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'''Bengali music''' ({{
== History ==
The earliest music in Bengal was influenced by [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] chants, and evolved under the influence of [[Vaishnav]] poetry such as the 13th-century ''[[Gitagovindam]]'' by [[Jayadeva]], whose work continues to be sung in many eastern [[Hinduism|Hindu]] temples. The Middle Ages saw a mixture of Hindu and Islamic trends when the musical tradition was formalized under the patronage of [[Sultan and Nawab]]s and the powerful landlords ''[[Baro Bhuiyans|baro bhuiyans]]''.
The earliest record of [[Sufism in Bengal]] goes back to 11th century AD in connection with the continuation of Sufism in northern India. Shah Sultan Rumi was the first Sufi to come to Bengal, when he came to [[Mymensingh]] in 1053 AD.Sufism not only helped in the spread of Islam in Bengal, but also contributed to the eventual creation of a Muslim society in Bangladesh. Apart from the religiosity, the influence of the Sufis became attached to popular Bengali culture by the confluence of the murshidi, marfati and baul songs, and gazir gan. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/sufi-influence-in-bengal#:~:text=Sufism%20not%20only%20helped%20in,baul%20songs%2C%20and%20gazir%20gan | title=Sufi influence in Bengal | date=August 2013 }}</ref>
==Forms==
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The Bishnupur Gharana is the sole Classical (Drupad) gharana of Bengal. It originated in Bishnupur, Bankura by the court musicians of the Malla Kings. Bahadur Khan of Delhi, a descendant of the Tansen, was the father of Bishnupur Gharana. Bahadur Khan was brought to Bishnupur by Malla King Raghunath Singha II.
===Murshidi===
Murshidi Gan devotional folk songs that evolved and flourished mainly through sufis. The word 'murshid', derives from the Arabic 'ershad', and means 'to order or give advice'. A murshid gives advice to his disciples and leads them to the spiritual way by means of devotional rites.
===Baul===
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===Lalon Geeti===
{{Main|Lalon}}
The [[Bengali language|Bengali]] songs composed by [[Bengalis|Bengali]] saint, philosopher, and social reformer [[Lalon]] are called Lalon Geeti. Lalon was against religious conflict and many of his songs mock identity politics that divide communities and generate violence. He even rejected nationalism at the apex of the anti-colonial nationalist movements in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. He did not believe in classes or [[Caste|castes]], the fragmented, hierarchical society and took a stand against racism. Lalon does not fit the "[[mystical]]" or "spiritual" type who denies all worldly affairs in search of the soul: he embodies the socially transformative role of sub-continental [[bhakti]] and [[sufism]]. He believed in the power of music to alter the intellectual and emotional state in order to be able to understand and appreciate life itself.
It is estimated that Lalon composed about 2,000–10,000 songs, of which only about 800 songs are generally considered authentic. Lalon left no written copies of his songs, which were transmitted orally and only later transcribed by his followers. Lalon left no written copies of his songs, which were transmitted orally and only later transcribed by his followers. [[Rabindranath Tagore]] published some of the Lalon song in the monthly ''[[Prabasi]]'' magazine of Kolkata.
=== Hasan Raja "s Songs ===
This songs are composed by legendary Bengali mystic poet, songwriter, and philosopher , [[Hason Raja]], from Sylhet, Bangladesh. His songs focus on spiritual awakening, the transient nature of life, and the search for divinity within oneself. These compositions, often referred to as ''Baul songs'', are filled with mysticism, simplicity, and profound truth. Hasan Raja's works have inspired countless folk singers and spiritual enthusiasts.
