-Guard |url=http://www2.registerguard.com/mm/index.php/slideshows/comments/st.-john-the-wonderworker/ |url-status=dead |access-date=January 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911000445/http://www2.registerguard.com/mm/index.php/slideshows/comments/st.-john-the-wonderworker/ |archive-date=September 11, 2010
There are six Roman Catholic parishes in Eugene as well: [[St. Mary Roman Catholic Church (Eugene, Oregon)|St. Mary Catholic Church]],<ref>{{cite web |date=2015 |title=St. Mary Catholic Church |url=http://www.stmaryeugene.com// |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626133220/http://www.stmaryeugene.com/ |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |access-date=June 13, 2015}}</ref> St. Jude Catholic Church, St. Mark Catholic Church, St. Peter Catholic Church, St. Paul Catholic Church, and St. Thomas More Catholic Church.<ref>{{cite web |date=2015 |title=Archdiocese of Portland |url=http://www.archdpdx.org/parishes// |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616114835/http://www.archdpdx.org/parishes// |archive-date=June 16, 2015 |access-date=June 13, 2015}}</ref>
Eugene also has a Ukrainian Catholic Church named Nativity of the Mother of God.<ref>{{cite web |date=2015 |title=Ukrainian Catholic Church |url=http://www.nativityukr.org// |access-date=June 13, 2015 |archive-date=May 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503133158/http://nativityukr.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
There is a mainline Protestant contingency in the city as well—such as the largest of the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] Churches, Central Lutheran<ref>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Central Lutheran |url=http://welcometocentral.org/ |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=August 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810013900/http://www.welcometocentral.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> near the U of O Campus and the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal]] Church of the Resurrection.<ref>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Episcopal Church of the Resurrection |url=https://resurrectioneugene.org/ |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812211958/https://resurrectioneugene.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The Eugene area has a sizeable [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS Church]] presence, with three [[Stake (Latter Day Saints)|stakes]], consisting of 23 congregations (wards and branches).<ref>{{cite web |
The greater Eugene-Springfield area also has a [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] presence with five Kingdom Halls, several having multiple congregations in one Kingdom Hall.
The [[Reconstructionist Judaism|Reconstructionist]] [[Temple Beth Israel (Eugene, Oregon)|Temple Beth Israel]] is Eugene's largest Jewish congregation.<ref name="homepage">{{cite web |title=Temple Beth Israel |url=http://www.tbieugene.org/ |website=Temple Beth Israel |access-date=January 28, 2009 |archive-date=July 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728082420/http://www.tbieugene.org/rabbis_page.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It was also, for many decades, Eugene's only synagogue,<ref name="Zuckerman87">[[#refZuckerman2003|Zuckerman (2003)]], p. 87.</ref><ref name="Reichman">[[#refReichman2007|Reichman (2007)]].</ref> until [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] members broke away in 1992 and formed "Congregation Ahavas Torah".<ref name="Zuckerman91-93">[[#refZuckerman2003|Zuckerman (2003)]], pp. 91–93.</ref><ref name="AhavasTorahAboutUs">[http://www.ahavastorah.info/about/about.htm About Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803174419/http://www.ahavastorah.info/about/about.htm |date=August 3, 2011 }}, Congregation Ahavas Torah website.</ref>
Eugene has a community of some 140 [[Sikhism|Sikhs]], who have established a Sikh temple.<ref>{{cite news |last=Eldridge |first=Cory |date=January 5, 2006 |title=The Sikhs: at home in Eugene |newspaper=Eugene Weekly}}</ref>
The 340-member congregation of the [[Unitarian Universalist Association|Unitarian Universalist]] Church in Eugene (UUCE)<ref>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=Our Principles, Mission and Covenant |url=http://uueugene.org/church |access-date=June 1, 2014 |website=Unitarian Universalist Church in Eugene |archive-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602200610/http://uueugene.org/church |url-status=live }}</ref> purchased the former Eugene Scottish Rite Temple in May 2010, renovated it, and began services there in September 2012.
