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Line 18: ==History== ===Launch and growth (2003–2016)=== Barstool began in 2003 as a weekly print publication distributed for free at transit stops in the [[Boston metropolitan area]] that offered gambling advertisements and [[fantasy sports]] projections, but later expanded to encompass other topics. It launched on the Internet in 2007.<ref name="NBC" /> <ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/229401-1 \|first=Jason \|last=Ankeny \|title=The Man Behind the 'Bible of Bro Culture' \|work=Entrepreneur \|date=December 13, 2013}}</ref> The site was headquartered in [[Milton, Massachusetts\|Milton]], Massachusetts, identifiable with a cardboard sign with the site's name written in ballpoint pen.<ref name="NBC" /> Portnoy hired Kevin Clancy in 2009 and launched Barstool New York, the blog's first major move outside the Boston area. Barstool ceased publication of the print version in 2010 and transitioned to a web-only model.<ref name="NBC" /> Line 24: In August 2011, the site received criticism over nude photos of [[American football]] [[quarterback]] [[Tom Brady]]'s two-year-old son, which was accompanied by comments describing the size of the child's genitalia, which a former prosecutor suggested was [[sexualization]] of a minor.<ref name=stevens2011>{{cite news \|last=Stevens\|first=Carl\|url=http://boston.cbslocal.com/2011/08/12/barstool-founder-defends-posting-naked-photos-of-tom-bradys-son/ \|title=Barstool founder defends posting naked photos of Tom Brady's son \|publisher=CBS Boston\|date=August 12, 2011\|access-date=February 10, 2014}}</ref> Portnoy argued that the comments were meant to be humorous in tone and were not intended to be seen as sexual.<ref name=stevens2011/> Critics allege that comments on the site by Portnoy and others normalize [[rape culture]].{{cn\|date=August 2024}} Comments that have sparked debate include a post on a 2010 blog in which Portnoy said {{no break\|"[E]ven}} though I never condone rape if you're a size 6 and you're wearing skinny jeans you kind of deserve to be raped right?"<ref name=kingkade2012>{{cite news \| first=Tyler \|last=Kingkade\|date=March 27, 2012 \| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/22/barstool-sports-rape-joke-_n_1293328.html \|title=Barstool Sports rape 'joke' sparks blackout party backlash \|work=[[The Huffington Post]] \|access-date=February 10, 2014}}</ref> Other elements that have received criticism include comments such as "we don't condone rape of any kind at our Blackout Parties ... however if a chick passes out that's a gray area".<ref name=tnh2012><!-- editorial cited only for factual quotes -->{{cite news\|work=The New Hampshire \|publisher=[[University of New Hampshire]] \|title=Editorial: Knockout Barstool – When college humor goes too far \|date=February 13, 2012 \|url=http://www.tnhonline.com/editorial-knockout-barstool-1.2778521 \|access-date=February 10, 2014 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221174213/http://www.tnhonline.com/editorial-knockout-barstool-1.2778521 \|archive-date=February 21, 2014 }}</ref> Portnoy, in response, has stated that, "...It's not our intent, with jokes, to poke fun at rape victims," while pointing out the satirical nature of the site's content.<ref>{{Cite web\|url = https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2012/02/12/barstool-podium/vh8lAlHxgfd9B4p4A8XwdN/story.html\|title = The Barstool podium\|date = February 12, 2012\|work = [[The Boston Globe]] \|first=Joanna \|last=Weiss}}</ref> A [[Northeastern University]] protest group called ''Knockout Barstool'' held a demonstration outside of a 2012 Blackout party at Boston's [[House of Blues]].<ref>{{cite news \| title=Knockout group protests Barstool party \| work=The Huntington News \| date=February 3, 2012 \| last=Dobbs \| first=Taylor \| url=http://huntnewsnu.com/2012/02/knockout-barstool-protest/ \| access-date=February 10, 2014}}</ref> Portnoy has been openly dismissive of the protest group, referring to them as "serial protesters", "nutbags" and "crazy bitches".<ref name=kingkade2012/><ref name=tnh2012/><ref name=kagan2012>{{cite news \| title=Controversial 'Blackout Parties' Flee Boston \| date=March 30, 2012 \| last=Kagan \| first=Aaron \| work=Eater Boston \| url=http://boston.eater.com/archives/2012/03/30/controversial-blackout-parties-flee-boston.php \|access-date=February 10, 2014 }}</ref> By 2013, Barstool Sports had expanded to five cities, including Philadelphia and Chicago, with a university-focused BarstoolU brand. Each franchise had its own editorial staff and voice and operated ~~essentially~~ autonomously from the main Barstool Sports blog. The blogger team published around 70 to 80 posts each weekday. According to [[Entrepreneur.com]] in December 2013, more than four million unique users visited Barstool ~~each month~~monthly, with ~~more than~~over 80 million page views.<ref name="NBC">{{cite news \|last1=Ankeny \|first1=Jason \|title=The Man Behind the 'Bible of Bro Culture' \|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna53821689 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225214705/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna53821689 \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=February 25, 2021 \|access-date=26 September 2023 \|work=[[Entrepreneur.com]] \|publisher=NBC News \|date=2013-12-13}}</ref> ====Barstool Blackout Tour==== Line 30: ===The Chernin Group investment (2016–2020)=== By 2016, Barstool claimed to pull in 250 million views per month.<ref name="Variety" /> On January 7, 2016, private equity firm [[The Chernin Group]] (TCG) purchased a 51% majority stake ofin Barstool Sports, valuing the company at between $10 and $15 million.