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Line 4: {{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2020}} {{Infobox officeholder \| image = François Hollande 2019 (48754715472) (cropped 2).jpg ~~\| honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable\|The Honorable]]~~ \| ~~image~~caption = ~~François~~ Hollande ~~- 2017 (27869823159) (cropped~~in ~~2).jpg~~2019 \| ~~caption~~office = ~~Hollande~~[[President inof ~~2017~~France]] \| primeminister = [[Jean-Marc Ayrault]]<br />[[Manuel Valls]]<br />[[Bernard Cazeneuve]]▼ ~~\| office = 24th [[President of France]]~~ \| term_start = 15 May 2012 ▲\| primeminister = [[Jean-Marc Ayrault]]<br />[[Manuel Valls]]<br />[[Bernard Cazeneuve]] \| ~~term_start~~term_end = 1514 May ~~2012~~2017 \| ~~term_end~~predecessor = 14[[Nicolas ~~May 2017~~Sarkozy]] \| ~~predecessor~~successor = [[~~Nicolas~~Emmanuel ~~Sarkozy~~Macron]] \| office1 = [[President of the Departmental Council of Corrèze\|President of the General Council of Corrèze]]▼ ~~\| successor = [[Emmanuel Macron]]~~ \| term_start1 = 20 March 2008 ▲\| office1 = [[President of the Departmental Council of Corrèze\|President of the General Council of Corrèze]] \| ~~term_start1~~term_end1 = 2015 ~~March~~May ~~2008~~2012 \| ~~term_end1~~predecessor1 = 15[[Jean-Pierre ~~May 2012~~Dupont]] \| successor1 = {{Interlanguage link\|Gérard Bonnet\|lt=Gérard Bonnet\|fr\|Gérard Bonnet}}▼ ~~\| predecessor1 = [[Jean-Pierre Dupont]]~~ \| office2 = [[First Secretary of the Socialist Party (France)\|First Secretary of the Socialist Party]]▼ ▲\| successor1 = {{Interlanguage link\|Gérard Bonnet\|lt=Gérard Bonnet\|fr\|Gérard Bonnet}} \| term_start2 = 27 November 1997 ▲\| office2 = [[First Secretary of the Socialist Party (France)\|First Secretary of the Socialist Party]] \| ~~term_start2~~term_end2 = 27 November ~~1997~~2008 \| ~~term_end2~~predecessor2 = 27[[Lionel ~~November 2008~~Jospin]] \| ~~predecessor2~~successor2 = [[~~Lionel~~Martine ~~Jospin~~Aubry]] \| ~~successor2~~office3 = Mayor of [[~~Martine Aubry~~Tulle]] \| ~~office3~~ term_start3 = ~~Mayor~~17 ofMarch ~~[[Tulle]]~~2001 \| ~~term_start3~~term_end3 = 17 March ~~2001~~2008 \| ~~term_end3~~predecessor3 = 17[[Raymond-Max ~~March 2008~~Aubert]] \| ~~predecessor3~~successor3 = [[~~Raymond-Max~~Bernard ~~Aubert~~Combes]] \| office4 = Member of the [[National Assembly (France)\|National Assembly]]<br />for [[Corrèze]]'s [[Corrèze's 1st constituency\|1st]] constituency▼ ~~\| successor3 = [[Bernard Combes]]~~ \| term_start4 = 18 July 2024 ▲\| office4 = Member of the [[National Assembly (France)\|National Assembly]]<br />for [[Corrèze]]'s [[Corrèze's 1st constituency\|1st]] constituency \| ~~term_start4~~predecessor4 = 18 ~~July~~= [[Francis ~~2024~~Dubois]] \| ~~predecessor4~~term_start5 = ~~[[Francis~~12 June ~~Dubois]]~~1997 \| ~~term_start5~~term_end5 = 1214 ~~June~~May ~~1997~~2012 \| ~~term_end5~~predecessor5 = 14[[Lucien ~~May 2012~~Renaudie]] \| ~~predecessor5~~successor5 = ~~Lucien~~[[Sophie ~~Renaudie~~Dessus]] \| ~~successor5~~term_start6 = ~~[[Sophie~~23 June ~~Dessus]]~~1988 \| ~~term_start6~~term_end6 = 231 ~~June~~April ~~1988~~1993 \| ~~term_end6~~predecessor6 = 1''Constituency ~~April 1993~~re-established'' \| successor6 = Raymond-Max Aubert▼ ~~\| predecessor6 = ''Constituency re-established''~~ \| office7 = [[Member of the European Parliament]] ▲\| successor6 = Raymond-Max Aubert \| ~~office7~~ term_start7 = ~~[[Member of the~~20 ~~European~~July ~~Parliament]]~~1999 \| ~~term_start7~~term_end7 = 2017 ~~July~~December 1999 \| constituency7 = [[France (European Parliament constituency)\|France]]▼ ~~\| term_end7 = 17 December 1999~~ \| birth_name = François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande▼ ▲\| constituency7 = [[France (European Parliament constituency)\|France]] \| birth_date = {{birth date and age\|1954\|8\|12\|df=y}}▼ ▲\| birth_name = François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande \| birth_place = [[Rouen]], [[French Fourth Republic\|France]] ▲\| birth_date = {{birth date and age\|1954\|8\|12\|df=y}} \| ~~birth_place~~death_date = ~~[[Rouen]],~~ ~~[[France]]~~ = \| ~~death_date~~death_place = \| party = [[Socialist Party (France)\|Socialist Party]] ~~\| death_place =~~ \| ~~party~~partner = ~~[[Socialist Party (France)~~{{plainlist\|~~Socialist Party]]~~ * [[Ségolène Royal]] (1978–2007) ~~\| partner = {{ubl~~ \|* [[~~Ségolène~~Valérie ~~Royal~~Trierweiler]] (~~1978–2007~~2007–2014) ~~\| [[Valérie Trierweiler]] (2007–2014)~~ }} \| spouse = {{marriage\|[[Julie Gayet]]\|2022}} \| children = 4 \| residence = \| alma_mater = [[Panthéon-Assas University]]<br />[[HEC Paris]]<br />[[Sciences Po\|Sciences Po