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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{YearAbout dabyear|685}}
{{Year nav|685}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:Cædwalla in Barnard Chichester mural (full body).jpg|{{Largethumb}}upright=1.35|rightthumb|King [[Cædwalla of Wessex]] (c. 659–688)]]
__NOTOC__
Year '''685''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCLXXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. The denomination 685 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
 
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
 
=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* September[[July 10]] &ndash; Emperor [[Constantine IV]] dies of [[dysentery]] at [[Constantinople]] after a 17-year reign, and is succeeded by his 16-year-old son [[Justinian II]].<ref name="{{sfn|Kazhdan, |1991|p. 1084">Kazhdan, p. =1084</ref>}}
 
==== Europe ====
* [[Kuber]], brother of [[Asparukh of Bulgaria]], defeats the [[Eurasian Avars (Carpathians)|Avars]] in [[Syrmia]] ([[Pannonia (Roman province)|Pannonia]]). He leads his followers of around 70,000 people to [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]] (modern [[Republic ofNorth Macedonia]]).
 
==== Britain ====
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Battle of Dun Nechtain]]: The [[Picts]] under kingKing [[Bridei III]] revolt against their Northumbrian overlords. [[Cuthbert]], bishop of [[Lindisfarne]], advises kingKing [[Ecgfrith of Northumbria|Ecgfrith]] (Bridei's cousin) not to invade Pictland (modern [[Scotland]]). Undeterred, Ecgfrith marches his army north to engage the enemy near [[Dunnichen]]. The Picts, possibly with [[Scottish people|Scottish]] and [[Strathclyde]] [[Britons (Celtic people)|Briton]] help, defeat the [[Saxons|Saxon]] guard., killing Ecgfrith, iswho killedhas afterreigned afor 15-year reignyears, routing his army and forcing the [[Anglo-Saxon]]s to withdraw south of the [[River Forth]]. ▼
*it rained blood in Britain and milk and butter were turned into blood.Go investigate What happened that year All over the world?!!
* King [[Centwine of Wessex]] dies after a 9-year reign and is succeeded by his distant cousin, [[Cædwalla of Wessex|Cædwalla]], who manages to fully re-unite the sub-kingdoms of [[Wessex]]. He attacks with a large army [[Kingdom of Sussex|Sussex]] with a large army, and kills kingKing [[Æthelwealh of Sussex|Æthelwealh]] in battle, in the [[South Downs]] ([[Hampshire]]).<ref name="InSaxonSx">Alec Hamilton-Barr. In Saxon Sussex. The Arundel Press, Bognor Regis, p. 21</ref> He is expelled by Æthelwealh's [[ealdormanealdormen]], [[Berthun of Sussex|Berthun]] and [[Andhun of Sussex|Andhun]], who are jointly rule the South Saxons. Cædwalla invades [[Kingdom of Kent|Kent]], lays it waste, and carries ofoff an immense [[Looting|booty]].<ref>A Chronicle of England (B.C. 55–A.D. 1485), by James. E. Doyle (1864). "The Saxons", p. 37</ref> ▼
▲* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Battle of Dun Nechtain]]: The [[Picts]] under king [[Bridei III]] revolt against their Northumbrian overlords. [[Cuthbert]], bishop of [[Lindisfarne]], advises king [[Ecgfrith of Northumbria|Ecgfrith]] not to invade Pictland (modern [[Scotland]]). Undeterred, Ecgfrith marches his army north to engage the enemy near [[Dunnichen]]. The Picts, possibly with [[Scottish people|Scottish]] and [[Strathclyde]] [[Britons (Celtic people)|Briton]] help, defeat the [[Saxons|Saxon]] guard. Ecgfrith is killed after a 15-year reign, routing his army and forcing the [[Anglo-Saxon]]s to withdraw south of the [[River Forth]].
* [[Aldfrith of Northumbria|Aldfrith]], illegitimate half-brother of Ecgfrith, becomes (possibly with [[Irish people|Irish]] and Scottish help) king of [[Northumbria]]. He is brought from [[Iona]] ([[Inner Hebrides]]), where he is studying for a career in the [[Catholic Church|church]].▼
▲* King [[Centwine of Wessex]] dies after a 9-year reign and is succeeded by his distant cousin, [[Cædwalla of Wessex|Cædwalla]], who manages to fully re-unite the sub-kingdoms of [[Wessex]]. He attacks with a large army [[Kingdom of Sussex|Sussex]] and kills king [[Æthelwealh of Sussex|Æthelwealh]] in battle in the [[South Downs]] ([[Hampshire]]).<ref name="InSaxonSx">Alec Hamilton-Barr. In Saxon Sussex. The Arundel Press, Bognor Regis, p. 21</ref> He is expelled by Æthelwealh's [[ealdorman]], [[Berthun of Sussex|Berthun]] and [[Andhun of Sussex|Andhun]], who are jointly rule the South Saxons. Cædwalla invades [[Kingdom of Kent|Kent]], lays it waste, and carries of an immense [[Looting|booty]].<ref>A Chronicle of England (B.C. 55–A.D. 1485), by James. E. Doyle (1864). "The Saxons", p. 37</ref>
* King [[Eadric of Kent|Eadric]] revolts against his uncle [[Hlothhere of Kent|Hlothhere]], and defeats him in battle. He becomes sole ruler of Kent until his death in [[686]].▼
▲* [[Aldfrith of Northumbria|Aldfrith]], illegitimate half-brother of Ecgfrith, becomes possibly with [[Irish people|Irish]] and Scottish help king of [[Northumbria]]. He is brought from [[Iona]] ([[Inner Hebrides]]), where he is studying for a career in the [[Catholic Church|church]].
▲* King [[Eadric of Kent|Eadric]] revolts against his uncle [[Hlothhere of Kent|Hlothhere]] and defeats him in battle. He becomes sole ruler of Kent until his death in [[686]].
 