Saraha Nyingma [[Buddhist philosophy|Buddhist Temple]] in Eugene<ref>{{cite web |date=2012 |title=New Saraha Nyingma Temple Opens in Eugene |url=http://northwestdharma.org/2012/09/sarahan/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707083257/https://northwestdharma.org/2012/09/sarahan/ |archive-date=
The First Congregational Church, UCC is a large progressive Christian Church with a long history of justice focused ministries and a very active membership. Three years ago, the congregation coordinated with the Connections Program of the St Vincent DePaul organization to provide transitional homes for two unhoused families on the church's property. Through life - skills support and training and a more stable housing situation these families are then able to make their way into independent living.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 24, 2019 |title=First Congregational UCC Congregational Meeting February 24, 2019 |url=https://www.fcceugene.org/documents/Board/2019/Congregational_Meeting_02-24-19.pdf |access-date=December 29, 2021 |website=First Congregational United Church of Christ of Eugene |archive-date=December 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229212206/https://www.fcceugene.org/documents/Board/2019/Congregational_Meeting_02-24-19.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Sports==
[[File:Welcome to Track Town USA.jpg|thumbnail|right|"Welcome to Track Town USA" sign in Eugene]]
Eugene markets itself as "Track Town USA".<ref>{{cite web |date=
Eugene's miles of running trails, through its unusually large park system, are among the most extensive in the U.S.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} Notable trails include [[Pre's Trail]] in Alton Baker Park,
Jogging was introduced to the U.S. through Eugene, brought from [[New Zealand]] by Bill Bowerman, who wrote the best-selling book "Jogging", and coached the champion University of Oregon track and cross country teams. During Bowerman's tenure, his "Men of Oregon" won 24 individual [[NCAA]] titles, including titles in 15 out of the 19 events contested. During Bowerman's 24 years at Oregon, his track teams finished in the top ten at the NCAA championships 16 times, including four team titles (1962, '64, '65, '70), and two second-place trophies. His teams also posted a dual meet record of 114–20.
Bowerman also invented the waffle sole for running shoes in Eugene, and with Oregon alumnus [[Phil Knight]] founded shoe giant Nike. The city has dozens of running clubs. The climate is cool and temperate, good both for jogging and record-setting. Eugene is home to the University of Oregon's Hayward Field track, which hosts numerous collegiate and amateur track and field meets throughout the year, most notably the [[Prefontaine Classic]]. Hayward Field was host to the 2004 [[AAU Junior Olympic Games]], the 1989 [[World Masters Athletics Championships]], the track and field events of the 1998 [[World Masters Games]], the 2006 [[Pacific-10 Conference|Pacific-10]] track and field championships, the 1971, 1975, 1986, 1993, 1999, 2001, 2009, and 2011 [[USA Track & Field Outdoor Championships]] and the 1972, 1976, 1980, 2008, 2012, and 2016 [[United States Olympic Trials (track and field)|U.S. Olympic trials]]. Eugene
[[File:Autzen stadium from the air DJI 07 31 24.jpg|thumb|184x184px|Eugene's Autzen Stadium]]
Eugene's [[Oregon Ducks]] are part of the [[
The [[Nationwide Tour]]'s golfing event [[Oregon Classic]] takes place at Shadow Hills Country Club, just north of Eugene. The event has been played every year since 1998, except in 2001 when it was slated to begin the day after the [[9/11]] terrorist attacks. The top 20 players from the Nationwide Tour are promoted to the PGA Tour for the following year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oregonclassic.com/History.htm |title=The history of the Oregon Classic |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719043604/http://www.oregonclassic.com/History.htm |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |work=Oregon Classic |access-date=October 9, 2010}}</ref>
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| style="text-align:left;" |[[American football|Football]], Basketball, [[Track and Field]], [[Softball]], Volleyball, Golf, Tennis, Baseball, [[Lacrosse]], Ice hockey, Soccer, [[ultimate (sport)|Ultimate]]
| style="text-align:left;" |1876
| style="text-align:left;" |[[National Collegiate Athletic Association]]: [[
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Autzen Stadium]], [[Matthew Knight Arena]], [[PK Park]], [[Hayward Field]]
|-
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| style="text-align:left;" |1895
| style="text-align:left;" |[[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics]], [[Cascade Conference|Cascade Collegiate Conference]]
| style="text-align:left;" |
|-
||[[New Hope Christian College]] [[Deacons]]
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| style="text-align:left;" |1925
| style="text-align:left;" |
| style="text-align:left;" |
|-
||[[Eugene Emeralds]]
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| style="text-align:left;" |[[Lane Community College]]
|-
||
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Rugby union|Rugby]]