===Rabindra Sangeet===
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Some of the notable exponents of Rabindrasangeet are [[Shantideb Ghosh]], [[Debabrata Biswas]], [[Pankaj Kumar Mullick]], [[Kalim Sharafi]], [[Kanika Bandyopadhyay]], [[Rajeshwari Datta]], [[Malati Ghoshal]], [[Nilima Sen]], [[Suchitra Mitra]], [[Aditi Mohsin]], [[Rezwana Choudhury Bannya]], [[Subinoy Roy]], [[Chinmoy Chattopadhyay|Chinmoy Chatterjee]], [[Hemanta Kumar Mukhopadhyay|Hemanta Mukhopadhyay]], [[Dwijen Mukhopadhyay]], [[Sagar Sen]], [[Santosh Thakur]], [[Purabi Mukhopadhyay]], [[Kabir Suman]], [[Banani Ghosh]], [[Mita Haque]], [[Indrani Sen]], [[Srikanto Acharya]], [[Shreya Guhathakurta]] [[Sahana Bajpaie]] [[Mohan Singh]]
Furthermore, it is believed that on December 27, 1931, Dhurjatiprasad Mukhopadhyay wrote an essay titled “রবীন্দ্রনাথের সংগীত” (Rabindranath’s Music) for Tagore’s 70th birth anniversary, in which the term “[https://www.brainwareuniversity.ac.in/celebrating-tagore/history-of-harmony-unravelling-the-roots-of-rabindrasangeet/ Rabindrasangeet]” was used for the first time. In January 1935, Kanak Das’s recording P11792, featuring “মনে রবে কিনা রবে আমারে” (“Whether or not I remain in your recollection”) and “কাছে যবে ছিল পাশে হল না যাওয়া” (“When you were near, I couldn’t reach you”) first used “[https://www.youtube.com/@pmbrainware/videos Rabindrasangeet]” on the label. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhowmick |first=Abira |title=History of Harmony: Unravelling the Roots of Rabindrasangeet |url=https://www.brainwareuniversity.ac.in/celebrating-tagore/history-of-harmony-unravelling-the-roots-of-rabindrasangeet/ |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=Celebrating Tagore - The Man, The Poet and The Musician |language=en-US}}</ref>
===Nazrul Geeti===
{{Main|Nazrul Geeti}}
[[File:Nazrul_teaching_Nazrul_Sangeet.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kazi Nazrul Islam|Nazrul]] teaching [[Nazrul Sangeet]]]]
'''Nazrul Sangeet''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: নজরুল সঙ্গীত), also '''Nazrul Geeti''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: নজরুল গীতি; <abbr>lit.</abbr> 'music of Nazrul'), refers to the songs written and composed by [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]], the national poet of Bangladesh. Nazrul Geeti incorporate revolutionary notions as well as more spiritual, philosophical and romantic themes. Nazrul wrote and composed nearly 4,000 songs (including gramophone records), which are widely popular in [[Bangladesh]] and [[India]]. Some of the most notable Nazrul Sangeet include ''[[Notuner Gaan]]'', the national [[March (music)|marching song]] of Bangladesh and ''[[O Mon Romzaner Oi Rozar Sheshe]],'' a Bengali [[Islamic music|Islamic song]] on the festival of the [[List of festivals in Bangladesh|Bengali celebration]] of [[Chand Raat]] and [[Eid-ul-Fitr]].
=== Jasimuddin Songs ===
▲Another influential body of work is that of [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]], which constitutes what is known as [[Complete Works of Kazi Nazrul Islam|Nazrul geeti]]. Some of the notable Nazrulgeeti singers from India include Suprova Sircar, Dhirendra Chandra Mitra, [[Manabendra Mukhopadhyay]], Dr. Anjali Mukhopadhyay, Dhiren Bose, Adhir Bagchi, Purabi Dutta, [[Firoza Begum (singer)|Firoza Begum]], [[Anup Ghoshal]], and, Bangladeshi singer [[Sohrab Hossain]].
'''Jasimuddin''' (1903–1976), also known as the '''Poet of the Village''', was a renowned Bengali poet, songwriter, and folklorist. His works often celebrated rural life, nature, and the simplicity of village Bengal. His songs are deeply rooted in folk traditions and are filled with emotional depth and lyrical beauty. A notable singer is [[Abbasuddin Ahmed]].
===Shyama Sangeet===
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Dwijendralal Ray's Dwijendrageeti (the Songs of Dwijendralal), which number over 500, create a separate subgenre of Bengali music. Two of Dwijendralal Ray's most famous compositions are Dhana Dhanya Pushpa Bhara and Banga Amar Janani Amar. Ray is regarded as one of the most important figures in early modern Bengali literature.
=== Rajjob Geeti ===
'''Rajjob Ali Dewan''' was a legendary Bengali folk singer, poet, and lyricist who made significant contributions to '''Bengali folk music''', particularly in the genres of '''Baul''', '''Bhatiali''', and '''Marfati (Sufi-inspired)''' songs. His works reflect rural life, spiritual love, and mysticism. Rajjob Ali Dewan's songs are cherished for their philosophical depth and connection to everyday life. Famaous singers of Rajjob getti are Abdul Alim , Momtaz Begum , Arif Dewan.
===Atulprasadi===
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Prabhát Saḿgiita also known as Songs of a New Dawn and Prabhat Songs, are songs composed by Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar. Sarkar composed a total of 5,018 songs including the lyrics and the tune, in a period of eight years from 1982 until his death in 1990, making using of eight different languages: Bengali, Hindi, English, Sanskrit, Urdu, Magahi, Maithili and Angika.
