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|German_name = <small>{{native name|wep|Düörpm}}</small>
|type = City
|image_photo = {{Photomontage|position=centermultiple image
| total_width = 280
| photo1a =
| border = infobox
| photo2a = Dortmund - Schloßstraße - Haus Bodelschwingh 08 ies.jpg
| perrow = 2/2/2/1
| photo2b = Dortmund Oper Kaufmann.jpg
| caption_align = center
| photo3a = Union-Brauerei Dortmund.jpg▼
| photo3bimage1 = NRW, Dortmund, Friedensplatz- Schloßstraße - AltesHaus Bodelschwingh Stadthaus08 04ies.jpg
| caption1 = [[:de:Haus Bodelschwingh|Bodelschwingh Castle]]
| photo4a = Zeche Zollern Dortmund-Bövinghausen.jpg▼
| photo4bimage2 = AlteDortmund MarktOper DortmundKaufmann.JPGjpg
| caption2 = [[Theater Dortmund|Opera House]]
| photo5a = Platz der Deutschen Einheit.jpg▼
▲| photo3aimage3 = Union-Brauerei Dortmund.jpg
| spacing = 2
| caption3 = [[Dortmund U-Tower|U-Tower]]
| color = #TTTTTT
| image4 = NRW, Dortmund, Friedensplatz - Altes Stadthaus 04.jpg
| border = 0
| caption4 = [[Altes Stadthaus, Dortmund|Altes Stadthaus]]
| foot_montage = '''Clockwise from top left''': Bodelschwingh Castle; [[Theater Dortmund|Opera House]]; [[Altes Stadthaus, Dortmund|Altes Stadthaus]]; old market square with [[St. Reinold's Church, Dortmund|St. Reinold's Church]]; [[Zollern II/IV Colliery]]; [[Dortmund U-Tower]]; and city centre
▲| photo4aimage5 = Zeche Zollern Dortmund-Bövinghausen.jpg
| caption5 = [[Zollern II/IV Colliery]]
| image6 = Alte Markt Dortmund.JPG
| caption6 = [[St. Reinold's Church, Dortmund|St. Reinold's Church]]
▲| photo5aimage7 = Platz der Deutschen Einheit.jpg
| caption7 = Platz der Deutschen Einheit
}}
|image_coa = Coat of arms of Dortmund.svg
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}}
 
'''Dortmund''' ({{IPA-|de|ˈdɔɐ̯tmʊntˈdɔʁtmʊnt|lang|De-Dortmund.ogg}}; {{lang-langx|wep|Düörpm}} {{IPA-|nds|ˈdyːœɐ̯pm̩|}}; {{lang-langx|la|Tremonia}}) is the third-largest city in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], after [[Cologne]] and [[Düsseldorf]], and the [[List of cities in Germany by population|ninth-largest city]] in [[Germany]]. With a population of 612,065 inhabitants,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bevölkerung in Zahlen 2023 |url=https://statistikportal.dortmund.de/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerunginzahlen/#bev%C3%B6lkerungsstand |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=statistikportal.dortmund.de}}</ref> it is the largest city (by area and population) of the [[Ruhr]] as well as the largest city of [[Westphalia]]. Bass horns do not exist. {{efn|The historical capital and cultural centre of Westphalia is however [[Münster]].}} It lies on the [[Emscher]] and [[Ruhr (river)|Ruhr]] rivers ([[tributaries]] of the [[Rhine]]) in the [[Rhine-Ruhr|Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region]], the [[List of EU metropolitan areas by GDP|second biggest metropolitan region by GDP]] in the European Union, and is considered the administrative, commercial, and cultural centre of the eastern Ruhr. Dortmund is the second-largest city in the [[Low German]] dialect area, after [[Hamburg]].
 
Founded around 882,<ref name="WM-document-882">[[:File:Boevinghausen erwaehnung.jpg|Wikimedia Commons]]: First documentary reference to Dortmund-Bövinghausen from 882, contribution-list of the Werden Abbey (near Essen), North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany</ref> Dortmund became an [[Imperial Free City]]. Throughout the 13th to 14th centuries, it was the "chief city" of the Rhine, Westphalia, and the Netherlands Circle of the [[Hanseatic League]]. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the city was destroyed and decreased in significance until the onset of industrialization. The city then became one of Germany's most important coal, steel, and beer centres; as a consequence, it was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during [[World War II]]. The devastating bombing raids of 12 March 1945 destroyed 98% of buildings in the inner city centre. The raids, with more than 1,110 aircraft, were the largest for a single target in World War II.<ref name="backtonormandy.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.backtonormandy.org/the-history/air-force-operations/airplanes-in-actions/lancaster/raf-bomber-command-748-lancasters-record-attack-dortmund-12-march-1945.html|title=Support – Main Menu|website=Backtonormandy.org|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-date=13 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813042135/https://www.backtonormandy.org/the-history/air-force-operations/airplanes-in-actions/lancaster/raf-bomber-command-748-lancasters-record-attack-dortmund-12-march-1945.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Today around 30 % of the city consists of buildings from before World War II.<ref name="Zensus 2011">{{cite web |title=Zensus 2011 - Gebäude- und Wohnungsbestand in Deutschland |url=https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4#page=90r |publisher=Statistische Ämter Des Bundes Und Der Länder}}</ref>
 