<ref name="Variety" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web \|last=Kulwin \|first=Noah \|date=2016-01-07 \|title=The Chernin Group Is Taking a Majority Stake In Controversial Website Barstool Sports \|url=http://recode.net/2016/01/07/the-chernin-group-is-taking-a-majority-stake-in-controversial-website-barstool-sports/ \|access-date=2016-01-07 \|website=Re/code}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Marcus \|first=Daniel \|date=2020-01-17 \|title=Barstool Sports Closing In On Goal Of 'Owning The Moon' \|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danielmarcus/2020/01/17/barstool-sports-closing-in-on-goal-of-owning-the-moon/ \|access-date=2021-01-30 \|website=Forbes \|language=en}}</ref> According to Chernin Group president of digital Mike Kerns, Kerns was put in contact with Portnoy via mutual friend and former [[University of Kentucky]] quarterback [[Jared Lorenzen]]. After an initial phone call, Kerns flew to Boston to have dinner with Portnoy, discuss the Barstool vision, and begin preliminary investment talks.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Portnoy \|first=Dave \|title=The Dave Portnoy Show \|url=http://www.podcastone.com/the-dave-portnoy-show \|access-date=2016-03-07 \|website=www.podcastone.com}}</ref> Following the TCG investment, the company moved its headquarters from Boston to New York City. Portnoy continued to run the site and retained complete creative control as Chief of Content. On July 19, 2016, [[Erika Nardini]], former chief marketing officer of AOL, was announced as the CEO of Barstool Sports.<ref name="Variety" >{{Cite web \|last=Spangler \|first=Todd \|date=2016-07-19 \|title=Erika Nardini, Ex-CMO of AOL, Joins Dude-Focused Barstool Sports as CEO \|url=https://variety.com/2016/digital/news/erika-nardini-barstool-sports-chernin-1201817333/ \|access-date=2020-06-12 \|website=Variety \|language=en}}</ref> In 2020, Chernin relinquished control of Barstool as part of the Penn National Gaming partnership. Line 36: During the week of [[Super Bowl LI]], Barstool broadcast a televised version of ''The Barstool Rundown'' live from Houston on [[Comedy Central]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2017/01/31/nfl-pulls-credentials-from-barstool-sports/\|title=NFL pulls credentials from Barstool Sports\|date=January 31, 2017 \|access-date=2017-02-01}}</ref> The show made headlines on February 2, 2017, after [[Indianapolis Colts]] [[Punter (football)\|punter]] [[Pat McAfee]] announced during a segment of that night's episode that he was retiring from the NFL to become a contributor to the site.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/pat-mcafee-retires-from-nfl-to-join-barstool-sports-055517794.html/\|title=Pat McAfee retires from NFL to join Barstool Sports\|date=February 2, 2017 \|access-date=2017-02-02}}</ref> On June 19, 2017, the site announced that [[Michael Rapaport]] would be joining Barstool Sports and hosting a podcast.<ref>{{Cite press release\|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/things-are-about-to-get-even-funnier-at-barstool-sports-michael-rapaport-joins-barstool-sports-as-newest-personality-300475884.html\|title=Things Are About To Get Even Funnier At Barstool Sports… Michael Rapaport Joins Barstool Sports As Newest Personality\|publisher=Barstool Sports\|website=www.prnewswire.com\|language=en\|access-date=2017-07-08}}</ref> Rapaport and Barstool quickly ended their relationship in a public feud involving [[Kevin Durant]].<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.globallegalchronicle.com/michael-rapaport-v-barstool-sports/ \| title=Michael Rapaport v. Barstool Sports \| date=April 7, 2021 }}</ref> On October 18, ''Barstool Van Talk'' debuted on [[ESPN2]]. The show starred ''[[Pardon My Take]]'' personalities [[PFT Commenter]] and Dan "Big Cat" Katz. It was ~~cancelled~~canceled after one episode, with [[ESPN Inc.]] president [[John Skipper]] citing concerns about distinguishing the content of Barstool from that of ESPN.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/espn-cancel-barstool-van-talk-1202596760/\|title=ESPN Cancels 'Barstool Van Talk,' Citing Concerns About Barstool Content\|last=Steinberg\|first=Brian\|date=2017-10-23\|work=Variety\|access-date=2018-04-17\|language=en-US}}</ref> The show's removal came after past statements from Barstool president Dave Portnoy resurfaced, one of which involved calling current ESPN employee [[Sam Ponder]] a "slut".<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://deadspin.com/espn-cancels-barstool-sports-tv-show-after-one-episode-1819780358\|title=ESPN Cancels Barstool Sports TV Show After One Episode\|last=Kalaf\|first=Samer\|work=Deadspin\|access-date=2018-04-17\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2017/10/23/espn-cancels-barstool-van-talk-after-one-episode/ \|title=ESPN cancels 'Barstool Van Talk' after one episode \|last=Allen \|first=Scott \|date=2017-10-23 \|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] \|access-date=2018-04-17 \|language=en-US \|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref name="Guardian sport 2017">{{cite web \| author=Guardian sport \| title=ESPN host calls out Barstool Sports over sexism ahead of partnership \| website=the Guardian \| date=2017-10-17 \| url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/oct/17/samantha-ponder-barstool-sports-espn \| access-date=2021-08-24}}</ref> Following a fundraising round ~~of fundraising~~ reported in January, Barstool is said to have received a valuation of $100 million. ~~According to~~ CEO Erika Nardini, said The Chernin Group has invested $25 million in the website.