=== Mujbhandari Songs ===
'''Mujbhandari Songs''' are Islamic devotional songs associated with the '''Mujbhandari Sufi Order''', a renowned Sufi tradition originating in Bengal, particularly linked to the shrine of '''Hazrat Shah Sufi Syed Ahmad Ullah Mujbhandari''' of Chittagong, Bangladesh. These songs praise Allah, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and Sufi saints while promoting spiritual love, peace, and devotion..Famous Mujbhandari Singers are Sufi Samrat Abdul Gafur Hali, Jalal Uddin, Abdul Latit, Shafi Mondol and Arif Dewan.
=== Rajanikanta Sen's Songs ===
Rajanikanta Sen (1865–1910) was a renowned Bengali poet, composer, and lyricist known for his devotional songs, patriotic anthems, and emotional melodies. His songs reflect deep spirituality, patriotism, and love for humanity.
===Other===
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*[[Bhawaiya]]
*[[Polli Geeti]]
*[[Lokgeeti]]
*[[Fakir Gaan]]
*[[Dhamail]]
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==Modern Bengali music==
Modern Bengali music has been enriched by Indian singers like [[Jagmohan Sursagar|Jaganmoy Mitra]] (1918–2003) (who is considered a pioneer of modern song), as well as artists such as [[Hemanta Kumar Mukhopadhyay]], [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Manabendra Mukhopadhyay]], [[Sandhya Mukhopadhyay]], [[Manna Dey]], [[Sachin Dev Burman]], [[Rahul Dev Burman]], [[Bhupen Hazarika]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Asha Bhonsle]], [[Talat Mehmood]], [[Aarti Mukherji]], [[Kabir Suman]], [[Amit Kumar (singer)|Amit Kumar]], [[Shibaji Chatterjee]], [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Dhananjay Bhattacharya]], [[Shyamal Mitra]], Mehuli Thakur, [[Shreya Ghoshal]], Monali Thakur, [[Arijit Singh]], [[Mitali Mukherjee (singer)|Mitali Mukherjee]], [[Dwijen Mukhopadhyay]], [[Manabendra Mukhopadhyay]], [[Sachin Gupta]], [[Subir Sen]], [[Uma Bose]], [[Kanan Devi]], [[Utpala Sen]], [[Alpana Banerjee]], [[Sabita Chowdhury]], and D. L.Roy [[Dilip Kumar Roy]].
[[Tapan Chowdhury (singer)|Tapan Chowdhury]], [[Azam Khan (singer)|Azam Khan]], [[Abdul Jabbar]], [[Ferdousi Rahman]], [[Khurshid Alam]], [[Bashir Ahmad (singer)|Bashir Ahmad]], [[Syed Abdul Hadi]], [[Shahnaz Rahmatullah]], [[Kalim Sharafi]], [[Abida Sultana]], [[Kanak Chapa]], [[Shakila Zafar]], [[Samina Chowdhury]], [[Kumar Biswajit]], [[Arnob]], [[Farida Parveen]], [[Andrew Kishore]], [[James (musician)|James]], [[Ayub Bachchu]], [[Mila Islam|Mila]], [[Anusheh Anadil]], [[Sabina Yasmin]], and [[Runa Laila]] all hailing from Bangladesh.
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[[Krishna Chandra Dey]] and [[Pannalal Bhattacharya]], were famous for their renditions of devotional songs, while [[Abbasuddin Ahmed]], [[Kiran Chandra Roy]], [[Amar Pal]] were stalwarts in singing Bengali folk music.
Bengali music is highly indebted to [[Lalon]], [[Rabindranath Tagore]], [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]], [[Ramprasad Sen]] and [[Jasim Uddin]].
All traditional Bengali music is based on classical music or on its variations. Some of the most reputed classical musicians of the sub-continent come from Bengal including [[Ustad Allauddin Khan]], [[Tarapada Chakraborty]], [[Pandit Jnan Prakash Ghosh]] (1909–1987), Pandit [[Ravi Shankar]], Pandit [[Manas Chakraborty]], Ustad [[Ayet Ali Khan]] and Ustad [[Abed Hossain Khan]].
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====Famous bands====
;Bangladesh
Some famous Bangladeshi bands are [[Nova (Bangladeshi band)|Nova]], [[Azam Khan (singer)|Uccharon]], [[Ferdous Wahid|Spondan]], [[Souls (band)|Souls]], [[Obscure (band)|Obscure]], [[Different Touch]], [[Feedback (band)|Feedback]], [[Ark (Bangladeshi band)|Ark]], [[Miles (band)|Miles]], [[Love Runs Blind|LRB]], [[Warfaze]], [[Joler Gaan]], [[Dalchhut]], [[Avash]], [[Shironamhin]], [[
;India
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[[Category:Music of Indian subdivisions|Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali music| ]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Culture of West Bengal]]
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