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Traditional ideas of the [[Abrahamic]] faiths and [[Christian views on marriage]] are prevalent in literature and media discussing this topic.<ref name="Williams 2018">{{cite web | last=Williams | first=Holly | title=The art of the ménage à trois | website=BBC Culture | date=November 7, 2018 | url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20181107-the-art-of-the-mnage-trois | access-date=March 19, 2022}}</ref> Patriarchs [[Abraham]] and [[Sarah]] had an arrangement with Sarah's [[handmaiden]] [[Hagar]].<ref name="Women's League for Conservative Judaism Engaging, enriching, and empowering Conservative Jewish women 2013">{{cite web | title=November – Infertility, Surrogacy and Adoption | website=Women's League for Conservative Judaism | date=December 4, 2013 | url=https://www.wlcj.org/pastresources/mishpacha/november/ | access-date=March 19, 2022}}</ref> Interpretations of this vary, for example Judaism and Islam treat it much more like a [[polygamous]] situation, whereas Christian sources sometimes discuss the [[love triangle]] aspect of it, which are not directly analogous with a ménage à trois. Similarly when [[Jacob]] married [[Leah]] and [[Rachel]], the polygamy and love triangle perspectives are well researched compared to the ménage à trois.<ref name="Frankel 2001 p. 132">{{cite book | last=Frankel | first=J. | title=Jews and Gender: The Challenge to Hierarchy | publisher=Oxford University Press | series=Studies in Contemporary Jewry | year=2001 | isbn=978-0-19-534977-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47F-KDRr3rYC&pg=PA132 | access-date=March 19, 2022 | page=132}}</ref>
[[Sappho]]'s writings influenced the early Christian church, and the topic of [[lesbian]]ism within the ménage à trois framework of [[Christian views on marriage|Christian couples]] began to be explored in post-[[Renaissance]] literature within [[Christian media]].<ref name="Classics
=== Post-Renaissance history ===
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