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-23/barstool-sports-turns-to-booze-boxing-to-fight-web-media-woes\|title=Barstool Sports Turns To Booze, Boxing With New Funding\|date=2018-01-23\|work=Bloomberg.com\|access-date=2018-02-06\|language=en}}</ref> On February 18, [[Michael Rapaport]] was fired after making a derogatory comment towards the site's fan-base.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://thebiglead.com/2018/02/18/why-michael-rapaport-was-fired-from-barstool/\|title=Why Michael Rapaport Was Fired from Barstool\|date=2018-02-18\|work=The Big Lead\|access-date=2018-02-18\|language=en-US}}</ref> On March 28, 2018, NBA player [[Frank Kaminsky]] launched a Barstool podcast, ''Pros and Joes,'' hosted by himself and three ~~of his~~ high-school friends.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/sports/college/uw/2018/03/29/frank-kaminsky-launches-podcast-alongside-high-school-friends-barstools-pros-and-joes/469018002/\|title=Frank Kaminsky launches podcast alongside high school friends, Barstool's 'Pros and Joes'\|work=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel\|access-date=2018-03-29\|language=en}}</ref> In August 2019, Barstool owner David Portnoy posted a series of tweets in which he threatened to fire "on the spot" any Barstool employee who contacted a reporter to talk about [[unionization]], as well as reposting a 2015 blog article in which he threatened to "smash their little union to smithereens" if Barstool employees attempted to unionize.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Chan \|first=J. Clara \|date=2019-08-13 \|title=Barstool Sports Founder Dave Portnoy Threatens to Fire Employees Who Try to Unionize \|url=https://www.thewrap.com/barstool-sports-founder-dave-portnoy-threatens-to-fire-employees-who-try-to-unionize/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302174501/https://www.thewrap.com/barstool-sports-founder-dave-portnoy-threatens-to-fire-employees-who-try-to-unionize/ \|archive-date=2024-03-02 \|access-date=2024-08-14 \|website=[[TheWrap]] \|language=en-US}}</ref> In response, the [[Industrial Workers of the World\|IWW]] Freelance Journalists Union filed a complaint with the [[National Labor Relations Board]] (NLRB) against Barstool, alleging that Portnoy had violated federal labor law by threatening retaliation against Barstool employees if they attempted to unionize.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web \|last=Porter \|first=Jon \|date=2020-01-22 \|title=Barstool Sports founder forced to delete tweet threatening to fire union supporters 'on the spot' \|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/1/22/21076650/barstool-sports-anti-union-tweets-threaten-fire-sue-lawyers-national-labor-review-board \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417134911/https://www.theverge.com/2020/1/22/21076650/barstool-sports-anti-union-tweets-threaten-fire-sue-lawyers-national-labor-review-board \|archive-date=2023-04-17 \|access-date=2024-08-14 \|website=[[The Verge]] \|language=en}}</ref> In January 2020, Barstool reached an informal settlement with the NLRB in which Portnoy agreed to delete the tweets in question, and which required Barstool to notify employees of their right to unionize.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=McNamara \|first=Audrey \|date=2020-01-22 \|title=Barstool Sports co-founder David Portnoy settles over anti-union tweets \|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/barstool-sports-david-portnoy-settles-with-nlrb-over-anti-union-tweets-today-2020-01-22/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411013552/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/barstool-sports-david-portnoy-settles-with-nlrb-over-anti-union-tweets-today-2020-01-22/ \|archive-date=2024-04-11 \|access-date=2024-08-14 \|website=[[CBS News]] \|language=en-US}}</ref> In addition, as part of the settlement Barstool agreed to delete a Twitter account the company had created called "Barstool Sports Union" which had solicited [[Private message\|DMs]] from employees in an apparent attempt to identify union supporters within the company.<ref name=":1" />▼ ===Penn National Gaming investment and purchase (2020–2023)=== According to [[Vox (website)\|Vox]], Barstool generated between $90 and $100 million in revenue in 2019, with the majority from podcasts, merchandise sales, and gambling deals. On January 29, 2020, [[casino]] company [[Penn National Gaming]] purchased a 36% stake in Barstool Sports for $135 million in cash and $28 million in [[preferred stock]], valuing Barstool at $450 million. Penn National would have the option to pay an additional $62 million in 3 years to increase its stake to 50%. Penn's investment was seen as part of a growing trend of gambling and media companies to partner to capitalize on the anticipated boom in [[online gambling]] after the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] allowed sports betting in [[Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association]].<ref name="CBSpurchase" /><ref name="Vox">{{cite news \|last1=Kafka \|first1=Peter \|title=A casino company is buying Barstool Sports in a $450 million deal \|url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/1/29/21113130/barstool-sports-penn-national-deal-dave-portnoy-chernin \|access-date=28 September 2023 \|work=Vox \|date=2020-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news \|last=Mullin \|first=Katherine Sayre and Benjamin \|date=2020-01-29 \|title=Penn National Gaming to Buy Minority Stake in Barstool Sports \|language=en-US \|work=Wall Street Journal \|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/penn-national-gaming-to-buy-minority-stake-in-barstool-sports-11580274060 \|access-date=2020-01-29 \|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> Following the sale, The Chernin Group maintained a 36% stake in the company.