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Line 36: David Lean was born on 25 March 1908 at 38 Blenheim Crescent, South Croydon, Surrey (now part of [[Greater London]]), to Francis William le Blount Lean and the former Helena Tangye (niece of [[Richard Tangye\|Sir Richard Trevithick Tangye]]).<ref name="ODNB">{{Cite ODNB\|id=49869\|title=Lean, Sir David (1908–1991)}}</ref> His parents were [[Quaker]]s and he was a pupil at the Quaker-founded [[Leighton Park School]] in [[Reading, Berkshire\|Reading]]. His younger brother, [[Edward Tangye Lean]] (1911–1974), founded the original [[Inklings]] literary club when a student at [[Oxford University]]. Lean was a half-hearted schoolboy with a dreamy nature who was labelled a "dud" of a student;<ref name=Smith /> he left school in the Christmas Term of 1926, at the age of 18,{{sfn\|Brownlow\|1996\|p=39}} and entered his father's chartered accountancy firm as an apprentice. A more formative event for his career than his formal education was an uncle's gift, when Lean was aged ten, of a [[Brownie (camera)\|Brownie box camera]]. "You usually didn't give a boy a camera until he was 16 or 17 in those days. It was a huge compliment and I succeeded at it." Lean printed and developed his films, and it was his "great hobby".<ref>the Guardian, 17 April 1991</ref> In 1923,{{sfn\|Phillips\|2006\|p={{page needed\|date=December 2021}}}} his father deserted the family ~~and~~. Lean ~~would~~ later ~~follow~~followed a similar path after his own first marriage and child.<ref name=Smith /> ==Career== Line 62: After extensive location work in the Middle East, [[North Africa]], [[Spain]], and elsewhere, Lean's ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)\|Lawrence of Arabia]]'' was released in 1962. This was the first project of Lean's with a screenplay by playwright [[Robert Bolt]], rewriting an original script by [[Michael Wilson (writer)\|Michael Wilson]] (one of the two blacklisted writers of ''Bridge on the River Kwai''). It recounts the life of [[T. E. Lawrence]], the British officer who is depicted in the film as uniting the squabbling Bedouin peoples of the Arab peninsula to fight in [[World War I]] and then push on for independence. After some hesitation, Alec Guinness ~~once~~appeared ~~again appeared,~~here in his fourth David Lean film, as the Arab leader, Prince Faisal, despite his misgivings from their conflicts on ''Bridge on the River Kwai''. French composer [[Maurice Jarre]], on his first Lean film, created a soaring film score with a famous theme and won his first Oscar for Best Original Score. The film turned actor [[Peter O'Toole]], playing Lawrence, into an international star,. ~~and~~Lean was nominated for ten Oscars, winning seven, including ~~Best Picture and Lean's second win~~two for Best Director. HeLean remains the only British director to win more than one Oscar for directing. ====For MGM==== Line 76: ===Last years and unfulfilled projects=== ====''The Lawbreakers'' and ''The Long Arm''==== From 1977 until 1980, Lean and Robert Bolt worked on a film adaptation of ''Captain Bligh and Mr. Christian'', a dramatized account by [[Richard Hough]] of the [[Mutiny on the Bounty\|Mutiny on the ''Bounty'']]. It was originally to be released as a two-part film, one named ''The Lawbreakers'' that dealt with the voyage out to Tahiti and the subsequent mutiny, and the second named ''The Long Arm'' that studied the journey of the mutineers after the mutiny as well as the admiralty's response in sending out the frigate [[HMS Pandora (1779)\|HMS ''Pandora'']], in which some of the mutineers were imprisoned. Lean could not find financial backing for both films after [[Warner Bros.]] withdrew from the project; he decided to combine it into one and looked at a seven-part TV series before getting backing from Italian mogul [[Dino De Laurentiis]]. The project then suffered a further setback when Bolt suffered a serious [[stroke]] and was unable to continue writing; the director felt that Bolt's involvement would be crucial to the film's success. [[Melvyn Bragg]] ended up writing a considerable portion of the script. Lean was forced to abandon the project after overseeing casting and the construction of the $4 million ''Bounty'' replica; at the last possible moment, actor [[Mel Gibson]] brought in his friend [[Roger Donaldson]] to direct the film, as producer De Laurentiis did not want to lose the millions he had already put into the project over what he thought was as insignificant a person as the director dropping out.