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{{Short description|Numerical symbol}}
{{
{{Redirect|Decimal period|the period of a repeating decimal fraction|Repeating decimal}}
{{Numeral systems}}
{{Cleanup|Conventions worldwide, Examples of use|reason=Use by region is inconsistent, inaccurate, and are poorly formatted.|date=March 2023}}▼
A '''decimal separator''' is a symbol used to separate the [[integer]] part from the [[fractional part]] of a [[number]] written in [[decimal]] form (e.g. "." in 12.45). Different countries officially designate different symbols for use as the separator. The choice of symbol also affects the choice of symbol for the [[thousands separator]] used in digit grouping.▼
[[FIle:Decimal separators.svg|thumb|alt=Four types of separating decimals: a) 1,234.56. b) 1.234,56. c) 1'234,56. d) ١٬٢٣٤٫٥٦.|Both a [[comma]] and a [[full stop]] (or period) are generally accepted decimal separators for international use. The [[apostrophe]] and Arabic decimal separator are also used in certain contexts.]]
Any such symbol can be called a '''decimal mark''', '''decimal marker''', or '''decimal sign'''. Symbol-specific names are also used; '''decimal point''' and '''decimal comma''' refer to an (either [[Baseline dot|baseline]] or [[Middle dot|middle]]) dot and [[comma]] respectively, when it is used as a decimal separator; these are the usual terms used in English,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/decimal-point|title=Decimal point definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-05}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Weisstein|first=Eric W.|title=Decimal Point|url=https://mathworld.wolfram.com/DecimalPoint.html|access-date=2020-08-22|website=mathworld.wolfram.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/decimal-point|title=decimal point Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary|website=dictionary.cambridge.org|language=en|access-date=2018-07-05}}</ref> with the aforementioned generic terms reserved for abstract usage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.howtogeek.com/245510/how-to-change-excels-decimal-separators-from-periods-to-commas/|title=How to Change Excel's Decimal Separators from Periods to Commas|access-date=2018-07-05|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.smartickmethod.com/blog/math/learning-resources/decimal-separators/|title=Decimal Separators: Points or commas? - Elementary Math|date=2018-01-19|work=Elementary Math|access-date=2018-07-05|language=en}}</ref>▼
[[File:Thousands separators.gif|thumb|Three ways to group the number ten thousand with digit group separators: {{blist
| [[Space (punctuation)|Space]], the internationally recommended thousands separator.
| [[Full stop]] (or period), the thousands separator used in many non-English speaking countries.
| [[Comma]], the thousands separator used in most English-speaking countries.
}}]]▼
▲A '''decimal separator''' is a symbol
In many contexts, when a number is spoken, the function of the separator is assumed by the spoken name of the symbol: ''comma'' or ''point'' in most cases.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of Decimal Point|url=https://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/decimal-point.html|access-date=2020-08-22|website=www.mathsisfun.com}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.grammarphobia.com/blog/2012/02/decimal-point.html|title=Mythematics: a decimal point|date=2012-02-17|work=Grammarphobia|access-date=2018-07-05|language=en-US}}</ref> In some specialized contexts, the word ''decimal'' is instead used for this purpose (such as in [[International Civil Aviation Organization]]-regulated [[air traffic control]] communications). In mathematics, the decimal separator is a type of [[Decimal separator#Radix point|radix point]], a term that also applies to number systems with bases other than ten.▼
▲Any such symbol can be called a '''decimal mark''', '''decimal marker''', or '''decimal sign'''. Symbol-specific names are also used; '''decimal point''' and '''decimal comma''' refer to
▲In many contexts, when a number is spoken, the function of the separator is assumed by the spoken name of the symbol: ''comma'' or ''point'' in most cases.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of Decimal Point|url=https://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/decimal-point.html|access-date=2020-08-22|website=www.mathsisfun.com}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.grammarphobia.com/blog/2012/02/decimal-point.html|title=Mythematics: a decimal point|date=2012-02-17|work=Grammarphobia|access-date=2018-07-05|language=en-US}}</ref> In some specialized contexts, the word ''decimal'' is instead used for this purpose (such as in [[International Civil Aviation Organization]]-regulated [[air traffic control]] communications). In mathematics, the decimal separator is a type of [[