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=January 29, 2020 \|title=Barstool Sports to Sell 36% Stake to Penn National Gaming \|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-29/barstool-sports-agrees-to-sell-36-stake-to-penn-national-gaming \|access-date=2020-01-29 \|website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref> The company subsequently launched Barstool Sportsbook, a [[mobile application]] for sports betting, in Pennsylvania on September 18, 2020. During its first week of operation, it handled $11 million in wagers. In January 2021, the company announced that the Sportsbook would ~~be expanding~~expand to ~~the state of~~ Michigan. Penn National announced that they would be matching all first-time deposits by donating to the Barstool Fund, raising a total of $4,550,280 for Michigan small businesses.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2020-09-25\|title=How Much Money Was Bet At Barstool Sportsbook On Opening Weekend?\|url=https://www.legalsportsreport.com/44482/barstool-sportsbook-app-pa-handle/\|access-date=2020-10-06\|website=Legal Sports Report\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|last=Wojcik\|first=Nick\|date=2020-09-18\|title=Barstool Sportsbook Launched in Pennsylvania\|url=https://www.lineups.com/betting/barstool-sportsbook-launched-in-pennsylvania/\|access-date=2020-10-06\|website=Lineups.com Betting\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|date=2020-09-08\|title=Penn National Gaming to Soft Launch Barstool Sportsbook App in Pennsylvania on September 15\|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200908005653/en/Penn-National-Gaming-to-Soft-Launch-Barstool-Sportsbook-App-in-Pennsylvania-on-September-15\|access-date=2020-10-06\|website=www.businesswire.com\|language=en}}</ref> On July 27, 2021, Barstool Sports became the new title sponsor of the [[Arizona Bowl]] and would have exclusive international broadcast rights ~~for the game~~. The 2021 edition of the game was ~~cancelled~~canceled due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], but the game was played in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2021-07-27\|title=Barstool will sponsor, exclusively air the Arizona Bowl\|url=https://awfulannouncing.com/ncaa/barstool-will-sponsor-exclusively-air-the-arizona-bowl.html\|access-date=2021-08-03\|website=Awful Announcing\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Wyoming/Ohio game history \|url=http://www.winsipedia.com/wyoming/vs/ohio}}</ref> and featured various Barstool Sports media personalities on commentary and in on -field roles.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Countdown to 2022 Kickoff \|url=https://thearizonabowl.com/game}}</ref> In February 2023, Penn exercised its option to pay $388 million and become the sole owner of Barstool.<ref name="CBSpurchase" >{{Cite news \|date=February 18, 2023 \|title=Remainder of Barstool Sports bought for $388 million \|work=[[CBS News]] \|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/penn-entertainment-buys-remainder-of-barstool-sports-for-388-million/}}</ref> === Repurchase by David Portnoy (2023)=== On August 8, 2023, David Portnoy announced that Penn Entertainment had ended its relationship with Barstool Sports and had divested ownership of the company back to him. Penn had announced a $2 billion agreement with ESPN to rebrand Barstool Sportsbook as [[ESPN Bet]], and the sale was intended to relieve Penn of "non-compete and other restrictive covenants" tied to its ownership of Barstool. Portnoy stated ~~that~~, "~~the~~The regulated industry is probably not the best place for Barstool Sports and the type of content we make". The agreement stipulates that Penn will receive 50% of the gross proceeds of any future sale of Barstool, but Portnoy stated that he planned to maintain his ownership of the site "till I die".<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Bucholtz \|first=Andrew \|date=2023-08-08 \|title=Dave Portnoy buys back 100 percent of Barstool Sports from Penn \|url=https://awfulannouncing.com/barstool/dave-portnoy-buys-back-company-from-penn.html \|access-date=2023-08-09 \|website=Awful Announcing \|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=Maruf \|first=Ramishah \|date=2023-08-08 \|title=ESPN is jumping into sports gambling in a $2 billion deal \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/08/business/penn-entertainment-barstool-sports-espn/index.html \|access-date=2023-08-09 \|website=CNN \|language=en}}</ref> On February 11, 2024, Barstool Sports and [[DraftKings]] finalized a multi-year sports betting media partnership after the Super Bowl and the termination of Barstool's non-compete with [[Penn Entertainment\|PENN Entertainment]]. This deal kicked off with a live-streamed free-throw challenge event featuring Barstool talent, where viewers ~~had~~could ~~the chance of winning~~win part of a $100,000 prize pool.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Levy \|first=Joe \|date=2024-02-12 \|title=Dave Portnoy confirms exclusive DraftKings and Barstool Sports partnership - EGR North America \|url=https://www.egr.global/northamerica/news/dave-portnoy-confirms-exclusive-draftkings-and-barstool-sports-partnership/ \|access-date=2024-04-02 \|language=en-US}}</ref> Barstool Sports announced in January of 2024 that they are partnering with [[Rumble.com]].