==== Arabian Empire ====
* [[Battle of 'Ayn al-Warda]]: AAn [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] army (20,000 men) under [[Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni|Husayn ibn Numayr]] defeatdefeats the pro-[[Alids|Alid]] [[Kufa]]ns at [[Ras al-Ayn, al-Hasakah Governorate|Ras al-'Ayn]] ([[Syria]]). ▼
*Yazid ibn Muawiya killed Imam Hussain And his helpers brutally. Also they killed his sons even though his six months old son.
* [[May 7]] &ndash; Caliph [[Marwan I]] dies at [[Damascus]], and is succeeded by his son [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]].▼
▲* [[Battle of 'Ayn al-Warda]]: A [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] army (20,000 men) under [[Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni|Husayn ibn Numayr]] defeat the pro-[[Alids|Alid]] [[Kufa]]ns at [[Ras al-Ayn, al-Hasakah Governorate|Ras al-'Ayn]] ([[Syria]]).
 
▲* [[May 7]] &ndash; Caliph [[Marwan I]] dies at [[Damascus]] and is succeeded by his son [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]].
[[File:Second Fitna Territorial Control Map ca 686.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Mukhtar controlled much of Iraq from October 685 until the end of 686.{{legend|#FA738B|Region controlled by Abd al-Malik}} {{legend|#7FE37F|Region under the control of Mukhtar}} {{legend|#6BB0D7
|Regions under the control/influence of Ibn al-Zubayr}} {{legend|#EEE40D|[[Kharijite]] controlled areas}}]]
 
==== China ====
* Empress [[Wu Zetian]] sends a pair of [[giant panda]]s to the [[Japan|Japanese]]ese court of emperor [[Emperor Tenmu|Tenmu]], as a [[Panda diplomacy|diplomatic gift]] (approximate date).
* Wu Zetian [[exile]]s her son [[Emperor Zhongzong of Tang|Zhong Zong]], former emperor of the [[Tang Dynastydynasty]], and his family to the island of Fang Zhou.<ref>The Events of the Tang Dynasty: "Time line of the Tang Dynasty" (Tang Zhong Zong 684–685 A.D)</ref>
 
=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Pope Benedict II]] dies at [[Rome]] after a reign of less than 11 months. He is succeeded by [[Pope John V|John V]] as the 82nd [[pope]].
* [[John Maron]] is elected as the first [[patriarch]] in the [[Maronite Church]] (approximate date).
</onlyinclude>
 
== Births ==
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Emperor Xuanzong of Tang|Xuan Zong]], emperor of the Tang Dynastydynasty (d. [[762]])▼
* [[Kul Tigin]], general and prince of the [[Second Turkic Khaganate]] (d. [[731]])
* [[Leo III the Isaurian|Leo III]], emperor of the [[Byzantine Empire]] (d. [[741]])
* [[Li Xianhui]], princess of the [[Tang dynasty|Tang Dynasty]] (d. [[701]])
* [[Miao Jinqing]], [[Chancellorchancellor of the Tang dynasty|chancellor]] of the Tang Dynasty (d. [[765]])
* [[Pelagius of Asturias|Pelagius]], king of [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]] (approximate date)
* [[Theodbert of Bavaria|Theodbert]], duke of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (approximate date)
▲* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Emperor Xuanzong of Tang|Xuan Zong]], emperor of the Tang Dynasty (d. [[762]])
 
== Deaths ==
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Hlothhere of Kent|Hlothhere]], king of [[Kingdom of Kent|Kent]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cheney |first1=Christopher Robert |last2=Jones |first2=Michael |title=A Handbook of Dates: For Students of British History |date=6 April 2000 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-77845-9 |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9_Fakx-flCkC&pg=PA23 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Pope Benedict II|Benedict II]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (b. [[635]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Benedict II {{!}} pope |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Benedict-II |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=15 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Ecgfrith of Northumbria|Ecgfrith]], king of [[Northumbria]]▼
* [[Æthelwealh of Sussex|Æthelwealh]], king of [[Kingdom of Sussex|Sussex]]
* [[Anania Shirakatsi]], Armenian [[astronomer]] (b. [[610]])
* [[Pope Benedict II|Benedict II]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (b. [[635]])
* [[Beornhæth]], Anglo-Saxon nobleman
* [[Centwine of Wessex|Centwine]], king of [[Wessex]] (approximate date)
* [[Constantine IV]], Byzantine emperor (b. [[652]])
* [[Liu Rengui]], chancellor of the Tang Dynastydynasty (b. [[602]])▼
▲* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Ecgfrith of Northumbria|Ecgfrith]], king of [[Northumbria]]
* [[Hlothhere of Kent|Hlothhere]], king of [[Kingdom of Kent|Kent]]
▲* [[Liu Rengui]], chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. [[602]])
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[Marwan I]], Muslim [[caliph]] (b. [[623]])
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
 
=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Kazhdan |editor-first=Alexander Petrovich |editor-link=Alexander Kazhdan |date=1991 |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium |location=New York and Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3u5RAAACAAJ |isbn=978-0-19-504652-6}}
{{refend}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:685}}
[[Category:685| ]]
 
[[da:680'erne#685]]
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