==History==
===Hellenistic–Renaissance eras===
{{anchor|Separatrix|Pythagorean arc}}
In the [[Middle Ages]],
Positional [[decimal fraction]]s appear for the first time in a book by the Arab mathematician [[Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi]] written in the 10th century.<ref name=Berggren>{{cite book |first=J. Lennart |last=Berggren |year=2007 |chapter=Mathematics in Medieval Islam |editor-first=Victor J. |editor-last=Katz |title=The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam: A sourcebook |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-11485-9 |page=530 }}</ref> The practice is ultimately derived from the decimal [[Hindu–Arabic numeral system]] used in [[Indian mathematics]],<ref>{{cite book |author1=Reimer, L. |author2=Reimer, W. |title=Mathematicians are People, too: Stories from the lives of great mathematicians |volume=2 |year=1995 |pages=22 |place=Parsippany, NJ |publisher=Pearson Education, / Dale Seymor Publications |isbn=0-86651-823-1}}</ref> and popularized by the [[Persian people|Persian]] mathematician [[Al-Khwarizmi]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1305 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618081123/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1305 |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 June 2013 |title=Khwarizmi, Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Musa al- |type=biography |website=Oxford Islamic Studies Online}}</ref> when [[Latin]] translation of [[#Arithmetic|his work]] on the [[Indian numerals]] introduced the
[[Pope Sylvester II|Gerbert of Aurillac]] marked triples of columns with an arc (called a "Pythagorean arc"), when using his Hindu–Arabic numeral-based abacus in the 10th century. [[Fibonacci]] followed this convention when writing numbers, such as in his influential work {{lang|la|[[Liber Abaci]]}} in the 13th century.<ref>{{cite book |last=Devlin |first=Keith |year=2011 |title=The Man of Numbers: Fibonacci's Arithmetic Revolution |publisher=Walker & Company |place=New York, NY |isbn=9780802779083 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/manofnumbersfibo0000devl/page/44 44–45] |url=https://archive.org/details/manofnumbersfibo0000devl |url-access=registration }}</ref>
The earliest known record of using the decimal point is in the astronomical tables compiled by the Italian merchant and mathematician [[Giovanni Bianchini]] in the 1440s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marchant |first=Jo |date=2024-02-19 |title=The decimal point is 150 years older than historians thought |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00473-2 |journal=Nature |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-024-00473-2|pmid=38374392 }}</ref>{{contradict-inline|History of mathematical notation#Indian and Arabic numerals and notation}}
▲Positional [[decimal fraction]]s appear for the first time in a book by the Arab mathematician [[Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi]] written in the 10th century.<ref name=Berggren>{{cite book |first=J. Lennart |last=Berggren |year=2007 |chapter=Mathematics in Medieval Islam |editor-first=Victor J. |editor-last=Katz |title=The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam: A sourcebook |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-11485-9 |page=530 }}</ref> The practice is ultimately derived from the decimal [[Hindu–Arabic numeral system]] used in [[Indian mathematics]],<ref>{{cite book |author1=Reimer, L. |author2=Reimer, W. |title=Mathematicians are People, too: Stories from the lives of great mathematicians |volume=2 |year=1995 |pages=22 |place=Parsippany, NJ |publisher=Pearson Education, / Dale Seymor Publications |isbn=0-86651-823-1}}</ref> and popularized by the [[Persian people|Persian]] mathematician [[Al-Khwarizmi]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1305 |title=Khwarizmi, Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Musa al- |type=biography |website=Oxford Islamic Studies Online}}</ref> when [[Latin]] translation of [[#Arithmetic|his work]] on the [[Indian numerals]] introduced the [[decimal]] [[Positional notation|positional number system]] to the Western world. His ''[[Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing]]'' presented the first systematic solution of [[linear equation|linear]] and [[quadratic equation]]s in Arabic.