<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Lipschultz \|first1=Bailey \|title=Barstool Deal Adds $502 Million to Video Site Rumble's Value \|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-22/barstool-sports-pact-adds-386-million-to-video-platform-rumble-rum \|website=Bloomberg \|date=January 22, 2024 \|access-date=23 January 2024}}</ref> == Content and audience== Barstool was described as the "Bible of Bro Culture" and a must-read for the "dude zeitgeist" for its committed audience of young men, ~~primary~~primarily in the ~~18-35~~18–35 age demographic, who felt disenfranchised by the mainstream media.<ref name="NBC" /> Portnoy described the site's topics in 2011 as "sports/smut.".<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2011/06/03/at_barstool_sports_cheap_shots_flow_along_with_the_sexist/?page=2\|title=Here, a hangout for trash talking\|last=Baker\|first=Billy\|date=June 3, 2011\|work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> {{dead link\|date=November 2024}} The site contains a mixture of podcasts, blogs, and video series featuring company staff in what has been described as "a sort of online reality show: Every office argument and personal-life development was written up and fed to a growing legion of 'Stoolies'."<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/14/magazine/spurned-by-espn-barstool-sports-is-staying-on-offense.html\|title=Spurned by ESPN, Barstool Sports Is Staying on Offense\|last=Kang\|first=Jay Caspian\|work=The New York Times \|date=November 14, 2017 \|access-date=2018-11-15\|language=en}}</ref> The site is popular among professional athletes as well. [[Logan Couture]] claimed that a quarter of players in the [[NHL]] read Barstool.<ref name="NBC" /> According to ''[[The Daily Beast]]'', Barstool has a culture of stealing materials from independent content creators and reposting them without attribution.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Silverman \|first=Robert \|date=2019-04-17 \|title=Barstool Sports Is Still Stealing Content: 'It's Like a Criminal Enterprise'\|language=en \|work=The Daily Beast \|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/barstool-sports-is-still-stealing-content-its-like-a-criminal-enterprise \|access-date=2022-04-24}}</ref> In March 2019, Barstool was accused by comedian [[Miel Bredouw]] of having ~~re-posted~~reposted one of her videos to the site's Twitter account without attribution. After Bredouw eventually refused to rescind her complaint in exchange for $2,000, Barstool filed a counter-claim asking Twitter to reinstate the video, alleging that the take-down was an error.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/4/18250731/barstool-sports-miel-bredouw-twitter-dmca-copyright-strike-video\|title=A comedian's fight with Barstool Sports shows how Twitter's copyright system can hurt creators\|last=Statt\|first=Nick\|date=2019-03-04\|website=The Verge\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/barstool-sports-miel-bredouw/\|title=A Sports Site Hijacked a Comedian's Video—and Intimidated Her for Complaining\|last=Martin\|first=Brittany\|date=2019-03-06\|website=Los Angeles Magazine\|language=en-US\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref> Following the dispute, data from [[Social Blade]] revealed that on March 6, 2019, Barstool deleted over 60,000 posts from its Twitter account and 1,000 posts from its [[Instagram]] account.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://deadspin.com/barstool-sports-quietly-tries-to-un-fuckjerry-itself-d-1833162018\|title=Barstool Sports Quietly Tries To Un-FuckJerry Itself, Deletes 60,000 Social Media Posts\|last=Ley\|first=Tom\|website=Deadspin\|date=March 8, 2019 \|language=en-US\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref> === Radio === In January, the company premiered Barstool Radio, a daily two-hour show on [[Sirius XM]]. The partnership expanded to a 24-hour channel in January 2018, which aired until January 2021.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Spangler \|first1=Todd \|title=Barstool Sports Is Getting Its Own SiriusXM 24-Hour Channel \|url=https://variety.com/2017/digital/news/barstool-sports-siriusxm-channel-1202612586/ \|access-date=29 September 2023 \|work=Variety \|date=2017-11-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|last=Krieger\|first=Adam\|date=2021-01-28\|title=Barstool is Done with SiriusXM - Barstool Radio is Going off the Air -\|url=https://vendettasportsmedia.com/barstool-done-with-siriusxm-barstool-radio-going-off-air/\|access-date=2021-01-30\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Check out Barstool Sports' exclusive 24/7 channel on SiriusXM \|url=https://blog.siriusxm.com/watch-barstool-sports-to-launch-24-7-channel-on-siriusxm/ \|website=Hear & Now \|publisher=[[Sirius XM]] \|access-date=January 27, 2021 \|date=January 17, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|date=2021-01-29\|title=Barstool Radio On SiriusXM Ends Today\|url=https://barrettsportsmedia.com/2021/01/29/barstool-radio-on-siriusxm-ends-today/\|access-date=2021-01-30\|website=Barrett Sports Media\|language=en-US}}</ref> Barstool returned to radio in February 2021 with a daily [[sports betting]]-themed show called ''Barstool Sports: Picks Central'', distributed by [[Westwood One]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Barstool Sports: Picks Central\|url=https://www.westwoodone.com/programming/sports/barstool-sports-picks-central/\|access-date=2021-02-21\|website=Westwood One\|language=en-US\|archive-date=February 27, 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227235352/https://westwoodone.com/programming/sports/barstool-sports-picks-central/\|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Podcasts === Barstool also produces numerous podcasts, including programming from [[David Portnoy]], [[Spittin' Chiclets]], [[Pardon My Take]], The [[Kirk Minihane]] Show, Chicks in the Office as well as podcasts from Barstool bloggers and professional athletes and celebrities such as [[Deion Sanders]], [[Alex Rodriguez]], [[Josh Richards (internet personality)\|Josh Richards]], [[Ryan Whitney (ice hockey)\|Ryan Whitney]], [[Paul Bissonnette]], [[Colby Armstrong]], [[Patrick Beverley]], [[Jake Arrieta]], [[Arian Foster]], [[Paddy Pimblett]], [[Molly McCann]], [[Jim Florentine]], [[Jamie Dukes]], [[Taylor Lewan]], [[Will Compton]], and [[Mark Titus]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Top Podcast Publishers\|url=http://analytics.podtrac.com/podcast-publisher-rankings\|access-date=2020-06-12\|website=Podtrac\|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2018, Barstool purchased the [[Call Her Daddy]] podcast hosted by [[Alexandra Cooper\|Alex Cooper]] and Sofia Franklyn, which Cooper then took to Spotify in 2020.<ref name="Cooper" >{{cite news \|last1=Hessekiel \|first1=Sophie \|title=How Did 'Call Her Daddy's Alex Cooper Go From Barstool Sports to $125M Star? \|url=https://www.newsweek.com/entertainment/celebrity-news/how-call-her-daddys-alex-cooper-go-barstool-sports-125m-star-1942541 \|access-date=4 October 2024 \|work=[[Newsweek]] \|date=2024-08-21}}</ref> === Rough N Rowdy === In November 2017, Barstool purchased the Rough N Rowdy Brawl, an amateur boxing competition held in West Virginia, asto ~~part of an expansion~~expand into live boxing events and [[pay-per-view]]. After the acquisition, Barstool created a new division called Barstool Brawl to put on as many as 12 events per year.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Barstool Sports Acquires Rough N Rowdy Brawl, Will Broadcast Live PPV Boxing Events \|url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Daily/Issues/2017/11/10/Media/Barstool.aspx \|access-date=29 September 2023 \|work=Sports Business Journal \|date=2017-11-10}}</ref> By the competition's second iteration after the Barstool acquisition in February 2018, it drew 41,000 buys.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://digiday.com/media/barstool-sports-got-41000-people-to-pay-for-its-latest-amateur-boxing-ppv/\|title=Barstool Sports got 41,000 people to pay for its latest amateur boxing PPV\|last=Patel\|first=Sahil\|date=2018-02-20\|website=Digiday\|language=en-US\|access-date=2019-01-12}}</ref> === Over-the-top media === Line 78 ⟶ 76: ==Personalities== Portnoy is an active blogger on the site under his self-appointed "El Presidente" character. He is also known as "The Mogul" and "Davey Pageviews".<ref name="NBC" /> Barstool has both employed already famous personalities, notably former athletes, and developed nationally known personalities like [[Call Her Daddy]] podcast host [[Alexandra Cooper\|Alex Cooper]]. Notable current employees include: * [[Jon Gruden]], [[Super Bowl XXXVII\|Super Bowl]] champion former [[National Football League\|NFL]] head coach of the [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]]<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Axson \|first1=Scooby \|date=November 14, 2024 \|title=Jon Gruden joins Barstool Sports three years after email scandal with NFL \|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/media/2024/11/14/jon-gruden-joins-barstool-sports-nfl-emails/76290545007/ \|access-date=14 November 2024 \|website=USA Today}}</ref> * [[Stu Feiner]], [[Handicapping\|sports handicapper]], media personality, and the real life inspiration of [[Al Pacino\|Al Pacino's]] character in the 2005 film [[Two for the Money (2005 film)\|Two for the Money]] * [[Pardon My Take\|Dan "Big Cat" Katz]], podcaster and co-host of Barstool's [[Pardon My Take]] podcast * [[PFT Commenter]], podcaster and co-host of Barstool's Pardon My Take podcast * [[Arian Foster]], former [[All-Pro]] NFL [[running back]] for the [[Houston Texans]] * [[Josh Richards (internet personality)\|Josh Richards]], social media personality and co-host of Barstool's [[BFFs (podcast)\|BFFs]] podcast * [[Paul Bissonnette]], former [[National Hockey League\|NHL]] [[Winger (ice hockey)\|winger]] for the [[Arizona Coyotes\|Phoenix Coyotes]], analyst on [[NHL on TNT]], and co-host of Barstool's [[Spittin' Chiclets]] podcast * [[Taylor Lewan]], former All-Pro NFL [[Tackle (gridiron football position)\|offensive tackle]] for the [[Tennessee Titans]] * [[Ryan Whitney (ice hockey)\|Ryan Whitney]], former NHL [[defenceman]] for the [[Pittsburgh Penguins]], analyst on [[NHL Network (American TV channel)\|NHL Network]], and co-host of Barstool's Spittin' Chiclets podcast * [[Mark Titus]], [[college basketball]] podcaster formerly of [[ESPN]], [[The Ringer (website)\|The Ringer]], and [[Fox Sports\|FOX Sports]] * [[Kirk Minihane]], radio host, podcaster, and former host of [[Boston]] sports talk radio show [[Dennis and Callahan\|Kirk and Callahan]] * [[Caleb Pressley]], comedian and internet personality * [[Patrick Beverley]], former NBA player and current [[point guard]] for [[Hapoel Tel Aviv B.C.