685: Difference between revisions

{{YearAbout dabyear|685}}

[[File:Cædwalla in Barnard Chichester mural (full body).jpg|{{Largethumb}}upright=1.35|rightthumb|King [[Cædwalla of Wessex]] (c. 659–688)]]

Year '''685''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCLXXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. The denomination 685 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

* September[[July 10]] &ndash; Emperor [[Constantine IV]] dies of [[dysentery]] at [[Constantinople]] after a 17-year reign, and is succeeded by his 16-year-old son [[Justinian II]].<ref name="{{sfn|Kazhdan, |1991|p. 1084">Kazhdan, p. =1084</ref>}}

* [[Kuber]], brother of [[Asparukh of Bulgaria]], defeats the [[Eurasian Avars (Carpathians)|Avars]] in [[Syrmia]] ([[Pannonia (Roman province)|Pannonia]]). He leads his followers of around 70,000 people to [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]] (modern [[Republic ofNorth Macedonia]]).

* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Battle of Dun Nechtain]]: The [[Picts]] under kingKing [[Bridei III]] revolt against their Northumbrian overlords. [[Cuthbert]], bishop of [[Lindisfarne]], advises kingKing [[Ecgfrith of Northumbria|Ecgfrith]] (Bridei's cousin) not to invade Pictland (modern [[Scotland]]). Undeterred, Ecgfrith marches his army north to engage the enemy near [[Dunnichen]]. The Picts, possibly with [[Scottish people|Scottish]] and [[Strathclyde]] [[Britons (Celtic people)|Briton]] help, defeat the [[Saxons|Saxon]] guard., killing Ecgfrith, iswho killedhas afterreigned afor 15-year reignyears, routing his army and forcing the [[Anglo-Saxon]]s to withdraw south of the [[River Forth]].

* King [[Centwine of Wessex]] dies after a 9-year reign and is succeeded by his distant cousin, [[Cædwalla of Wessex|Cædwalla]], who manages to fully re-unite the sub-kingdoms of [[Wessex]]. He attacks with a large army [[Kingdom of Sussex|Sussex]] with a large army, and kills kingKing [[Æthelwealh of Sussex|Æthelwealh]] in battle, in the [[South Downs]] ([[Hampshire]]).<ref name="InSaxonSx">Alec Hamilton-Barr. In Saxon Sussex. The Arundel Press, Bognor Regis, p. 21</ref> He is expelled by Æthelwealh's [[ealdormanealdormen]], [[Berthun of Sussex|Berthun]] and [[Andhun of Sussex|Andhun]], who are jointly rule the South Saxons. Cædwalla invades [[Kingdom of Kent|Kent]], lays it waste, and carries ofoff an immense [[Looting|booty]].<ref>A Chronicle of England (B.C. 55–A.D. 1485), by James. E. Doyle (1864). "The Saxons", p. 37</ref>

* [[Aldfrith of Northumbria|Aldfrith]], illegitimate half-brother of Ecgfrith, becomes (possibly with [[Irish people|Irish]] and Scottish help) king of [[Northumbria]]. He is brought from [[Iona]] ([[Inner Hebrides]]), where he is studying for a career in the [[Catholic Church|church]].

* King [[Eadric of Kent|Eadric]] revolts against his uncle [[Hlothhere of Kent|Hlothhere]], and defeats him in battle. He becomes sole ruler of Kent until his death in [[686]].

* [[Battle of 'Ayn al-Warda]]: AAn [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] army (20,000 men) under [[Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni|Husayn ibn Numayr]] defeatdefeats the pro-[[Alids|Alid]] [[Kufa]]ns at [[Ras al-Ayn, al-Hasakah Governorate|Ras al-'Ayn]] ([[Syria]]).

* [[May 7]] &ndash; Caliph [[Marwan I]] dies at [[Damascus]], and is succeeded by his son [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]].

* Empress [[Wu Zetian]] sends a pair of [[giant panda]]s to the [[Japan|Japanese]]ese court of emperor [[Emperor Tenmu|Tenmu]], as a [[Panda diplomacy|diplomatic gift]] (approximate date).

* Wu Zetian [[exile]]s her son [[Emperor Zhongzong of Tang|Zhong Zong]], former emperor of the [[Tang Dynastydynasty]], and his family to the island of Fang Zhou.<ref>The Events of the Tang Dynasty: "Time line of the Tang Dynasty" (Tang Zhong Zong 684–685 A.D)</ref>

* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Pope Benedict II]] dies at [[Rome]] after a reign of less than 11 months. He is succeeded by [[Pope John V|John V]] as the 82nd [[pope]].

* [[Li Xianhui]], princess of the [[Tang Dynastydynasty]] (d. [[701]])

* [[Theodbert of Bavaria|Theodbert]], duke of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (approximate date)