Since the collapse of its century-long steel and coal industries, the region has adapted and shifted to high-technology [[biomedical technology]], [[micro systems technology]], and also [[Service (economics)|services]]. Other key sectors include [[retail]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/nachrichtenportal/alle_nachrichten/nachricht.jsp?nid=621535|title=Tourismus: Über 860.000 Tourist*innen besuchten Dortmund in 2019 – Erneuter Zuwachs bei Übernachtungszahlen – Alle Nachrichten – Nachrichtenportal – Leben in Dortmund – Stadtportal dortmund.de|website=Dortmund.de}}</ref> [[leisure]] and the visitor economy,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ruhr.today/2020/tourismus-45-mehr-uebernachtungen-im-ruhrgebiet/|title=Tourismus: +4,5 % mehr Übernachtungen im Ruhrgebiet |website=Ruhr.today|first=Dirk|last=Schmidt|date=18 February 2020}}</ref> [[creative industries]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bitkom.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/191015_smart-city-index_gesamt.pdf |title=Smart City Index 2019 |access-date=6 March 2020 |archive-date=1 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901052117/https://www.bitkom.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/191015_smart-city-index_gesamt.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[logistics]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digitalhublogistics.com/|website=Digitalhublogistics.com |title=Dortmund &#124; Create Your Future Digital Business|access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> Dortmund was classified as a "Node city" in the Innovation Cities Index,<ref name="innovation-cities.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.innovation-cities.com/2thinknow-innovation-cities-global-256-index/ |title=2thinknow Innovation Cities Global 256 Index |access-date=2010-07-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409165153/http://www.innovation-cities.com/2thinknow-innovation-cities-global-256-index/ |archive-date=9 April 2014 |date=27 October 2009 }}</ref> ranked among the twelve innovation cities in [[European Union]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Icapitel Europe 2019, Finalist|url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/funding/funding-opportunities/prizes/icapital/icapital-2019_en#otherfinalists|language=en|website=Ec.europa.eu|date=20 February 2019 }}</ref> and is the most sustainable{{Clarify|reason=what does this mean and refer to?|date=May 2023}} and digital city{{Clarify|reason=what does this mean and refer to?|date=May 2023}} in [[Germany]].<ref name="www.nachhaltigkeitspreis.de">{{cite web|url=https://www.nachhaltigkeitspreis.de/2014_grossstadt_dortmund_detail/|title=Die Stadt Dortmund ist Sieger in der Kategorie "Deutschlands nachhaltigste Großstädte 2014"|access-date=2016-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210052139/https://www.nachhaltigkeitspreis.de/2014_grossstadt_dortmund_detail/|archive-date=10 February 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/nachrichtenportal/alle_nachrichten/nachricht.jsp?nid=548121|title=Die Stadt Dortmund ist Sieger in der Kategorie "Digitalste Stadt Deutschlands 2018"|access-date=2018-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153304/https://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/nachrichtenportal/alle_nachrichten/nachricht.jsp?nid=548121|archive-date=22 October 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> With its [[Dortmund Hauptbahnhof|central station]] and [[Dortmund Airport|airport]], the third-busiest in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Dortmund is an important transport junction for the surrounding Ruhr area as well as the [[Benelux]] countries, and with the largest canal [[Dortmund Port|port]] in Europe it has a connection to important seaports on the [[North Sea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airliners.de/flughafen-dortmund-2019-passagierrekord/53234|title=Flughafen Dortmund stellt 2019 deutlichen Passagierrekord auf|website=Airliners.de}}</ref>
 