In [[France]], the full stop was already in use in printing to make [[Roman numerals]] more readable, so the comma was chosen.<ref name=Santillana-1996>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Enciclopedia Universal Santillana |year=1996 |publisher=Santillana S.A. |place=Barcelona, Spain |isbn=84-294-5129-3 |title=Comma |at=def. 2 |quote=coma: MAT. Signo utilizado en los números no enteros para separar la parte entera de la parte decimal o fraccionaria; p. ej., {{nobr| 2,123 .}} }}</ref>
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[[File:MUTCD-CA G11-6.svg|thumb|right|upright|x180px|California milepost marker at mile 144.44]]
When
Previously, signs along [[California]] roads expressed distances in decimal numbers with the decimal part in superscript, as in 3<sup><u>7</u></sup>, meaning 3.7
===
The three most spoken [[international auxiliary language]]s, [[
Interlingua has used the comma as its decimal separator since the publication of the [[Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language|Interlingua Grammar]] in 1951.<ref>{{cite web |series=Grammar of Interlingua |title=Parts of Speech – Numerals |url=http://members.optus.net/~ado_hall/interlingua/gi/parts_of_speech/numerals.html |access-date=2008-03-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516201404/http://members.optus.net/~ado_hall/interlingua/gi/parts_of_speech/numerals.html |archive-date=2016-05-16}}</ref>
Esperanto also uses the comma as its official decimal separator,
Ido's ''Kompleta Gramatiko Detaloza di la Linguo Internaciona Ido'' (Complete Detailed Grammar of the International Language Ido) officially states that commas are used for the decimal separator
The 1931 grammar of [[Volapük]] uses the comma as its decimal separator but,
In 1958, disputes between European and American delegates over the correct representation of the decimal separator nearly stalled the development of the [[ALGOL]] computer programming language.<ref>Perlis, Alan, ''The American Side of the Development of ALGOL'', ACM SIGPLAN Notices, August 1978.</ref> ALGOL ended up allowing different decimal separators, but most computer languages and standard data formats (e.g., [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Fortran]], [[CSS|Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)]]) specify a dot. [[C++14#Digit_separators|C++]] and a couple of others
=== Radix point ===
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==Current standards==
The 22nd [[General Conference on Weights and Measures]]<ref name=CGPM-22nd-R10/> declared in 2003,
:
{{cite conference
|title=Resolution 10
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}}
</ref>
({{nobr|1 000 000 000}} for example).<ref name=CGPM-22nd-R10/> This use has therefore been recommended by technical organizations, such as the United
Past versions of [[ISO 8601]], but not the 2019 revision, also stipulated normative notation based on SI conventions, adding that the comma is preferred over the full stop.<ref>{{cite report |id=ISO/FDIS 8601:2000(E) |title=Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange |section=§5.3.1.3 – Representation of dates and times |page=15 |date=2000 |publisher=[[International Standards Organisation]] |url=http://xml.coverpages.org/ISO-FDIS-8601.pdf |access-date=8 January 2019}}</ref>
[[ISO 80000-1]] stipulates,
==Digit grouping==
<!-- Courtesy note per [[WP:RSECT]]: Several redirects link here. (Generally those with "separator" or "thousands" in their titles.) Please check with What Links here before renaming, leaving a hidden [[template:anchor]] to avoid breaking incoming links. See also [[:Talk:Decimal separator#Digit grouping and decimal separating aren't the same]]. -->
For ease of reading, numbers with many digits (e.g. numbers over 999) may be divided into groups using a [[delimiter]],<ref name="AMA10p793">{{cite book |last=Iverson |first=Cheryl |display-authors=etal |year=2007 |title=AMA Manual of Style |edition=10th |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-0-19-517633-9 |page=793 |url=https://archive.org/details/amamanualofstyle0000unse/page/793 }}</ref> such as comma "," or dot ".", half-space (or [[thin space]]) {{nobr|" ",}} [[Space (punctuation)|space]] {{nobr|" "}}, underscore "_" (as in maritime "21_450") or apostrophe «'»<!-- f.e. in Switzerland -->. In some countries, these "digit group separators" are only employed to the left of the decimal separator; in others, they are also used to separate numbers with a long [[fractional part]]. An important reason for grouping is that it allows rapid judgement of the number of digits, via telling at a glance ("[[subitizing]]") rather than counting (contrast, for example, {{nobr|100 000 000}} with 100000000 for one hundred million).
The use of [[
: "neither dots nor commas are ever inserted in the spaces between groups",<ref name=CGPM-22nd-R10/>
as well as of the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] (IUPAC),<ref name="BIPM">{{cite report |publisher=[[International Bureau of Weights and Measures]] |title=Rules and style conventions for expressing values of quantities |url=https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-811/nist-guide-si-chapter-10-more-printing-and-using-symbols-and-numbers}}</ref><ref name="old.iupac.org">{{cite report |title=Guidelines for drafting IUPAC technical reports and recommendations |year=2007 |url=http://old.iupac.org/reports/provisional/guidelines.html |access-date=2008-11-27}}</ref> the [[American Medical Association]]'s widely followed ''[[AMA Manual of Style]]'', and the [[Metrication Board]], among others.