<ref>[http://lean.bfi.org.uk/material.php?theme=2&title=bounty] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505070825/http://lean.bfi.org.uk/material.php?theme=2&title=bounty\|date=5 May 2008}}</ref> The film was eventually released as ''[[The Bounty (1984 film)\|The Bounty]]''. ====''A Passage to India''==== Lean then embarked on a project he had pursued since 1960, a film adaptation of ''[[A Passage to India (film)\|A Passage to India]]'' (1984), from [[E. M. Forster]]'s [[A Passage to India\|1924 novel]] of colonial conflicts in British-occupied India. Entirely shot on location in the sub-continent, this became his last completed film. He rejected a draft by [[Santha Rama Rau]], responsible for the stage adaptation and Forster's preferred screenwriter, and wrote the script himself.<ref>{{cite web\|last=McGee\|first=Scott\|url=http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/152548%7C0/A-Passage-to-India.html\|title=A Passage to India\|publisher=Turner Classic Movies\|access-date=13 September 2016\|archive-date=30 March 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330035245/http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/152548%7C0/A-Passage-to-India.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, Lean also edited the film with the result that his three roles in the production (writer, editor, director) were given equal status in the credits.<ref>[[Walter Kerr\|Kerr, Walter]] (1985). [https://select.nytimes.com/search/restricted/article?res=F30A17F8355D0C748DDDAA0894DD484D81 "Films are made in the Cutting Room"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 17 March 1985. Online version retrieved 15 November 2007.</ref> Lean recruited long-time collaborators for the cast and crew, including Maurice Jarre (who won another Academy Award for the score), Alec Guinness in his sixth and final role for Lean, as an eccentric Hindu Brahmin, and [[John Box]], the production designer for ''Dr. Zhivago''. Reversing the critical response to ''Ryan's Daughter'', the film opened to universally enthusiastic reviews; the film was nominated for eleven Academy Awards and Lean himself nominated for three Academy Awards in [[Academy Award for Best Director\|directing]], [[Academy Award for Film Editing\|editing]], and [[Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay\|writing]]. His female star, in the complex role of a confused young British woman who falsely accuses an Indian man of attempted rape, gained Australian actress [[Judy Davis]] her first Academy nomination. [[Peggy Ashcroft]], as the sensitive Mrs. Moore, won the Oscar for best supporting actress, making her, at 77, the oldest actress to win that award. According to Roger Ebert, it is "one of the greatest screen adaptations I have ever seen".<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-passage-to-india-1984\|title=A Passage to India movie review (1984)\|last=Ebert\|first=Roger\|website=www.rogerebert.com\|language=en\|access-date=25 February 2020\|archive-date=9 May 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509053520/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-passage-to-india-1984\|url-status=live}}</ref> ====''Empire of the Sun''==== He was signed on to direct a [[Warner Bros.]]-backed adaptation of [[J. G. Ballard]]'s autobiographical novel ''[[Empire of the Sun (novel)\|Empire of the Sun]]'' after director [[Harold Becker]] left the project. [[Steven Spielberg]] was brought on board as a producer for Lean, but later assumed the role of director when Lean dropped out of the project; Spielberg was drawn to the idea of making the film due to his long-time admiration for Lean and his films. ''[[Empire of the Sun (film)\|Empire of the Sun]]'' was released in 1987. ====''Nostromo''==== During the last years of his life, Lean was in pre-production of a film version of [[Joseph Conrad]]'s ''[[Nostromo]]''. He assembled an all-star cast, including [[Marlon Brando]], [[Paul Scofield]], [[Anthony Quinn]], [[Peter O'Toole]], [[Christopher Lambert]], [[Isabella Rossellini]] and [[Dennis Quaid]], with [[Georges Corraface]] as the title character. Lean also wanted [[Alec Guinness]] to play Dr. Monygham, but the aged actor turned him down in a letter from 1989: "I believe I would be disastrous casting. The only thing in the part I might have done well is the crippled crab-like walk." As with ''Empire of the Sun'', Steven Spielberg came on board as producer with the backing of Warner Bros., but after several rewrites and disagreements on the script, he left the project and was replaced by [[Serge Silberman]], a respected producer at Greenwich Film Productions. The ''Nostromo'' project involved several writers, including [[Christopher Hampton]] and [[Robert Bolt]], but their work was abandoned. In the