| style="text-align:left;" |1973
| style="text-align:left;" |
| style="text-align:left;" |
|-
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| style="text-align:left;" |2006
| style="text-align:left;" |[[International Basketball League]]
| style="text-align:left;" |
|-
||[[Eugene Generals]]
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Ice hockey]]
| style="text-align:left;" |2005
| style="text-align:left;" |
| style="text-align:left;" |Lane County Ice Center
|-
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==Parks and recreation==
[[File:Hendricks Park.jpg|thumb|[[Hendricks Park]]]]
Spencer Butte Park at the southern edge of town provides access to Spencer Butte, a dominant feature of Eugene's skyline. [[Hendricks Park]], situated on a knoll to the east of downtown, is known for its [[rhododendron]] garden and nearby memorial to Steve Prefontaine, known as [[Steve Prefontaine#Death|Pre's Rock]], where the legendary University of Oregon runner was killed in an auto accident. [[Alton Baker Park]], next to the Willamette River, contains Pre's Trail. Also next to the Willamette are Skinner Butte Park<ref>{{cite web |url
The city of Eugene maintains an [[urban forest]]. The University of Oregon campus is an [[arboretum]], with over 500 species of trees. The city operates and maintains scenic hiking trails that pass through and across the ridges of a cluster of hills in the southern portion of the city, on the fringe of residential neighborhoods. Some trails allow biking, and others are for hikers and runners only.
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According to statute, all Eugene and Lane County elections are officially non-partisan, with a primary containing all candidates in May. If a candidate gets more than 50% of the vote in the primary, they win the election outright, otherwise the top two candidates face off in a November runoff. This allows candidates to win seats during the lower-turnout primary election.
The mayor of Eugene is [[Lucy Vinis]], who has been in office since winning the popular vote in May 2016, and who was re-elected in May 2020. [[List of mayors of Eugene, Oregon|Recent mayors]] include Edwin Cone (1958–69), Les Anderson (1969–77) Gus Keller (1977–84), Brian Obie (1985–88), Jeff Miller (1989–92), [[Ruth Bascom]] (1993–96), [[Jim Torrey]] (1997–2004) and [[Kitty Piercy]] (
===Eugene City Council===
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*Ward 6 – Greg Evans
*Ward 7 – Lyndsey Leech
*Ward 8 – Randy Groves<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor and City Council |url=http://www.eugene-or.gov/index.aspx?NID=537 |access-date=February 22, 2021 |website=Eugene, OR Website |publisher=City of Eugene, Oregon |archive-date=December 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228073709/http://www.eugene-or.gov/index.aspx?NID=537 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Public safety===
The Eugene Police Department is the city's law enforcement and public safety agency.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eugene Police Department |url=http://www.eugene-or.gov/index.aspx?nid=162 |access-date=December 31, 2012 |archive-date=December 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121218005100/http://www.eugene-or.gov/index.aspx?NID=162 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Lane County Sheriff's Office (Oregon)|Lane County Sheriff's Office]] also has its headquarters in Eugene.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lane County Sheriff. |url=http://www.lanecounty.org/Departments/Sheriff/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414072256/http://www.lanecounty.org/Departments/Sheriff/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=April 14, 2010 |access-date=April 26, 2010}}</ref>
The University of Oregon is served by the [[University of Oregon Police Department]],<ref>{{cite web |title=U of O Campus PD |url=http://police.uoregon.edu/ |access-date=December 31, 2012 |archive-date=December 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227103835/http://police.uoregon.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=about UODPS |url=http://police.uoregon.edu/node/85 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211633/http://police.uoregon.edu/node/85 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=December 31, 2012}}</ref> and Eugene Police Department also has a police station in the West University District near campus. Lane Community College is served by the Lane Community College Public Safety Department.<ref>{{cite web |title=LCCPSD |url=http://www2.lanecc.edu/psd/public-safety-services |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226060216/http://www2.lanecc.edu/psd/public-safety-services |archive-date=December 26, 2012 |access-date=December 31, 2012}}</ref> The [[Oregon State Police]] have a presence in the rural areas and highways around the Eugene metro area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Oregon state police |url=http://www.oregon.gov/osp/Pages/index.aspx |access-date=December 31, 2012 |archive-date=January 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101012553/http://www.oregon.gov/osp/Pages/index.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Lane Transit District|LTD]] downtown station, and the [[Emerald Express (EmX)|EmX]] lines are patrolled by [[Lane Transit District|LTD]] [[Transit police|Transit Officers]]. Since 1989 the mental health crisis intervention non-governmental agency [[CAHOOTS (crisis response)|CAHOOTS]] has responded to Eugene's mental health 911 calls.<ref name=":02">{{cite web |last=Villafranca |first=Omar |date=