The groups created by the delimiters tend to follow the
The [[Indian numbering system]] is somewhat more complex: It groups the rightmost three digits together (until the hundreds place) and thereafter groups by sets of two digits. For example, one [[Short trillion|American trillion]] (European [[billion]]) would thus be written as 10,00,00,00,00,000 or 10 [[Indian numbering system|kharab]].<ref>{{cite report |last=Emmons |first=John |date=2018-03-25 |section=Part 3: Numbers |title=Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML) |website=Unicode.org |section-url=https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-numbers.html#Special_Pattern_Characters |url-status=live |access-date=2018-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725183458/https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-numbers.html#Special_Pattern_Characters |archive-date=2018-07-25}}</ref>
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The convention for digit group separators historically varied among countries, but usually seeking to distinguish the delimiter from the decimal separator. Traditionally, [[English-speaking countries]] (except South Africa)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://extranet.education.unimelb.edu.au/SME/TNMY/Decimals/Decimals/backinfo/overseas.htm |title=Language and Culture Differences. |website=extranet.education.unimelb.edu.au |accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref> employed commas as the delimiter – 10,000 – and other European countries employed periods or spaces: 10.000 or {{nobr|10 000}}. Because of the confusion that could result in international documents, in recent years the use of spaces as separators has been advocated by the superseded [[ISO 31-0#Numbers|SI/ISO 31-0 standard]],<ref name="nist.gov">{{cite web |title=Decimals Score a Point on International Standards |date=2006-11-22 |publisher=U.S. [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] |url=https://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/techbeat/tb2006_1122.htm#decimal |url-status=dead |access-date=2008-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171543/https://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/techbeat/tb2006_1122.htm#decimal |archive-date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> as well as by the [[International Bureau of Weights and Measures]] and the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]], which have also begun advocating the use of a "[[thin space]]" in "groups of three".<ref name="BIPM"/><ref name="old.iupac.org"/>
Within the United States, the [[American Medical Association]]'s widely followed ''[[AMA Manual of Style]]'' also calls for a thin space.<ref name="AMA10p793"/> In
===Data
Digit group separators can occur either as part of the data or as a mask through which the data is displayed. This is an example of the [[separation of presentation and content]], making it possible to display numbers with spaced digit grouping in a way that does not insert any [[whitespace character]]s into the string of digits in the [[digital content|content]]. In many computing contexts, it is preferred to omit digit group separators from the data and instead overlay them as a mask (an [[input mask]] or an output mask).
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: [[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]] {{nobr|  {{small|(from GHC version 8.6.1)}} }}
: [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
: [[JavaScript]]
: [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Basic types |website=Kotlin Language |url=https://kotlinlang.org/docs/basic-types.html#literal-constants:~:text=You%20can%20use%20underscores%20to%20make%20number%20constants%20more%20readable}}</ref>
: [[OCaml]]
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: [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]]
: [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]]
: [[Zig (programming language)|Zig]]
{{div col end}}
[[Julia (programming language)|Julia]], [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], and free-form [[Fortran 90]] use the [[Underscore|underscore (_)]] character for this purpose; as such, these languages allow seven hundred million to be entered as 700_000_000.
Fixed-form [[Fortran]] ignores [[whitespace character|whitespace]] (in all contexts), so 700 000 000 has always been accepted. [[Fortran 90]] and its successors allow (ignored) underscores in numbers in free-form.
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In countries with a decimal comma, the decimal point is also common as the "international" notation{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} because of the influence of devices, such as [[electronic calculator]]s, which use the decimal point. Most computer [[operating systems]] allow selection of the decimal separator; programs that have been carefully [[i18n|internationalized]] will follow this, but some programs ignore it and a few may even fail to operate if the setting has been changed.