end, Lean decided to write the film himself with the assistance of Maggie Unsworth (wife of ~~renowned~~ cinematographer [[Geoffrey Unsworth]]), with whom he had worked on the scripts for ''Brief Encounter'', ''Great Expectations'', ''Oliver Twist'', and ''The Passionate Friends''. Originally Lean considered filming in [[Mexico]] but later decided to film in London and [[Madrid]], partly to secure O'Toole, who had insisted he would take part only if the film was shot close to home. ''Nostromo'' had a total budget of $46 million and was six weeks away from filming at the time of Lean's death from [[Head and neck cancer\|throat cancer]]. It was rumoured that fellow film director [[John Boorman]] would take over direction, but the production collapsed. ''Nostromo'' was finally adapted for the small screen with an unrelated [[BBC television]] [[Nostromo (TV serial)\|mini-series]] in 1997. ==Personal life ~~and honours<!-- British subject. -->~~== Lean was a long-term resident of [[Limehouse]], [[East London]]. His home on [[Narrow Street]] is still owned by his family .{{citation needed\|date=February 2024}}. His co-writer and producer, [[Norman Spencer (producer)\|Norman Spencer]], has said Lean was a "huge womaniser,", and that "to my knowledge, he had almost 1,000 women".<ref name="How we made Hobson's Choice">{{cite news \| url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/jun/30/how-we-made-hobsons-choice-prunella-scales \| title=How we made Hobson's Choice \| newspaper=The Guardian \| access-date=1 July 2014 \| archive-date=1 July 2014 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701053011/http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/jun/30/how-we-made-hobsons-choice-prunella-scales \| url-status=live }}</ref> He was married six times, had one son, and at least two ~~grandchildren—all~~grandchildren—from ~~from~~all of whom he was completely estranged<ref name="Collins">{{cite news\|last=Collins\|first=Andrew\|title=The epic legacy of David Lean\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/may/04/features\|work=Newspaper feature\|publisher=The Observer\|access-date=17 September 2011\|location=London\|date=4 May 2008\|archive-date=7 September 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907213402/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/may/04/features\|url-status=live}}</ref>—and was divorced five times. He was survived by his last wife Sandra Cooke, art dealer and co-author (with Barry Chattington) of ''David Lean: An Intimate Portrait'' (2001),<ref name="Smith">{{cite news\|last=Smith\|first=Julia Llewelyn\|title=Sandra Cooke: 'I always liked asking about his other women'\|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/sandra-cooke-i-always-liked-asking-about-his-other-women-616768.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921081028/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/sandra-cooke-i-always-liked-asking-about-his-other-women-616768.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=21 September 2010\|newspaper=The Independent\|access-date=17 September 2011\|location=London}}</ref> and by Peter Lean, his son from his first marriage. ''David Lean: An Intimate Portrait'' (2001),<ref name=Smith>{{cite news\|last=Smith\|first=Julia Llewelyn\|title=Sandra Cooke: 'I always liked asking about his other women'\|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/sandra-cooke-i-always-liked-asking-about-his-other-women-616768.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921081028/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/sandra-cooke-i-always-liked-asking-about-his-other-women-616768.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=21 September 2010\|newspaper=The Independent\|access-date=17 September 2011\|location=London}}</ref> and by Peter Lean, his son from his first marriage. His six wives were: * Isabel Lean (28 June 1930 – 1936) (his first cousin); one son, Peter. * [[Kay Walsh]] (23 November 1940 – 1949) * [[Ann Todd]] (21 May 1949 – 1957) * Leila Matkar (4 July 1960 – 1978) (from [[Hyderabad]], India); Lean's longest-lasting marriage.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/05/21/stories/2008052150350100.htm \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110001300/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/05/21/stories/2008052150350100.htm \| url-status=dead \| archive-date=10 November 2012 \| location=Chennai, India \| work=[[The Hindu]] \| title=The Hyderabad connection \| date=21 May 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/brief-encounters-how-david-leans-sex-life-shaped-his-films-854957.html\|title=Brief encounters: How David Lean's sex life shaped his films\|newspaper=The Independent\|location=London\|date=29 June 2008\|access-date=26 August 2017\|archive-date=3 October 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003143844/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/brief-encounters-how-david-leans-sex-life-shaped-his-films-854957.