Eugene used to have an ordinance which prohibited car horn usage for non-driving purposes. After several residents were cited for this offense during the anti-Gulf War demonstrations in January 1991, the city was taken to court and in 1992 the [[Oregon Court of Appeals]] overturned the ordinance, finding it unconstitutionally vague.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 4, 1992 |title=City of Eugene v. Powlowski |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/oregon/court-of-appeals/1992/116-or-app-186.html |access-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718185231/https://law.justia.com/cases/oregon/court-of-appeals/1992/116-or-app-186.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Eugene City Hall]] was abandoned in 2012 for reasons of structural integrity, energy efficiency, and obsolete size. Various offices of city government became tenants in eight other buildings.
===Politics===
Being the largest city by far in Lane County, Eugene's voters almost always decide the county's partisan tilt. While Eugene has historically been a counter-culture-heavy and left-leaning college town, the county's partisan leanings have intensified in recent decades, mirroring the general polarization of Oregon voters along urban (pro-Democratic) and rural (pro-Republican) lines.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 12, 2019 |title=The urban-rural divide in Oregon has become more pronounced |url=https://www.registerguard.com/news/20190212/urban-rural-divide-in-oregon-has-become-more-pronounced |access-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731032051/https://www.registerguard.com/news/20190212/urban-rural-divide-in-oregon-has-become-more-pronounced |url-status=live }}</ref>
Lane County voted for [[Bernie Sanders]] over eventual 2016 nominee [[Hillary Clinton]] by 60.6-38.1%, and Eugene offered Sanders an even larger share of its vote.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 17, 2016 |title=Lane County, Oregon Primary Election May 17, 2016 OFFICIAL FINAL RESULTS |url=http://apps.lanecounty.org/Elections/Document.ashx?id=680 |access-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-date=September 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914200426/https://apps.lanecounty.org/Elections/Document.ashx?id=680 |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Education ==
=== Tertiary education ===
[[File:JohnsonHallUO.JPG|thumb|right|Johnson Hall, [[University of Oregon]]]]
Eugene is home to the [[University of Oregon]]. Other institutions of higher learning include [[Bushnell University]], [[Lane Community College]], [[New Hope Christian College]], [[Gutenberg College]], and [[Pacific University]]'s Eugene campus.
All of Lane County is in the Lane Community College district.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.clatsopcc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/02-2-OR-CC-color-map.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.clatsopcc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/02-2-OR-CC-color-map.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |title=Oregon Community Colleges and Community College Districts |publisher=[[Oregon Department of Community Colleges & Workforce Development]] |access-date=March 11, 2024}}</ref>
===Schools===
The [[Eugene School District]] covers around 85% of the Eugene city limits.<ref name=facts>{{cite web |title=School District Facts |url=http://www.4j.lane.edu/district/districtfacts |publisher=Eugene School District |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125114629/http://www.4j.lane.edu/district/districtfacts |archive-date=January 25, 2010}}</ref> The remainder of Eugene's northwestern neighborhoods are in the [[Bethel School District (Oregon)|Bethel School District]].<ref name=Schooldistmap2020>{{cite map |date=December 18, 2020 |title=2020 Census – School District Reference Map: Lane County, OR |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st41_or/schooldistrict_maps/c41039_lane/DC20SD_C41039.pdf |publisher=United States Census Bureau |at=Sheet 1 of 2 |scale=1:150,000 |access-date=March 10, 2024 |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311044216/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st41_or/schooldistrict_maps/c41039_lane/DC20SD_C41039.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
The Eugene School District includes four full-service high schools ([[Winston Churchill High School (Eugene, Oregon)|Churchill]], [[North Eugene High School|North Eugene]], [[Sheldon High School (Eugene, Oregon)|Sheldon]], and [[South Eugene High School|South Eugene]]) and many alternative education programs, such as [[IB Diploma Programme|international schools]] and [[charter school]]s. Foreign [[language immersion]] programs in the district are available in Spanish, French, Chinese, and Japanese.