Computer interfaces may be set to the Unicode international "Common locale" using {{code| LC_NUMERIC{{=}}C }} as defined at {{cite web |title=Unicode CLDR project |website=[[Unicode Consortium]] |url=http://cldr.unicode.org/index}} Details of the current (2020) definitions may be found at {{cite web |title=01102-POSIX15897 |website=[[Unicode Consortium]] |url=http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01102-POSIX15897.htm}}▼
[[File:DecimalSeparator.svg|300px|thumb|Decimal separators:▼
==Conventions worldwide==▼
{{legend|#00b7ef|Dot (.)}}
{{legend|#a8e61d|Comma (,)}}
{{legend|#54ce86|Both (may vary by location or other factors)}}
{{legend|#ed1c24|[[#Other numeral systems|Arabic decimal separator]] ({{Script|Arab|٫}})}}
{{legend|#c0c0c0|Data unavailable}}]]
▲{{Cleanup|
▲Computer interfaces may be set to the Unicode international "Common locale" using {{code| LC_NUMERIC{{=}}C }} as defined at {{cite web |title=Unicode CLDR project |website=[[Unicode Consortium]] |url=http://cldr.unicode.org/index}} Details of the current (2020) definitions may be found at {{cite web |title=01102-POSIX15897 |website=[[Unicode Consortium]] |url=http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01102-POSIX15897.htm}}
▲==Conventions worldwide==
{{More citations needed|section|date=August 2023}}
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* Kazakhstan
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Latvia
* Lebanon
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Macau (in Portuguese text)
* Mauritania
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* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
Line 287 ⟶ 300:
* Libya
* Liechtenstein
* Macau (in Chinese and English text)
* Malaysia
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* United Kingdom
* United States (including [[insular area]]s)
}}Notes:{{notelist|group=lower-roman}}▼
▲}}
▲{{notelist|group=lower-roman}}
===Other numeral systems===
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In the [[Arab world]], where [[Eastern Arabic numerals]] are used for writing numbers, a different character is used to separate the integer and fractional parts of numbers. It is referred to as an [[Arabic (Unicode block)|Arabic decimal separator]] (U+066B, rendered: {{Script|Arab|٫}}) in [[Unicode]]. An Arabic thousands separator (U+066C, rendered: {{Script|Arab|٬}}) also exists. Example: {{Script|Arab|۹٬۹۹۹٫۹۹}} (9,999.99)
In [[Persian language|Persian]], the decimal separator is called [[#Other_numeral_systems|momayyez]]. The Unicode Consortium's investigation concluded that "computer programs should render U+066B as a shortened, lowered, and possibly more slanted [[Slash (punctuation)|slash]] ({{Script|fa-Arab|٫}}); this should be distinguishable from the slash at the first sight." To separate [[sequence]]s of three digits, an Arabic thousands separator (rendered as: {{Script|fa-Arab|٬}}), a Latin comma, or a [[space (punctuation)|blank space]] may be used; however this is not a standard.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/Archives-Old/UML024/1289.html |title=Persian decimal separator |last=Pournader |first=Roozbeh |date=2000-10-15 |work=Unicode Mail List Archive |publisher=Unicode Consortium |access-date=2008-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.fazel.de/dastur/EN/2-1-05-001-1-3_decimal_numeral.html
|title=The Decimal Numeral
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! Style !! Countries and regions
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 1'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''234'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''567'''<nowiki>.</nowiki>'''89 || Australia,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stylemanual.gov.au/style-rules-and-conventions/numbers-and-measurements/choosing-numerals-or-words#combine_numerals_and_words_for_large_rounded_numbers|title=Digital Guides|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://about.abc.net.au/abc-editorial/the-abc-style-guide/#T|title=The ABC Style Guide|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref> Cambodia, Canada (English-speaking; unofficial), China,<ref name="SAMR2011">{{cite web|url=https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=F5DAC3377DA99C8D78AE66735B6359C7|title=国家标准GB/T 15835-2011出版物上数字用法|publisher=国家标准全文公开系统|access-date=2 April 2024|date=2011-07-29|language=zh|trans-title=General rules for writing numerals in public texts}}</ref> Cyprus (currency numbers), Hong Kong, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Macau (in Chinese and English text), Malaysia
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| {{gaps|1|234|567'''<nowiki>.</nowiki>'''89}} ||
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| {{gaps|1|234|567'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''89}} ||
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 1'''<nowiki>.</nowiki>'''234'''<nowiki>.</nowiki>'''567'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''89 || Austria, Belgium (Dutch), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil (informal and in [[technology]]), Chile, Colombia, Croatia (in [[bookkeeping]] and technology),<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Točka |website=Hrvatski pravopis |publisher=[[Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics]] |url=http://pravopis.hr/pravilo/tocka/55/ |access-date=2022-07-28}}</ref> Denmark, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Latin America (informal), Netherlands, Romania, Slovenia, Serbia, Spain (used until 2010, inadvisable use according to the ''[[Royal Spanish Academy|RAE]]'' and [[Spanish National Research Council|''CSIC'']]),{{efn|... when writing numbers more than four figures, these will be grouped into threes, starting from the right, and separating the groups by whitespace. (Exceptions: Never written with periods, commas or white separation numbers that refer to years, pages, verses, urban roads, postal codes, legal articles, decrees or laws.)<ref name=test>{{cite book |title=Diccionario panhispánico de dudas |url=http://lema.rae.es/dpd/srv/search?key=n%FAmeros#2 |url-status=dead |access-date=16 January 2014 |archive-date=18 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118023207/http://lema.rae.es/dpd/srv/search?key=n%FAmeros#2 }}</ref>}}<ref name=Ortografia>{{cite book |title=Ortografía de la lengua española |quote=For the purpose of promoting a process tending towards unification, the use of the point as decimal separator is recommended.(2.2.1.2.1) |url=http://aplica.rae.es/orweb/cgi-bin/v.cgi?i=KnJfwDWVQQYgmiw,}}</ref> Turkey, Uruguay, Vietnam.