Paris]]<br />[[École nationale d'administration]] \| signature = François Hollande signature.svg \| branch = ~~{{army\|France}}~~[[French Army]] }} '''François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande''' ({{IPA-\|fr\|fʁɑ̃swa ʒeʁaʁ ʒɔʁʒ(ə) nikɔla ɔlɑ̃d\|lang\|Fr-François Hollande.ogg}}; born 12 August 1954) is a French politician who served as [[President of France]] from 2012 to 2017. ~~Prior to~~Before his presidency, he was [[First Secretary of the Socialist Party (France)\|First Secretary]] of the [[Socialist Party (France)\|Socialist Party]] (PS) from 1997 to 2008, [[Mayor (France)\|Mayor]] of [[Tulle]] from 2001 to 2008, as well as President of the [[Departmental Council of Corrèze\|General Council of Corrèze]] from 2008 to 2012. He also ~~holds~~held the [[Corrèze's 1st constituency\|1st constituency]] of [[Corrèze]] seat in the [[National Assembly (France)\|National Assembly]] for the third time, first from 1988 to 1993, then from 1997 until 2012 and was reelected in 2024. Born in [[Rouen]] and raised in [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]], Hollande began his political career as a special advisor to newly elected President [[François Mitterrand]], before serving as a staffer for [[Max Gallo]], the government's spokesman. He became a member of the National Assembly in [[1988 French legislative election\|1988]] and was elected First Secretary of the PS in 1997. Following the [[2004 French regional elections\|2004 regional elections]] won by the PS, Hollande was cited as a potential presidential candidate, but he resigned as First Secretary and was immediately elected to replace [[Jean-Pierre Dupont]] as President of the [[Departmental council (France)\|General Council]] of [[Corrèze]] in 2008. In 2011, Hollande announced that he would be a candidate in the [[2011 French Socialist Party presidential primary\|primary election]] to select the PS presidential nominee; he won the nomination against [[Martine Aubry]], before he was [[2012 French presidential election\|elected to the presidency]] (becoming also, ''[[ex officio]]'', [[Co-Princes of Andorra\|Co-Prince of Andorra]]) on 6 May 2012 in the second round with 51.6% of the vote, defeating incumbent [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]. During his tenure, Hollande legalized [[Same-sex marriage in France\|same-sex marriage]] by passing [[Law 2013-404\|Bill no. 344]], [[El Khomri law\|reformed]] labour laws and credit training programmes, signed a law restricting the ''[[Dual mandate\|cumul des mandats]]'', and withdrew [[French forces in Afghanistan]],<ref name="guardianAC1" /><ref name=":0" /> in addition to concluding an [[EU Directive 2010/63/EU\|EU directive on the protection of animals in laboratory research]] through a [[France–Germany relations\|Franco-German contract]]. Hollande led the country through the [[January 2015 Île-de-France attacks\|January]] and [[November 2015 Paris attacks\|November 2015 Paris]] attacks, as well as the [[2016 Nice truck attack\|2016 Nice attack]]. He was a leading proponent of [[2015 European migrant crisis\|EU mandatory migrant quotas]] and [[NATO]]'s [[2011 military intervention in Libya\|2011 military intervention]] in [[Libya]]. He also sent troops to [[Mali]] and the [[Central African Republic]] with the approval of the UN Security Council in order to stabilise those countries, two operations however largely seen as failures. He drew controversy among his left-wing electoral base for supporting the [[Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen\|Saudi Arabian-led intervention]] in [[Yemen]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://news.sky.com/story/eu-must-be-firm-on-hard-brexit-warns-francois-hollande-10607872 \|title=EU must be firm on 'hard' Brexit, says Hollande \|publisher=Sky News \|language=en-GB \|date=7 October 2016 \|access-date=4 December 2016 \|archive-date=13 February 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213101342/https://news.sky.com/story/eu-must-be-firm-on-hard-brexit-warns-francois-hollande-10607872 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/07/uk-must-pay-price-for-brexit-says-francois-hollande \|title=UK must pay price for Brexit, says François Hollande \|last=Chrisafis \|first=Angelique \|date=7 October 2016 \|newspaper=The Guardian \|language=en-GB \|issn=0261-3077 \|access-date=4 December 2016 \|archive-date=13 February 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213101021/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/07/uk-must-pay-price-for-brexit-says-francois-hollande \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Horobin">{{cite news \|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/french-president-hollande-says-he-wont-run-for-re-election-1480620696 \|title=French President François Hollande Says He Won't Run for Re-Election\|last=Horobin \|first=William \|date=1 December 2016\|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal \|issn=0099-9660 \|access-date=4 December 2016 \|archive-date=15 February 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215004633/https://www.wsj.com/articles/french-president-hollande-says-he-wont-run-for-re-election-1480620696 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Under Hollande’s presidency, Paris hosted the [[2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference]], and his efforts to bring the [[2024 Summer Olympics]] to the city were successful. However, with domestic troubles – in particular due to Islamic terrorism – over the course of his tenure, and unemployment rising to 10%,<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://en.rfi.fr/france/20130506-why-francois-hollande-so-unpopular-france \|title=Why is François Hollande so unpopular in France? \|date=6 May 2013 \|publisher=RFI \|language=en-GB \|access-date=4 December 2016 \|archive-date=20 December 2016 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220070135/http://en.rfi.fr/france/20130506-why-francois-hollande-so-unpopular-france \|url-status=live}}</ref> he faced spikes and downturns in approval rates, ultimately making him the most unpopular head of state under the [[French Fifth Republic\|Fifth Republic]].<ref>{{cite news \|last=Chrisafis \|first=Angelique \|title=François Hollande becomes most unpopular French president ever \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/29/francois-hollande-most-unpopular-president \|date=29 October 2013 \|newspaper=The Guardian \|language=en-GB \|issn=0261-3077 \|access-date=4 December 2016 \|archive-date=10 May 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510090709/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/29/francois-hollande-most-unpopular-president \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/07/05/nearly-90-percent-of-the-french-now-disapprove-of-their-president/\|title=Nearly 90 percent of the French now disapprove of their president\|newspaper=The Washington Post\|access-date=2016-12-04\|archive-date=10 May 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510132604/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/07/05/nearly-90-percent-of-the-french-now-disapprove-of-their-president/\|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 December 2016, he announced he would not seek reelection in the [[2017 French presidential election\|2017 presidential election]], for which [[Opinion polling for the 2017 French presidential election\|polls]] suggested his defeat in the first round. ==Early life and education== Line 153 ⟶ 152: ===Approval ratings=== An IFOP poll released in April 2014 showed that Hollande's approval rating had dropped five points since the previous month of March to 18%, dipping below his earlier low of 20% in February during the same year.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ifop.fr/media/poll/2601-1-study_file.pdf \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=12 August 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115108/http://www.ifop.fr/media/poll/2601-1-study_file.pdf \|archive-date=26 August 2014 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> In November 2014, his approval rating reached a new low of 12%, according to a YouGov poll.<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Sage\|first1=Alexandria\|title=Hollande popularity plumbs new low in mid-term French poll\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-hollande-idUSKBN0IQ14R20141106\|access-date=7 November 2014\|work=Reuters\|date=6 November 2014\|archive-date=14 April 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414232105/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-hollande-idUSKBN0IQ14R20141106\|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the [[Charlie Hebdo shooting\|''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting]] in January 2015, however, approval for Hollande increased dramatically, reaching 40% according to an IFOP poll two weeks after the attack,<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.newsweek.com/french-presidents-popularity-rating-doubles-following-charlie-hebdo-attacks-300518\|title=French President's Popularity Rating Doubles Following Paris Attacks\|first=Damien\|last=Sharkov\|date=19 January 2015\|access-date=11 February 2015\|newspaper=Newsweek\|archive-date=19 April 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419102845/https://www.newsweek.com/french-presidents-popularity-rating-doubles-following-charlie-hebdo-attacks-300518\|url-status=live}}</ref> though an Ipsos-Le Point survey in early February showed his rating declining back to 30%.