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> * Sandra Hotz (28 October 1981 – 1984) * Sandra Cooke (15 December 1990 – 16 April 1991, Lean's death) Lean died in Limehouse, London, on 16 April 1991, at the age of 83. He was interred at [[Putney Vale Cemetery]].▼ == Honours<!-- British subject. --> == Lean was appointed Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in 1953, and was knighted for his contributions and services to the arts in 1984.<ref>[http://www.davidleanfoundation.org/site/sirdavidlean/awards.htm David Lean Foundation] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120121001/http://www.davidleanfoundation.org/site/sirdavidlean/awards.htm \|date=20 November 2008 }}. David Lean Foundation (18 July 2005). Retrieved on 29 May 2011.</ref> Lean received the [[AFI Life Achievement Award]] in 1990. In 2012, Lean was among the [[Culture of the United Kingdom\|British cultural icons]] selected by artist Sir [[Peter Blake (artist)\|Peter Blake]] to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—[[the Beatles]]' ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' album cover—celebrating the British cultural figures of his lifetime that he most admires.<ref>{{cite news\|title=New faces on Sgt Pepper album cover for artist Peter Blake's 80th birthday\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited\|agency=The Guardian\|date=5 October 2016\|access-date=8 November 2016\|archive-date=5 November 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105095109/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2012/apr/02/peter-blake-sgt-pepper-cover-revisited\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Sir Peter Blake's new Beatles' Sgt Pepper's album cover\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026\|agency=BBC\|date=8 November 2016\|access-date=21 June 2018\|archive-date=3 January 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103234105/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17583026\|url-status=live}}</ref> Line 115 ⟶ 124: In addition, on the [[American Film Institute]]'s 1998 list of [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies\|100 Years...100 Movies]], ''Lawrence of Arabia'' placed 5th, ''The Bridge on the River Kwai'' 13th, and ''Doctor Zhivago'' 39th. In the 2007 [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)\|revised edition]], ''Lawrence of Arabia'' placed 7th and ''The Bridge on the River Kwai'' placed 36th. With five wins out of six nominations, Lean directed more films that won the [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography]] at [[Academy Awards\|the Oscars]] than any other director, for: ''Great Expectations'', ''The Bridge on the River Kwai'', ''Lawrence of Arabia'', ''Doctor Zhivago'' and ''[[Ryan's Daughter]]''—the last nomination being for ''[[A Passage to India (film)\|A Passage to India]]''.{{Citation needed\|date=March 2020}} ▲Lean died in Limehouse, London on 16 April 1991, at the age of 83. He was interred at [[Putney Vale Cemetery]]. ==Style== Line 156 ⟶ 163: [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Martin Scorsese]] in particular are fans of Lean's epic films and claim him as one of their primary influences. Spielberg and Scorsese also helped in the 1989 restoration of ''Lawrence of Arabia'', which had been substantially altered both by the studio in theatrical release and in particular in its televised versions; the theatrical re-release greatly revived Lean's reputation. Several of the many other later directors who have acknowledged significant influence by Lean include [[Stanley Kubrick]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/polls-surveys/stanley-kubrick-cinephile\|title=Stanley Kubrick, cinephile\|website=British Film Institute\|language=en\|access-date=25 February 2020\|archive-date=11 August 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811211311/http://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/polls-surveys/stanley-kubrick-cinephile\|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Francis Ford Coppola]],<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Sragow \|first1=Michael \|title=David Lean's Right of 'Passage' \|journal=Film Comment \|date=1985 \|volume=21 \|issue=1 \|page=21 \|jstor=43453017 \|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/43453017 \|access-date=19 July 2023}}</ref> [[George Lucas]],<ref name="The epic legacy of David Lean">{{cite news \|last1=Collins \|first1=Andrew \|title=The epic legacy of David Lean \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/may/04/features \|access-date=19 July 2023 \|work=The Guardian \|date=4 May 2008}}</ref> [[Spike Lee]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/02/spike-lee-12-cultural-influences.html\|title=Spike Lee on Malcolm X, Rashomon, and 8 Other Things That Have Influenced His Work\|website=Vulture\|date=12 February 2015 \|language=en-us\|access-date=25 February 2020\|archive-date=11 February 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211215454/https://www.vulture.com/2015/02/spike-lee-12-cultural-influences.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sergio Leone]],<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://exclaim.ca/film/article/good_bad_ugly-sergio_leone\|title=The Good, The Bad and The Ugly Sergio Leone\|website=exclaim.ca\|language=en-ca\|access-date=25 February 2020\|archive-date=20 September 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920175712/http://exclaim.ca/film/article/good_bad_ugly-sergio_leone\|url-status=live}}</ref> [[John Boorman\|Sir John Boorman]],<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Fitzpatrick \|first1=Richard \|title=Culture that made me: John Boorman on his influences through the decades \|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-30997575.html \|access-date=31 May 2022 \|work=Irish Examiner \|date=4 May 2020 \|archive-date=31 May 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531114503/https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-30997575.html \|url-status=live }}</ref> [[Paul Thomas Anderson]],<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Olsen \|first1=Mark \|title=Paul Thomas Anderson and collaborators unravel the mysteries of 'Phantom Thread' \|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-ca-mn-phantom-thread-paul-thomas-anderson-20171221-story.html \|access-date=31 May 2022 \|newspaper=LA Times \|date=21 December 2017 \|archive-date=31 May 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531114503/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-ca-mn-phantom-thread-paul-thomas-anderson-20171221-story.html \|url-status=live }}</ref> [[Lawrence Kasdan]]<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Private Screenings: Insiders Share a Century of Great Movie Moments\|author-link=Lawrence Kasdan\|last=Kasdan\|first=Lawrence\|publisher=The American Film Institute\|year=1995\|isbn=1-57036-151-7\|pages=91–93}}</ref> and [[Guillermo del Toro]].<ref>{{cite news \|last1=del Toro \|first1=Guillermo \|title=Guillermo del Toro: the books, TV, films and music that brought me to Crimson Peak \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/oct/10/guillermo-del-toro-the-books-tv-film-and-music-that-brought-me-to-crimson-peak \|access-date=1 June 2022 \|work=The Guardian \|date=10 October 2015 \|archive-date=1 June 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601164532/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/oct/10/guillermo-del-toro-the-books-tv-film-and-music-that-brought-me-to-crimson-peak \|url-status=live }}</ref> [[John Woo]] once named ''Lawrence of Arabia'' among his top three films.<ref>Perce Nev, [https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/callingtheshots/john_woo.shtml BBC] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129231922/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/callingtheshots/john_woo.shtml \|date=29 January 2020 }}. Retrieved 17 May 2007</ref> More recently, [[Joe Wright]] (''[[Pride & Prejudice (2005 film)\|Pride & Prejudice]]'', ''[[Atonement (2007 film)\|Atonement]]'') has cited Lean's works, particularly ''Doctor Zhivago'', as an important influence on his work,<ref>[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article4066844.ece ''Times Online'' report] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616123033/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article4066844.ece \|date=16 June 2011 }}</ref> as has director [[Christopher Nolan]] (''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]'').