The
Eugene also has several private schools, including the Eugene Waldorf School,<ref>{{cite web |
[[Parochial schools]] in Eugene include [[Marist Catholic High School (Eugene, Oregon)|Marist Catholic High School]], O'Hara Catholic Elementary School, Eugene Christian School, and St. Paul Parish School.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parochial Schools of Oregon |url=http://www.parochial.com/oregon/list.html |publisher=Parochial School Directory |access-date=July 21, 2009 |archive-date=June 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611122650/http://www.parochial.com/oregon/list.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Libraries===
[[File:EugenePublicLibrary.jpg|thumb|The Eugene Public Library]]
The largest library in Oregon is the University of Oregon's [[Knight Library]], with collections totaling more than 3 million volumes and over 100,000 audio and video items.<ref>{{cite web |title
==Media==
{{Main|Media in Eugene, Oregon}}
===Print===
[[File:Register-Guard building - Eugene Oregon.jpg|thumb|left|[[The Register-Guard]] building]]
The largest newspaper serving the area is ''[[The Register-Guard]]'', a daily newspaper with a circulation of about 70,000, published independently by the Baker family of Eugene until 2018, before being acquired by [[GateHouse Media]], (now owned by [[Gannett Company]]).<ref>{{cite web |title
{{Clear|left}}
===Television===
Local television stations include [[KMTR]] ([[NBC]]/[[The CW]]), [[KVAL-TV|KVAL]] ([[CBS]]), [[KLSR-TV]] ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]), [[KEVU-CD]], [[KEZI]] ([[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]), KEPB (PBS), and KTVC (independent).
*[[KEZI]] (channel 9) ([[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]])
*[[KVAL-TV|KVAL]] (channel 13) ([[CBS]])
*[[KMTR]] (channel 16) ([[NBC]]/[[The CW]])
*[[KEVU-CD]] (channel 23)
*[[KEPB#Television stations|KEPB]] (channel 28) ([[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]])
*[[KLSR-TV|KLSR]] (channel 34) ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]])
*[[KTVC]] (channel 36) (independent)
*
===Radio===
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*[[KKNX]] 840 Eugene – Classic Hits (Mielke Broadcasting)
*[[KORE]] 1050 Springfield – FOX Sports Radio
*[[KPNW (AM)|KPNW]] 1120 Eugene – NEWS/TALK (
*[[KRVM (AM)|KRVM]] 1280 Eugene – NPR News/Talk (Eugene School District) (JPR affiliate)
*[[KNND]] 1400 Cottage Grove – Classic Country (Reiten Communications Inc)
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*[[KUJZ]] 95.3 Creswell – Sports (Cumulus)
*[[KZEL]] 96.1 Eugene – Classic Rock (Cumulus)
*
*[[KEQB]] 97.7 Coburg - Regional Mexican (McKenzie River Broadcasting)
*[[KODZ]] 99.1 Eugene – '90s/'00s Hits (Bicoastal Media)
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====Cycling====
Cycling is popular in Eugene and many people commute via bicycle. Summertime events and festivals frequently have valet bicycle parking corrals that are often filled to capacity by three hundred or more bikes. Many people commute to work by bicycle every month of the year. PeaceHealth Rides, a bike share system formerly operated by Uber subsidiary JUMP, and currently operated by non-profit Cascadia Mobility, offers 300 city-owned bicycles available to the public for a small fee. Bike trails take commuting and recreational bikers along the Willamette River past a scenic rose garden, along Amazon Creek, through the downtown, and through the University of Oregon campus. Eugene is close to many popular mountain bike trails, and Disciples of Dirt is the local mountain bike club that organizes group rides and promotes trail stewardship.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stewart |first=Jade |date=May 17, 2019 |title=Disciples of Dirt makes trailwork and mountain biking a blast |url=https://www.dailyemerald.com/arts-culture/disciples-of-dirt-makes-trailwork-and-mountain-biking-a-blast/article_895939b8-7552-11e9-9afb-13e1ed1a01bd.html |access-date=
[[File:NorthBankTrails.jpg|thumb|left|The North Bank Bike Path is a popular trail for cyclists.]]
