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=== Ligatures ===
{{Main|Ligature (typography)}}
A [[ligature (typography)|ligature]] is a fusion of two or more ordinary letters into a new [[glyph]] or character. Examples are {{angle bracket|[[Æ]] æ}} (from {{angle bracket|AE}}, called
=== Diacritics ===
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{{Main|Diacritic}}
A diacritic, in some cases also called an accent, is a small symbol that can appear above or below a letter, or in some other position, such as the [[umlaut (diacritic)|umlaut sign]] used in the German characters {{angle bracket|[[ä]]}}, {{angle bracket|[[ö]]}}, {{angle bracket|[[ü]]}} or the Romanian characters [[ă]], [[â]], [[î]], [[S-comma|ș]], [[T-comma|ț]]. Its main function is to change the phonetic value of the letter to which it is added, but it may also modify the pronunciation of a whole syllable or word, indicate the start of a new syllable, or distinguish between [[homonym|homographs]] such as the [[Dutch language|Dutch]] words ''[[wikt:een|een]]'' ({{IPA
English is the only major modern [[Languages of Europe|European language]] that requires no diacritics for its native vocabulary{{NoteTag|In formal English writing, however, diacritics are often preserved on many loanwords, such as "café", "[[Naivety|naïve]]", "[[façade]]", "[[jalapeño]]" or the German prefix "[[über]]-".}}. Historically, in formal writing, a [[diaeresis (diacritic)|diaeresis]] was sometimes used to indicate the start of a new syllable within a sequence of letters that could otherwise be misinterpreted as being a single vowel (e.g., "coöperative", "reëlect"), but modern writing styles either omit such marks or use a hyphen to indicate a syllable break (e.g. "co-operative", "re-elect"). {{NoteTag|As an example, an article containing a [[diaeresis (diacritic)|diaeresis]] in "coöperate" and a [[cedilla]] in "façade" as well as a [[circumflex]] in the word "crêpe": {{cite magazine |first = Anthony |last = Grafton |url = http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/23/061023crbo_books?currentPage=all |title = Books: The Nutty Professors, The history of academic charisma |date = 23 October 2006 |magazine = [[The New Yorker]] }}}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2010 |title=The New Yorker's odd mark — the diaeresis |url=http://dscriber.com/news/121-the-new-yorkers-odd-mark-the-diaeresis |access-date=8 March 2022 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216160024/http://dscriber.com/news/121-the-new-yorkers-odd-mark-the-diaeresis |archive-date=16 December 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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=== Capitalization ===
{{Main|Letter case}}
The languages that use the Latin script today generally use [[capital letters]] to begin paragraphs and sentences and [[Noun#Proper nouns and common nouns|proper nouns]]. The rules for [[capitalization]] have changed over time, and different languages have varied in their rules for capitalization. [[Old English language|Old English]], for example, was rarely written with even proper nouns capitalized; whereas [[Modern English]] of the 18th century had frequently all nouns capitalized, in the same way that Modern [[German language|German]] is written today, e.g. {{
== Romanization ==
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[[Category:Latin script| ]]
[[Category:History of the Roman
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