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 1'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''234'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''567'''<nowiki>·</nowiki>'''89 || Malaysia, Malta, Philippines (uncommon today), Singapore, Taiwan, United Kingdom (older, typically handwritten; in education)
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 12'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''34'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''567'''<nowiki>.</nowiki>'''89 || rowspan="2" | Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan (see [[Indian numbering system]]).
|-
|{{Gaps|12|34|567'''<nowiki>.</nowiki>'''89}}
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 1'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''234'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''567'''<nowiki>.</nowiki>'''89 || Switzerland (computing), Liechtenstein.
Line 363 ⟶ 373:
| style="text-align:right;"| 1'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''234'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''567'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''89 || Switzerland (handwriting), Italy (handwriting).
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 1'''<nowiki>.</nowiki>'''234'''<nowiki>.</nowiki>'''567'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''89 || Spain (handwriting, used until 1980s, inadvisable use according to the [[Royal Spanish Academy|''RAE'']] and ''[[Spanish National Research Council|CSIC]]''{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}).
|}
*In Belgium (Dutch), Brazil, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Sweden and much of Europe: {{gaps|1|234|567'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''89}} or 1'''<nowiki>.</nowiki>'''234'''<nowiki>.</nowiki>'''567'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''89. In [[handwriting]], 1'''<nowiki>˙</nowiki>'''234'''<nowiki>˙</nowiki>'''567'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''89 is also seen, but never in Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia or Sweden. In Italy, a straight apostrophe is also used in handwriting: 1'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''234'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''567'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''89. In the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking Belgium, the points thousands separator is used, and is preferred for currency amounts, but the space is recommended by some style guides, mostly in technical writing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://taaladvies.net/taal/advies/vraag/1/10000000_10_000_000/|title=10.000.000 / 10 000 000|author=Taalunieversum|access-date=1 September 2017}}</ref>
*In Estonia, currency numbers often use a dot "'''<nowiki>.</nowiki>'''" as the decimal separator, and a space as a thousands separator. This is most visible on shopping receipts and in documents that also use other numbers with decimals, such as measurements. This practice is used to better distinguish between prices and other values with decimals. An older convention uses dots to separate thousands (with commas for decimals) — this older practice makes it easier to avoid word breaks with larger numbers.
Line 385 ⟶ 389:
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Indian
!Value
!Equivalent
|-
|scope="row" |One
Line 407 ⟶ 411:
|scope="row" |Lakh
| style="text-align:right;"|1'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''00'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''000
|One
|-
|scope="row" |Crore
| style="text-align:right;"|1'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''00'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''00'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''000
|Ten
|-
|scope="row" | Arab (not normally used)
| style="text-align:right;"|1'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''00'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''00'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''00'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''000
|One [[
|-
|scope="row" | Kharab (not normally used)
| style="text-align:right;"|1'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''00'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''00'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''00'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''00'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''000
|One
|-
|scope="row" | Lakh
| style="text-align:right;"|10'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''00'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''00'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''00'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''00'''<nowiki>,</nowiki>'''000
|One
|}
{{Clear|Left}}
Line 453 ⟶ 457:
* [[Decimal place]]
* [[Decimal representation]]
* ''[[Scriptio continua]]''
* [[Space (punctuation)]]
* [[Decimal section numbering]]
* [[Dot-decimal notation]]
| |||