In 2009, the [[League of American Bicyclists]] cited Eugene as 1 of 10 "Gold-level" cities in the U.S. because of its "remarkable commitments to bicycling."<ref>{{cite web |date=October 20, 2009 |title=Eugene one of top cities in nation for bicycling |url=http://www.kval.com/news/65085087.html |publisher=KVAL.com |access-date=March 10, 2010 |archive-date=April 10, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410150146/http://www.kval.com/news/65085087.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=October 20, 2009 |title=Bicycle Friendly Community Master List: October 2009 |url=http://www.bikeleague.org/programs/bicyclefriendlyamerica/pdfs/bfc_master_list_web.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331035018/http://www.bikeleague.org/programs/bicyclefriendlyamerica/pdfs/bfc_master_list_web.pdf |archive-date=March 31, 2010 |access-date=March 10, 2010 |publisher=League of American Bicyclists}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Eugene OR Receives Gold-Level from LAB |url=http://www.bikeleague.org/programs/bicyclefriendlyamerica/communities/bfc_eugene.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105032042/http://www.bikeleague.org/programs/bicyclefriendlyamerica/communities/bfc_eugene.php |archive-date=January 5, 2010 |access-date=April 22, 2010}}</ref> In 2010, ''[[Bicycling (magazine)|Bicycling]]'' magazine named Eugene the 5th most bike-friendly city in America.<ref name="bikes">{{cite web |date=April 6, 2010 |title=Eugene Earns Top Five Ranking in List of Most Bike-Friendly Cities in America |url=https://www.eugene-or.gov/archives/61/BikeFriendly.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424124518/https://www.eugene-or.gov/archives/61/BikeFriendly.pdf |archive-date=April 24, 2014 |access-date=December 31, 2012 |publisher=City of Eugene}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bicycling's top 50 |url=http://www.bicycling.com/news/featured-stories/bicyclings-top-50 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318044813/http://www.bicycling.com/news/featured-stories/bicyclings-top-50 |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=September 17, 2011 |publisher=www.bicycling.com}}</ref> The U.S. Census Bureau's annual [[American Community Survey]] reported that Eugene had a bicycle commuting [[mode share]] of 7.3% in 2011, the fifth highest percentage nationwide among U.S. cities with 65,000 people or more, and 13 times higher than the national average of 0.56%.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Maciag, Mike |date=October 16, 2012 |title=New Data Shows Where Americans Bike to Work |url=http://www.governing.com/blogs/by-the-numbers/bike-to-work-map-us-cities-census-data.html |magazine=[[Governing (magazine)|Governing]] |access-date=April 24, 2013 |archive-date=July 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705070132/http://www.governing.com/blogs/by-the-numbers/bike-to-work-map-us-cities-census-data.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Rail====
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====Air travel====
Air travel is served by the [[Eugene Airport]], also known as Mahlon Sweet Field, which is the fifth largest airport in the Northwest and second largest airport in [[Oregon]]. The Eugene Metro area also has numerous private airports.<ref>{{cite web|title=Appendix N Privately Owned Private Use Airports with Three or More Based Aircraft|url=https://www.oregon.gov/aviation/plans-and-programs/Documents/Land%20Use%20Compatibility%20Guidebook/ODA_Land-Use_Guidebook_Appendix%20N.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=City of Eugene Announcement of Opening: Airport Manager |url=http://www.eugene-or.gov/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_191084_0_0_18/airportmanagerbrochure.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721035612/http://www.eugene-or.gov/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_191084_0_0_18/airportmanagerbrochure.pdf |archive-date=July 21, 2011 |publisher=City of Eugene
====Highways====
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===Utilities===
Eugene is the home of Oregon's largest publicly owned [[electric utility|water and power utility]], the [[Eugene Water & Electric Board]] (EWEB). EWEB got its start in the first decade of the 20th century, after an epidemic of [[typhoid]] found in the groundwater supply.<ref>[http://www.eweb.org/history "History of EWEB"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919053419/http://eweb.org/history |date=September 19, 2010}}. [[Eugene Water & Electric Board]]. Retrieved October 9, 2010.</ref> The City of Eugene condemned Eugene's private water utility and began treating river water (first the Willamette; later the McKenzie) for domestic use.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} EWEB got into the electric business when power was needed for the water pumps. Excess electricity generated by the EWEB's [[hydropower]] plants was used for street lighting.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}
Natural gas service is provided by [[NW Natural]].