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-poll-hollande-idUKKBN0LD2CH20150209\|title=Hollande, Valls approval ratings drop - poll\|work=Reuters\|date=9 February 2015\|access-date=11 February 2015\|archive-date=14 April 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414231826/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-poll-hollande-idUKKBN0LD2CH20150209\|url-status=~~live~~dead}}</ref> Hollande ultimately registered the least popularity for a president of the [[French Fifth Republic]]. In September 2014, his approval rating was down to 13% according to an IFOP/JDD survey.<ref name= Line 171 ⟶ 170: On 15 June 2024, Hollande announced his candidacy for the [[New Popular Front]] in the [[Corrèze's 1st constituency\|first constituency of Corrèze]] for the [[2024 French legislative election]].<ref>{{Cite web \|last=France \|first=Centre \|date=2024-06-15 \|title=Législatives 2024 - L'ancien président de la République François Hollande candidat dans la première circonscription de Corrèze \|url=https://www.lamontagne.fr/tulle-19000/actualites/l-ancien-president-de-la-republique-francois-hollande-candidat-dans-la-premiere-circonscription-de-correze_14518728/ \|access-date=2024-06-15 \|website=www.lamontagne.fr}}</ref> Hollande's decision to contest the election was considered surprising, including among fellow PS members.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=2024-07-07 \|title=French elections: Former president François Hollande elected to Parliament \|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2024/07/07/former-french-president-francois-hollande-elected-to-parliament_6676986_5.html \|access-date=2024-07-12 \|work=Le Monde \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Crisp \|first=James \|last2=Song \|first2=Vivian \|date=2024-06-21 \|title=François Hollande is back - and he’s breaking France \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/06/21/francois-hollande-president-normal-popular-front-return/ \|access-date=2024-07-12 \|work=The Telegraph \|language=en-GB \|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> He qualified, in first place, for a three-way second round against candidates from the [[National Rally]] and [[The Republicans (France)\|The Republicans]],<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2024-07-02 \|title=Former president François Hollande qualifies for second round of snap… \|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2024/06/30/former-president-francois-hollande-qualifies-for-second-round-of-snap-elections_6676233_5.html \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240702143712/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2024/06/30/former-president-francois-hollande-qualifies-for-second-round-of-snap-elections_6676233_5.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2024-07-02 \|access-date=2024-07-02 \|website=archive.ph}}</ref> and was elected with 43 percent of the vote in the runoff.<ref>{{Cite web \|access-date=July 8, 2024 \|title=Second round results in Corrèze’s first constituency \|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/resultats-legislatives-2024/nouvelle-aquitaine/correze/#circonscription-01 \|website=Le Monde}}</ref> ==Personal life== Line 184 ⟶ 183: Hollande was raised [[Catholicism\|Catholic]], but became an [[agnostic]] later in life.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.directmatin.fr/article/27399\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130106181916/http://www.directmatin.fr/article/27399\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=6 January 2013\|title=Prince et chanoine : les nouveaux métiers de Hollande\|publisher=Direct Matin \|access-date=18 June 2012}}</ref> He now considers himself to be an [[atheist]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.europe1.fr/Politique/Francois-Hollande-un-athee-tres-discret-1780573/\|title=François Hollande, un athée très discret\|last1=Duchemin\|first1=Rémi\|date=23 January 2014\|website=Europe1.fr\|publisher=Europe 1\|access-date=13 July 2014\|language=fr\|archive-date=2 December 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202140958/http://www.europe1.fr/politique/francois-hollande-un-athee-tres-discret-1780573\|url-status=live}}</ref> but still professes respect for all religious practices.