Dortmund: Difference between revisions

|German_name = <small>{{native name|wep|Düörpm}}</small>

|type = City

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|image_coa = Coat of arms of Dortmund.svg

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Founded around 882,<ref name="WM-document-882">[[:File:Boevinghausen erwaehnung.jpg|Wikimedia Commons]]: First documentary reference to Dortmund-Bövinghausen from 882, contribution-list of the Werden Abbey (near Essen), North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany</ref> Dortmund became an [[Imperial Free City]]. Throughout the 13th to 14th centuries, it was the "chief city" of the Rhine, Westphalia, and the Netherlands Circle of the [[Hanseatic League]]. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the city was destroyed and decreased in significance until the onset of industrialization. The city then became one of Germany's most important coal, steel, and beer centres; as a consequence, it was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during [[World War II]]. The devastating bombing raids of 12 March 1945 destroyed 98% of buildings in the inner city centre. The raids, with more than 1,110 aircraft, were the largest for a single target in World War II.<ref name="backtonormandy.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.backtonormandy.org/the-history/air-force-operations/airplanes-in-actions/lancaster/raf-bomber-command-748-lancasters-record-attack-dortmund-12-march-1945.html|title=Support – Main Menu|website=Backtonormandy.org|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-date=13 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813042135/https://www.backtonormandy.org/the-history/air-force-operations/airplanes-in-actions/lancaster/raf-bomber-command-748-lancasters-record-attack-dortmund-12-march-1945.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Today around 30 % of the city consists of buildings from before World War II.<ref name="Zensus 2011">{{cite web |title=Zensus 2011 - Gebäude- und Wohnungsbestand in Deutschland |url=https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4#page=90r |publisher=Statistische Ämter Des Bundes Und Der Länder}}</ref>

It became an [[Imperial Free City]] and one of the first cities in Europe with an official [[Brewing right]] in 1293.{{sfn|Ring|1995}} Throughout the 13th to 14th centuries, it was the "chief city" of the Rhine, Westphalia, the Netherlands Circle of the [[Hanseatic League]].

[[File:Alte Markt Dortmund.JPG|thumb|Old market [[St. Reinoldi (Dortmund)|St. Reinolds]]]]

 

===18th, 19th and early 20th centuries===

===Mayor===

[[File:2020 Dortmund mayoral election (2nd round).svg|thumb|350px|Results of the second round of the 2020 mayoral election]]

 

The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows:

===City council===

[[File:2020 Dortmund City Council election.svg|thumb|350px|Results of the 2020 city council election]]

 

{{election table}}

===Industrial buildings===

 

* [[Dortmund U-Tower|U-Tower]], former Dortmunder Union brewery, now a museum

* [[Zollern II/IV Colliery]], now part of the Westphalian Industrial Museum and an Anchor Point of the [[European Route of Industrial Heritage]] (ERIH)

 

===Cycling===

 

===Rail transport===

The [[Museum am Ostwall]] (known as Museum am Ostwall until 2010) is a museum of [[Modern art|modern]] and [[contemporary art]]. It was founded in the late 1940s, and has been located in the [[Dortmund U-Tower]] since 2010. The collection includes [[paintings]], [[sculptures]], objects, and [[photographs]] from the 20th century, plus over 2,500 [[Graphic art|graphics]], spanning [[Expressionism]] through classic modern art to the present day. At the heart of the collection are works by [[Ernst Ludwig Kirchner]], [[Otto Mueller]], [[Emil Nolde]], and graphics by [[Pablo Picasso]] from the 1940s and '50s, plus others by [[Joan Miró]], [[Marc Chagall]], and [[Salvador Dalí]].

 

 

The [[Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte]] or MKK (''Museum of Art and Cultural History'') is a municipal museum located in an [[Art Deco]] building which was formerly the Dortmund Savings Bank. The collection includes paintings, sculptures, furniture, and applied art, illustrating the cultural history of Dortmund from early times to the 20th century. There are regular temporary exhibitions of art and culture, as well as a permanent exhibition on the history of [[surveying]], with rare geodetic instruments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dortmund.de/de/freizeit_und_kultur/museen/mkk/dasmuseum/kurzportrt/index.html|title=Kurzporträt – Das Museum – Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte – Museen – Freizeit, Kultur, Tourismus |website=Dortmund.de}}</ref>

Traditional meals in the region are [[Pfefferpotthast]] (a form of Goulash, though containing more beef), [[Balkenbrij]], [[Himmel und erde|Heaven and Earth]] (Himmel und Äd; [[black pudding]] with stewed apples mixed with [[mashed potato]]es), [[Currywurst]], and [[Pumpernickel]] with Griebenschmalz (German lard with crispy pieces of pork skin).

 

 

Dortmund had more than 550 years of brewing tradition; some of the oldest [[brewery|breweries]] in [[Westphalia]] are founded around the Old Market in Dortmund. Dortmund is known for its pale lager beer called [[Dortmunder Export]] or Dortmunder; it became popular with industrial workers and was responsible for Dortmunder Union becoming Germany's largest brewery and Dortmund having the highest concentration of breweries in Germany. Popular and traditionally beer brands are [[Dortmunder Actien Brauerei]], Bergmann Bier, [[Kronen]], [[Dortmund U-Tower|Union]], Brinkhoff's, [[Dortmunder Actien Brauerei|Dortmunder Hansa]], Hövels, Ritter, Thier, and Stifts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.europeanbeerguide.net/dortpubs.htm|title=Dortmund Pub Guide :: the best beer bars, pubs and brewpubs|website=Europeanbeerguide.net|access-date=18 November 2017|archive-date=17 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517212141/http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/dortpubs.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Geschäftsstelle BVB Rheinlanddamm.jpg|thumb|Headquarters of the Borussia Dortmund sports club (BVB)]]

[[File:Handball-Bundesliga GmbH Hauptverwaltung.jpg|thumb|Headquarter DHB]]

 

 

===Football===

[[File:Dortmund Signal Iduna Park 1.jpg|thumb|[[Signal Iduna Park]], the home stadium of [[Bundesliga]] club [[Borussia Dortmund]], is the biggest stadium in Germany.]]

 

===Handball===