<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.thehollywoodnews.com/2012/07/31/christopher-nolan-reveals-five-films-that-influenced-the-dark-knight-rises/\|title=Christopher Nolan Reveals Five Films That Influenced 'The Dark Knight Rises'\|last=Baldock\|first=Luke Ryan\|date=31 July 2012\|website=THN – The Hollywood News\|language=en-GB\|access-date=25 February 2020\|archive-date=21 September 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921040244/http://www.thehollywoodnews.com/2012/07/31/christopher-nolan-reveals-five-films-that-influenced-the-dark-knight-rises/\|url-status=live}}</ref> Line 234 ⟶ 241: ==Award and nominations== {{main\|List of awards and nominations received by David Lean}} '''Directed Academy Award Performances''' {\| class="wikitable" !Year !Performer !Film !Result \|- \| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"\|'''[[Academy Award for Best Actor]]''' \|- \|[[30th Academy Awards\|1958]] \|[[Alec Guinness]] \|''[[The Bridge on the River Kwai]]'' \|{{won}} \|- \|[[35th Academy Awards\|1963]] \|[[Peter O'Toole]] \|''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)\|Lawrence of Arabia]]'' \|{{nom}} \|- \| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"\|'''[[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]]''' \|- \|[[30th Academy Awards\|1958]] \|[[Sessue Hayakawa]] \|''The Bridge on the River Kwai'' \|{{nom}} \|- \|[[35th Academy Awards\|1963]] \|[[Omar Sharif]] \|''Lawrence of Arabia'' \|{{nom}} \|- \|[[38th Academy Awards\|1966]] \|[[Tom Courtenay]] \|''[[Doctor Zhivago (film)\|Doctor Zhivago]]'' \|{{nom}} \|- \|[[43rd Academy Awards\|1971]] \|[[John Mills]] \|''[[Ryan's Daughter]]'' \|{{won}} \|- \| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"\|'''[[Academy Award for Best Actress]]''' \|- \|[[19th Academy Awards\|1946]] \|[[Celia Johnson]] \|''[[Brief Encounter]]'' \|{{nom}} \|- \|[[28th Academy Awards\|1956]] \|[[Katharine Hepburn]] \|''[[Summertime (1955 film)\|Summertime]]'' \|{{nom}} \|- \|[[43rd Academy Awards\|1971]] \|[[Sarah Miles]] \|''Ryan's Daughter'' \|{{nom}} \|- \|[[57th Academy Awards\|1985]] \|[[Judy Davis]] \|''[[A Passage to India (film)\|A Passage to India]]'' \|{{nom}} \|- \| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"\|'''[[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress]]''' \|- \|[[57th Academy Awards\|1985]] \|[[Peggy Ashcroft]] \|''A Passage to India'' \|{{won}} \|- \|} ==References== Line 244 ⟶ 323: * [[Alain Silver]] and [[James Ursini]], ''David Lean and his Films'', Silman-James, 1992. * Silverman, Stephen M., ''David Lean'', [[Abrams Books\|Harry N. Abrams]], 1989. * Santas, Constantine, ''The Epics Films of David Lean'', [[Scarecrow Press]], 2011. * Turner, Adrian ''The Making of David Lean's Lawrence of Arabia'', Dragon's World, Limpsfield UK, 1994. * Turner, Adrian ''Robert Bolt: Scenes from two lives'', (Hutchinson, London, 1998). * Williams, Melanie, ''David Lean'', Manchester University Press, 2014. * Morris, L. Robert and Lawrence Raskin, ''Lawrence of Arabia: the 30th Anniversary Pictorial History'', Anchor Books, Doubleday, 1992. Line 259 ⟶ 338: {{Commons category\|David Lean}} * {{IMDb name\|180}} * [http://www.bafta.org/archive/david-lean/ David Lean Archive] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818012700/http://www.bafta.org/archive/david-lean/\|date=18 August 2011}} on the [[BAFTA]] website. * {{Screenonline name\|446899}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050810075541/http://lean.bfi.org.uk/intro.php?isec=biography Biography at British Film Institute] Line 285 ⟶ 364: {{Golden Globe Award for Best Director}} {{National Board of Review Award for Best Director}} {{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director}} }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:~~David~~ Lean, David}} [[Category:David Lean\| ]] [[Category:1908 births]] [[Category:1991 deaths]] [[Category:20th-century British businesspeople]] [[Category:~~Knights~~20th-century ~~Bachelor~~Quakers]]▼ [[Category:AFI Life Achievement Award recipients]]▼ [[Category:BAFTA fellows]] [[Category:Best Directing Academy Award winners]] Line 302 ⟶ 387: [[Category:David di Donatello winners]] [[Category:Deaths from esophageal cancer in England]] ▲[[Category:Knights Bachelor]] ~~[[Category:People from Croydon]]~~ ~~[[Category:People educated at Leighton Park School]]~~ [[Category:Writers from the London Borough of Tower Hamlets]]▼ [[Category:Directors Guild of America Award winners]] [[Category:Directors of Best Picture Academy Award winners]] [[Category:Directors of Palme d'Or winners]] [[Category:Directors of Golden Bear winners]] ▲[[Category:AFI Life Achievement Award recipients]] [[Category:English-language film directors]] [[Category:~~20th-century~~Knights ~~British businesspeople~~Bachelor]] [[Category:~~20th-century~~People ~~Quakers~~educated at Leighton Park School]] [[Category:~~Directors~~People offrom ~~Best Picture Academy Award winners~~Croydon]] [[Category:Writers from the London Borough of Croydon]] ▲[[Category:Writers from the London Borough of Tower Hamlets]]