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===Healthcare===
Eugene is one of the few municipalities in the US that does not [[Water fluoridation|fluoridate]] its water supply.<ref name="floride">{{cite web |date=
==In popular culture==
*The [[Vertigo Comics|DC Vertigo]] [[comic book]] series ''[[iZombie (comic book)|iZombie]]'' is set in Eugene.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Templeton |first1=Molly |title='I, Zombie': The undead roam Eugene in a new comic series |url=https://eugeneweekly.com/2010/05/17/i-zombie-the-undead-roam-eugene-in-a-new-comic-series/ |website=Eugene Weekly |date=May 17, 2010 |access-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918155320/https://eugeneweekly.com/2010/05/17/i-zombie-the-undead-roam-eugene-in-a-new-comic-series/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Eugene is mentioned in ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode ''[[Margical History Tour]]'' and the ''[[Futurama]]'' episode ''[[The 30% Iron Chef]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Palmer |first1=Susan |date=February 10, 2004 |title=It's No Joke: Eugene Gets a Plug on 'The Simpsons' |work=The Register-Guard |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/IT%27S+NO+JOKE%3A+EUGENE+GETS+A+PLUG+ON+%27THE+SIMPSONS%27.-a0113206410 |access-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918155319/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/IT%27S+NO+JOKE%3A+EUGENE+GETS+A+PLUG+ON+%27THE+SIMPSONS%27.-a0113206410 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lundin |first1=Ben |title=The Oregon bum |url=https://archive.psuvanguard.com/the-oregon-bum/ |website=Vanguard |date=July 14, 2009 |access-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918155322/https://archive.psuvanguard.com/the-oregon-bum/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Notable people==
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==Sister cities==
Eugene has four [[sister cities]]:<ref>{{cite web |title=Sister Cities |url=https://www.eugene-or.gov/369/Sister-Cities |publisher=City of Eugene |access-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Irkutsk]], Russia (suspended in 2022)<ref>{{cite web |title=Eugene suspends sister city in Russia |url=https://www.klcc.org/politics-government/2022-07-20/eugene-suspends-sister-city-in-russia |publisher=KLCC |access-date=February 4, 2020 |archive-
*{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Jinju]], South Korea
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kakegawa, Shizuoka|Kakegawa]], Japan
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==See also==
* [[Equal Vote Coalition]]
* {{portal-inline|Oregon}}
* {{portal-inline|Pacific Northwest}}
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==Further reading==
* Stan Bettis, ''Market Days; An Informal History of the Eugene Producers' Public Market.'' Eugene, OR: Lane Pomona Grange Fraternal Society, 1969.
* {{Cite book |last=Anderson |first=Wendell |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50612315 |title=Eugene-Springfield: a contemporary portrait |date=2002 |publisher=Community Communications |isbn=1-58192-055-5 |edition=1st |location=Montgomery, Ala. |oclc=50612315}}
==External links==
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* [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=4pF9x-cDGsoC ''Eugene Register-Guard,''] Google news archive. <small>—PDFs for 35,126 issues, dating from 1867 through 2008.</small>
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Eugene |short=x}}
* {{cite web |title=Eugene, Oregon |url=https://www.c-span.org/series/?citiesTour&city=6794 |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] Cities Tour |date=June 2017}}
{{Lane County, Oregon}}
{{Oregon}}
{{Oregon county seats}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1846 establishments in Oregon Country]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Willamette River]]
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