Content deleted Content added
→Prominent sheikhs: Naqshbandi Tahiri Golden Chain |
Re-wording. |
||
(41 intermediate revisions by 21 users not shown) | |||
Line 2:
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Sufism}}
[[File:
The '''Naqshbandi order''' ({{
== History ==
The order is also known as the "convergence of the two oceans" or "Sufi Order of Jafar al
Since it was founded the Naqshbandi order === South Asia ===
[[File:Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab Shrine.jpg|thumb|[[Moinuddin Hadi Naqshband|The tomb of the supreme leaders of the order in Kashmir]].]]▼
[[
▲[[File:Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab Shrine.jpg|
The Naqshbandiyya order became an influential factor in Indo-Muslim life and for two centuries it was the principal spiritual order in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. [[Khwaja Baqi Billah|Baqi Billah Berang]], who was born in Kabul and brought up and educated in Kabul and [[Samarkand]], is credited for bringing the order to India during the end of the 16th century. He tried to spread his knowledge about the order but died three years later. His disciple [[Ahmad Sirhindi]] took over after his death, and it was through him that the order gained popularity within a short period of time. [[Shah Waliullah Dehlawi]] was an 18th-century member of the order.<ref name=Haq>{{cite book |last=Haq |first=Muhammad M. |title=Some Aspects of the Principle Sufi Orders in India |location=Bangladesh |work=Islamic Foundation |date=1985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0TYAAAAMAAJ |page=20 |access-date=4 August 2022 |archive-date=23 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123054546/https://books.google.com/books?id=n0TYAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>▼
[[File:Imam rabani 2.jpg|thumb|Tomb of [[Ahmad Sirhindi|Ahmad Sirhindī]] (1564–1624) was a prominent member of the Naqshbandi Sufi order venerated as Imam Rabbani and [[Mujaddid|Mujaddid Alf-Thani]].]]
▲The Naqshbandiyya order became an influential factor in
===Syria===
Line 16 ⟶ 20:
===Egypt===
The Naqshbandi order rose to prominence in Egypt during the 19th century. A major khanqah was constructed in 1851 by Abbas I as a favor to the Naqshbandi sheikh Ahmad Ashiq, who led the order until his death in 1883. Ahmad Ashiq practiced the Diya'iyya branch of the Khalidiyya. Two other versions of Naqshbandiyya spread in Egypt in the last decades of the 19th century: the Judiyya, led by sheikh Juda Ibrahim, and the Khalidiyya, led by Sudanese al-Sharif Isma'il al-Sinnari and his successors. These branches continued to grow and are still active today.
===Southeast Asia===
[[File:Masjid Ar-Rahman Pondok Pesantren Al-Manaar Batuhampar 2020 03.jpg|thumb|Tomb of Abdurrahman Batuhampar, a Naqshbandi sheikh in Sumatra and grandfather of [[Mohammad Hatta]]]]
[[File:خانقاه نقشبندی در مسجد خانقاه سقز 1.jpg|thumbnail|A [[Khanaqa]]h (prayer house) of Naqshbandi in [[Saqqez]]'s bazaar in [[Iran]].]]