<ref name="origines">{{cite news\|last=Elkaïm\|first=Olivia\|date=5 April 2012\|title=François Hollande : des origines protestantes hollandaises\|language=French\|work=[[La Vie (magazine)\|La Vie]]\|url=http://www.lavie.fr/actualite/france/francois-hollande-des-origines-protestantes-hollandaises-04-05-2012-27124_4.php\|access-date=3 February 2013\|archive-date=21 September 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053440/http://www.lavie.fr/actualite/france/francois-hollande-des-origines-protestantes-hollandaises-04-05-2012-27124_4.php\|url-status=live}} ("En décembre dernier, François Hollande confiait à La Vie : 'Je n'ai aucune pratique religieuse. Mais je respecte toutes les confessions. La mienne est de ne pas en avoir.'")</ref> Hollande is commonly nicknamed [[Flanby]], a popular dessert similar to [[flan]], as it embodies a political wobbliness and pudginess often attributed to him by his critics.<ref>{{citation\| url = http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/11295148-978e-11e1-9b05-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1uJsLgJce \|title = Sarkozy pays price for being crisis president\| work = www.ft.com\| first = Scheherazade \| last = Daneshkhu\|date = 6 May 2012\| quote=''Mr Sarkozy has frequently contrasted his own experience, dynamism and firm character with the lack of public office of his rural political rival, nicknamed Mr Flanby after a wobbly caramel pudding with a soft-centre''}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/16/world/europe/opinion-time-hollande-got-his-affairs-in-order/index.html\| title =Opinion: Personal or political, it's time Hollande got his affairs in order\| first = Nina \|last =dos Santos\|date = 17 January 2014\| work = edition.cnn.com\| quote =''"Flanby," or "milk pudding," is what the French used to call Francois Hollande before electing him president''}}</ref><ref>{{citation\| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/15/magazine/the-soft-middle-of-francois-hollande.html?_r=0\| title = The Soft Middle of François Hollande\|quote = ''He used to be referred to as “Flanby,” after a brand of wobbly caramel pudding, just one of a string of insulting nicknames for a convivial man considered always at the second rank of politics. He has been called “a living marshmallow” and “Mr. Little Jokes,” and just last year, Martine Aubry, the head of the Socialist Party, described him as a couille molle, a nasty way of saying he has no guts''\| work = www.nytimes.com\| date = 13 April 2013\|first = Steve\| last = Erlanger}}</ref> ==Honours and decorations== Line 255 ⟶ 256: \| [[File:Order of the Netherlands Lion ribbon - Knight Grand Cross.svg\|80px]] \|\| [[Netherlands]] \|\| Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Netherlands Lion]] \|\| 20 January 2014<ref>{{in lang\|nl}} Telegraaf, [http://www.telegraaf.nl/binnenland/22226644/__Koning_krijgt_Franse_onderscheiding__.html Koning krijgt grootkruis van Legioen van Eer] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227165340/http://www.telegraaf.nl/binnenland/22226644/__Koning_krijgt_Franse_onderscheiding__.html \|date=27 February 2014 }}</ref> \|- \|[[File:~~Ordre~~BEL de- ~~Léopold~~Order GCof ~~ribbon~~Leopold - Grand Cordon bar.svg\|80x80px]] \|[[Belgium]] \|Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)\|Order of Leopold]] Line 406 ⟶ 407: {{s-aft\|after=[[Emmanuel Macron]]}} {{s-prec}} {{s-bef\|before=[[Nicolas Sarkozy]]\|as=~~Former~~former President of the Republic}} {{s-ttl\|title=[[French order of precedence\|Order of precedence of France]]<br />''~~{{small\|~~Former President of the Republic}}''\|}} {{s-aft\|after=[[~~Bruno~~Élisabeth ~~Le Maire~~Borne]]\|as=Minister of ~~Economy~~State,<br />Minister of National Education, of Higher Education,<br />Research and ~~Finance~~Innovation}} {{s-end}} Line 424 ⟶ 425: [[Category:François Hollande\| ]] [[Category:1954 births]] [[Category:Living people]]▼ [[Category:Candidates in the 2012 French presidential election]] [[Category:Presidents of France]] Line 430 ⟶ 432: [[Category:Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic]] [[Category:Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic]] [[Category:Deputies of the 17th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic]] [[Category:HEC Paris alumni]]▼ [[Category:École nationale d'administration alumni]] [[Category:French atheists]] Line 435 ⟶ 439: [[Category:Former Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Government of Andorra]] ▲[[Category:HEC Paris alumni]] ▲[[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Lycée Pasteur (Neuilly-sur-Seine) alumni]] [[Category:Mayors of places in Nouvelle-Aquitaine]] Line 457 ⟶ 459: [[Category:Members of Parliament for Corrèze]] [[Category:21st-century presidents of France]] [[Category:Members of the Constitutional Council (France)]]