\|Hapoel Tel Aviv]] * [[Will Compton]], former NFL [[linebacker]] for the [[Washington Commanders\|Washington Redskins]] Notable former employees include: * [[Pat McAfee]], former [[NFL]] ~~punter~~player and sportscaster (2016-2018)<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Hussey \|first1=Andrew \|title=Here's why former Colts punter Pat McAfee is leaving Barstool Sports \|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/sports/2018/08/31/former-colts-punter-pat-mcafee-leaving-barstool-sports/1159521002/ \|access-date=4 October 2024 \|work=[[IndyStar]] \|date=2018-08-31}}</ref> * [[Alexandra Cooper\|Alex Cooper]], podcaster (2018-2020)<ref name="Cooper" /> * [[Kat Timpf]], political commentator (2016)<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Gillespie \|first1=Nick \|title=Kat Timpf: Make America Funny Again! \|url=https://reason.com/podcast/2023/06/07/kat-timpf-make-america-funny-again/ \|access-date=4 October 2024 \|work=[[Reason Magazine]] \|date=2023-06-07}}</ref> * [[Jenna Marbles]], social media personality (2010-2011)<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Bush \|first1=Megan \|title=Jenna Marbles speaks with students about life after college \|url=http://www.theonlinerocket.com/campus-life/2018/09/26/jenna-marbles-speaks-with-students-about-life-after-college/ \|website=The Rocket \|date=September 26, 2018 \|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> * [[Asa Akira]], adult film actress (2017) * [[Dallas Braden]] * [[Michael Rapaport]], actor and comedian (2017-2018) * [[Paul Lo Duca]], former [[MLB]] player * [[Michael Rapaport]], [[Terry Rozier]],<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Devlin \|title=Breaking News Mickstape Has Completed A Trade... \|url=https://www.barstoolsports.com/blog/1011437/breaking-news-mickstape-has-completed-a-trade \|website=Barstool Sports \|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> * [[Alex Rodriguez]], former MLB player and sportscaster (2018-2020) * [[Frank Kaminsky]] * [[Deion Sanders]], former NFL and MLB player and current college football coach (2020-2022) * [[A. J. Hawk]], former NFL player (2017)<ref>{{cite news \|title=A.J. Hawk Joining New Barstool Sports Podcast “Laces Out” \|url=https://www.elevenwarriors.com/ohio-state-football/2017/09/84938/aj-hawk-joining-new-barstool-sports-podcast-laces-out \|access-date=4 October 2024 \|date=2017-09-04}}</ref> * [[Asa Akira]] [[:Category:Barstool Sports people\|Several other figures]] have had stints with Barstool. * [[Willie Colon (American football)\|Willie Colon]] * [[Julie Stewart-Binks]],<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Sanchez\|first=Mark W.\|date=2018-05-17\|title=Julie Stewart-Binks mysteriously out at Barstool Sports\|url=https://nypost.com/2018/05/17/julie-stewart-binks-mysteriously-out-at-barstool-sports/\|access-date=2020-06-12\|website=New York Post\|language=en}}</ref> == Charitable work == Line 183 ⟶ 197: \|$200,000 \|$300,000 \|$100,00000 from [[Dana White]] \|$600,000 \|<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Gentile \|first1=Luke \|title=Barstool and Dave Portnoy raise $1.5 million for family of slain NYPD officer \|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/2942896/barstool-dave-portnoy-raise-1-million-family-slain-nypd-officer/ \|access-date=29 March 2024 \|work=[[Washington Examiner]] \|date=2024-03-28}}</ref> Line 189 ⟶ 203: The company partnered with NFL quarterback [[Baker Mayfield]] in 2018 to release a clothing line benefiting [[Special Olympics USA\|Special Olympics]] Ohio.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.specialolympics.org/stories/news/cleveland-browns-baker-mayfield-releases-clothing-line-to-benefit-special-olympics\|title=Cleveland Browns' Baker Mayfield Releases Clothing Line to Benefit Special Olympics\|date=2018-11-25\|website=Dot Org\|language=en\|access-date=2019-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://magazine.promomarketing.com/article/barstool-sports-baker-mayfield-team-up-on-charity-apparel-line-for-special-olympics/\|title=Barstool, Baker Release Charity Apparel Line for Special Olympics\|last=Myers\|first=Joseph\|website=Promo Marketing\|date=November 15, 2018 \|language=en\|access-date=2019-04-23}}</ref> Due to Portnoy's consistent and longstanding support for first responders, Barstool's work on behalf of fallen police officers has received an overwhelmingly positive response from Barstool's audience and the law enforcement community. This was especially true of his work for Officer Jonathan Diller's widow, Stephanie. In addition to the $1.5 million raised for Diller's family,<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Steinbuch \|first=Yaron \|date=2024-03-28 \|title=Barstool Sports founder Dave Portnoy raises $1.5M for family of slain cop Jonathan Diller \|url=https://nypost.com/2024/03/28/us-news/barstool-sports-founder-dave-portnoy-raises-1-5m-for-family-of-slain-cop-jonathan-diller/ \|access-date=2024-10-25 \|language=en-US}}</ref> Portnoy was invited to attend the annual NYPD gala as the guest of honor.<ref>https://x.com/stoolpresidente/status/1799061188632076448?lang=en</ref> However, one notable exception occurred when longtime employee Kevin Clancy weighed in on Diller's murder.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web \|last= \|title=31 Year Old NYPD Officer Jonathan Diller Killed On Duty \|url=https://www.barstoolsports.com/blog/3508328/31-year-old-nypd-officer-jonathan-diller-killed-on-duty \|access-date=2024-10-25 \|website=www.barstoolsports.com \|language=en}}</ref> Though he encouraged support for the company's efforts, Clancy received significant backlash from Barstool's largely pro-police audience<ref name=":2" /> over his past support for the BLM/Defund the Police movement.<ref>{{Cite web \|last= \|title=Before and After \|url=https://www.barstoolsports.com/blog/2614555/before-and-after \|access-date=2024-10-25 \|website=www.barstoolsports.com \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=2Biggs • Kenosha, Wisconsin (feat. KFC) • Listen on Fountain \|url=https://fountain.fm/episode/OjHt4JATeFsueiantpKw \|access-date=2024-10-25 \|website=fountain.fm \|language=en}}</ref> The company launched "The Barstool Difference," a philanthropy arm pegged to its Barstool Fund in March 2022. The initiative consisted of four parts: one for women-run businesses, one for veteran-run businesses, one for youth service, and one for sobriety. Tonya Dressel of Microsoft's philanthropy effort, was hired to lead the initiative.