The first known Naqshbandi murshid in [[Malay Archipelago]] was [[Yusuf al-Makassari]], a 17th century Islamic scholar who also introduced [[Khalwatiyya]] to the region. However, the order quickly disappeared before being introduced again in the 19th century. There are two well known branches of Naqshbandiyya in Southeast Asia. The first one is Khalidiyya, introduced by [[Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi|Ismail al-Minankabawi]], a disciple of Abdullah al-Arzinjani in Mecca, and spread across [[Sumatra]], [[Java]], and [[Malay Peninsula]]. [[Islamic Education Movement|PERTI]], an [[Indonesia|Indonesian]] Islamic organization from [[Minangkabau Highlands]], was founded by [[Sulaiman ar-Rasuli]] and other Khalidi clerics. The other branch is Mazhariyya, named after Shamsuddin Mazhar, a Naqshbandi branch through Abu Said al-Ahmadi, one of Abdullah Dehlawi's khalifas. Mazhariyya is the main Naqshbandi branch in [[Madura]], brought by Abdul Azim al-Maduri after studying in Mecca. Another related order is [[Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya]], a fusion of [[Qadiriyya]] and Naqshbandiyya, whose sheikhs in [[Banten]] and [[Lombok]] led rebellions against the [[Dutch East Indies]] at the end of the 19th century.<ref>{{cite book|first=Martin|last=van Bruinessen|author-link=Martin van Bruinessen|date=1994|title=Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah di Indonesia|language=ID|location=Bandung|publisher=Mizan|isbn=979-433-000-0}}</ref>
===China===
Line 23 ⟶ 32:
[[Ma Laichi]] brought the Naqshbandi ({{lang|ar|نقشبندية}}) {{lang|zh|納克什班迪}} order to China, creating the [[Khufiyya]] ({{lang|ar|خفيه}}) {{lang|zh|虎夫耶}} Hua Si Sufi {{lang|zh|华寺}}; ("[[Multicolored Mosque]]") [[menhuan]]. [[Ma Mingxin]], also brought the Naqshbandi order, creating the [[Jahriyya]] ({{lang|ar|جهرية}}) {{lang|zh|哲赫林耶}} menhuan. These two menhuan were rivals, and fought against each other which led to the [[Jahriyya Rebellion]], [[Dungan revolt (1862–1877)|Dungan revolt]], and [[Dungan Revolt (1895)]].<ref name="VersteeghEid2005">{{cite book|author1=Kees Versteegh|author2=Mushira Eid|title=Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics: A-Ed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SuNiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA380|year=2005|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-14473-6|page= 380]|access-date=24 January 2016|archive-date=3 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203022956/https://books.google.com/books?id=SuNiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA380|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Prominent
*[[Abdul Khaliq Ghijduwani]] (d. 1179), prominent sheikh whose teachings became known as the way of the [[Khawaja|
*Abdur Rehman Shah Sailani (1871–1906), Sufi saint.
*[[Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari]] (1318–1389), the founder of the Sufi Naqshbandi Order.
*[[Khwaja Ahrar]] (1404-1490 AD),
*[[Hazrat Ishaan]] (1563-1642), descendant of [[Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari]] and
*[[Sayyid Mir Jan]] (1800-1901), 7th successor of Hazrat Ishaan and [[Qutb|Ghawth]], heading the household of [[Bahauddin Naqshband]].
*[[Ahmed Sirhindi|Ahmad al-Farūqī al-Sirhindī]] (1564–1624), commonly known as Imam Rabbani, a [[
*[[Mawlana Khalid]] (1779–1827), the sheikh whom all the different branches of the Order in the Middle East and Caucasus spread from.
*[[Shah Akbar Danapuri]] (1844-1914), Islamic scholar, writer and Sufi poet
*[[Uthman Sirâj-ud-Dîn Naqshbandi]] (1781-1867), was an 18th-century influential [[ *[[Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din|Muhamamad Uthman Sirâj-ud-Dîn Naqshbandi]] (1896–1997), the great grandson of Uthman. Sirâj-ud-Dîn Naqshbandi and leader of the [[Sipay Rizgari]] group during the Iran-Iraq war.<ref name=":6">{{Cite conference |last=van Bruinessen |first=Martin |author-link=Martin van Bruinessen |date=15 August 1986 |title=The Naqshbandi Order as a Vehicle of Political Protest among the Kurds (With Some Comparative Notes on Indonesia) |url=https://www.academia.edu/10965366 |conference=New Approaches in Islamic Studies |location=Jakarta |publisher=[[Indonesian Institute of Sciences]] |pages=1–3 |via=[[Academia.edu]]}}</ref>
==Principal teachings==
{{main|Eleven Naqshbandi principles}}
The Naqshbandi order has eleven principle teachings known as the [[Eleven Naqshbandi principles]]. The first eight were formulated by
* Remembrance ({{transliteration|fa|Yād-kard}} – {{
* Restraint ({{transliteration|fa|Bāz-gasht}} – {{
* Watchfulness ({{transliteration|fa|Negāh-dāsht}} – {{
* Recollection ({{transliteration|fa|Yād-dāsht}} – {{
* Awareness while breathing ({{transliteration|fa|Housh dar dam}} – {{
* Journeying in one's homeland ({{transliteration|fa|Safar dar watan}} - {{
* Watching one's step ({{transliteration|fa|Nazar bar qadam}} - {{
* Solitude in a crowd ({{transliteration|fa|Khalwat dar anjuman}} - {{
* Temporal pause ({{transliteration|fa|Wuquf-i zamāni}} - {{
* Numerical pause ({{transliteration|fa|Wuquf-i adadi}} - {{
* Heart pause ({{transliteration|fa|Wuquf-i qalbi}} - {{
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=35em}}
|