<ref name="Difference" /> === Barstool Fund === In response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and related government restrictions, Barstool launched The Barstool Fund, a non-profit tothat ~~provide~~provides financial support to small businesses affected by the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2020-12-26\|title='Nobody else was going to do it': Barstool Sports raises over $6M to keep small businesses open\|url=https://fox8.com/news/nobody-else-was-going-to-do-it-barstool-sports-raises-over-6m-to-keep-small-businesses-open/\|access-date=2020-12-28\|website=fox8.com\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|last=Conklin\|first=Audrey\|date=2020-12-23\|title=Barstool's Dave Portnoy raises $6.3M for 18 small businesses — and counting\|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/barstools-dave-portnoy-millions-small-business-fund\|access-date=2020-12-28\|website=FOXBusiness\|language=en-US}}</ref> The fund raised $41 million, supporting at least 167 small businesses.<ref name="Difference">{{cite news \|last1=Fischer \|first1=Sara \|title=Barstool launches social good platform following Portnoy controversy \|url=https://www.axios.com/2022/03/15/barstool-difference-dave-portnoy-erika-nardini \|access-date=18 September 2024 \|work=[[Axios (website)\|Axios]] \|date=2022-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|date=December 23, 2020 \|title=Barstool's Dave Portnoy raises nearly $30M for 167 small businesses — and counting \|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/barstools-dave-portnoy-millions-small-business-fund \|website=[[Fox Business]]}}</ref> On top of an initial $500,000 donation from Portnoy, celebrities such as [[Tom Brady]], [[Guy Fieri]], [[Kid Rock]], [[Aaron Rodgers]] and [[Elon Musk]] donated to the fund.<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Wulfsohn\|first1=Joseph\|date=7 January 2021\|title=Dave Portnoy's 'Barstool Fund' hits $20M, helping over 90 small businesses during pandemic\|work=Fox News\|url=https://www.foxnews.com/media/dave-portnoy-barstool-fund-20-million\|access-date=14 February 2021}}</ref> ==Labor relations== ▲In August 2019, Barstool owner David Portnoy posted a series of tweets in which he threatened to fire "on the spot" any Barstool employee who contacted a reporter to talk about [[unionization]], as well as reposting a 2015 ~~blog~~ article in which he threatened to "smash their little union to smithereens" if Barstool employees attempted to unionize.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Chan \|first=J. Clara \|date=2019-08-13 \|title=Barstool Sports Founder Dave Portnoy Threatens to Fire Employees Who Try to Unionize \|url=https://www.thewrap.com/barstool-sports-founder-dave-portnoy-threatens-to-fire-employees-who-try-to-unionize/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302174501/https://www.thewrap.com/barstool-sports-founder-dave-portnoy-threatens-to-fire-employees-who-try-to-unionize/ \|archive-date=2024-03-02 \|access-date=2024-08-14 \|website=[[TheWrap]] \|language=en-US}}</ref> In response, the [[Industrial Workers of the World\|IWW]] Freelance Journalists Union filed a complaint with the [[National Labor Relations Board]] (NLRB) against Barstool, alleging that Portnoy had violated federal labor law by threatening retaliation against Barstool employees if they attempted to unionize.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web \|last=Porter \|first=Jon \|date=2020-01-22 \|title=Barstool Sports founder forced to delete tweet threatening to fire union supporters 'on the spot' \|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/1/22/21076650/barstool-sports-anti-union-tweets-threaten-fire-sue-lawyers-national-labor-review-board \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417134911/https://www.theverge.com/2020/1/22/21076650/barstool-sports-anti-union-tweets-threaten-fire-sue-lawyers-national-labor-review-board \|archive-date=2023-04-17 \|access-date=2024-08-14 \|website=[[The Verge]] \|language=en}}</ref> In January 2020, Barstool reached an informal settlement with the NLRB in which Portnoy agreed to delete the tweets in question, and which required Barstool to notify employees of their right to unionize.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=McNamara \|first=Audrey \|date=2020-01-22 \|title=Barstool Sports co-founder David Portnoy settles over anti-union tweets \|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/barstool-sports-david-portnoy-settles-with-nlrb-over-anti-union-tweets-today-2020-01-22/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411013552/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/barstool-sports-david-portnoy-settles-with-nlrb-over-anti-union-tweets-today-2020-01-22/ \|archive-date=2024-04-11 \|access-date=2024-08-14 \|website=[[CBS News]] \|language=en-US}}</ref> In addition, as part of the settlement Barstool agreed to delete a Twitter account the company had created called "Barstool Sports Union" which had solicited [[Private message\|DMs]] from employees in an apparent attempt to identify union supporters within the company.<ref name=":1" /> ==References== Line 210 ⟶ 229: [[Category:Newspapers established in 2003]] <!-- newspaper --> [[Category:~~Publications~~Newspapers disestablished in 2010]] <!-- newspaper --> [[Category:Sirius XM Radio channels]]