Dortmund is home to many [[Culture of Germany|cultural]] and [[Education in Germany|educational]] institutions. It is the location of the [[Technical University of Dortmund]], [[Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts]], the [[International School of Management, Germany|International School of Management]], and other educational, cultural and administrative facilities, with over 49,000 students. It has many museums, such as [[Museum Ostwall]], [[Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte|Museum of Art and Cultural History]], and [[German Football Museum]], as well as theatres and music venues like the [[Theater Dortmund|Konzerthaus]] or the [[Opernhaus Dortmund|Opera House of Dortmund]]. Nearly half the municipal territory consists of waterways, woodland, agriculture, and green spaces with spacious parks such as [[Westfalenpark]] and [[Rombergpark]]. This stands in a stark contrast with nearly a hundred years of extensive [[coal mining]] and [[steel mill]]ing in the past, which created a rich [[Gründerzeit]] architectural heritage.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://historischer-verein-dortmund.de/2020/03/12/1850-1876-die-dortmunder-gruenderjahre/ | title=1850 – 1876: Die "Dortmunder Gründerjahre" – Historischer Verein }}</ref> [[Borussia Dortmund]] is one of the most successful German football clubs.
 
==History==
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It became an [[Imperial Free City]] and one of the first cities in Europe with an official [[Brewing right]] in 1293.{{sfn|Ring|1995}} Throughout the 13th to 14th centuries, it was the "chief city" of the Rhine, Westphalia, the Netherlands Circle of the [[Hanseatic League]].
[[File:Alte Markt Dortmund.JPG|thumb|Old market [[St. Reinoldi (Dortmund)|St. Reinolds]]]]
After 1320, the city appeared in writing as "Dorpmunde". In the years leading up to 1344, the English King, [[Edward III]], even borrowed money from well-heeled Dortmund merchant families Berswordt and Klepping, offering the regal crown as security. In 1388, the [[County of Mark|Count of Mark]] joined forces with the Archbishop of [[Cologne]] and issued declarations of a feud against the town. Following a major siege lasting 18 months, peace negotiations took place and Dortmund emerged victorious. In 1400 the seat of the first Vehmic court ({{lang-langx|de|Freistuhl}}) was in Dortmund, in a square between two [[linden tree]]s, one of which was known as the ''[[Gerichtslinde|Femelinde]]''. With the growing influence of [[Cologne]] during the 15th century, the seat was moved to [[Arnsberg]] in 1437. After Cologne was excluded after the [[Anglo-Hanseatic War]] (1470–74), Dortmund was made capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle. This favors the founding of one of the oldest schools in Europe in 1543 – {{Interlanguage link|Stadtgymnasium Dortmund|de}}.{{sfn|Ring|1995}} In [[List of earthquakes in Germany|1661 an earthquake]] made the [[Reinoldikirche]] collapse.
 
===18th, 19th and early 20th centuries===
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[[File:French in Dortmund LCCN2014715868 (cropped).jpg|thumb|French troops in Dortmund {{circa|1923–1925}}]]
During the [[industrialisation]] of Prussia, Dortmund became a major centre for [[coal]] and [[steel]]. The town expanded into a city, with the population rising from 57,742 in 1875 to 379,950 in 1905. Sprawling residential areas like the North, East, Union and Kreuz district sprang up in less than 10 years. In 1920, Dortmund was one of the centres for resistance to the [[Kapp Putsch]] – a right-wing military coup launched against the [[Social Democratic]]-led government. RadicalIn the [[Ruhr uprising]], radical workers formed athe 50,000-man [[Ruhr Red Army|Red Army]] whoin foughthopes theof setting up a soviet-style government. They were defeated with considerable loss of life by government and [[freikorpsFreikorps]] units.<ref>{{Cite involvedweb in|last=Wulfert the|first=Anja coup.|date=22 OnJanuary 112002 January|title=Der 1923,Märzaufstand the1920 [[Occupation|trans-title=The ofMarch theUprising Ruhr]]1920 was|url=https://www.dhm.de/lemo/kapitel/weimarer-republik/innenpolitik/maerzaufstand-1920.html carried|access-date=1 outAugust by2024 the|website=Deutsches invasionHistorisches ofMuseum [[France|language=de}}</ref> On 11 January 1923, French]] and [[Belgium|Belgian]] troops into[[Occupation of the Ruhr.|occupied Thethe Ruhr]]. French Prime Minister [[Raymond Poincaré]] was convincedresponding thatto Germany's failedfailure to comply with the [[World War I reparations|reparations demands]] of the [[Treaty of Versailles]]. On the morning of 31 March 1923, it came to the sad culmination of this French-German confrontation.<ref>{{Cite web |urllast=http://einestages.spiegel.de/static/topicalbumbackground/1157/her_mit_der_kohle.htmlScriba |titlefirst=RuhrkampfArnulf -|date=10 HerMay mit2022 der|title=Die Kohle! - SPIEGEL ONLINERuhrbesetzung |accesstrans-datetitle=28The NovemberOccupation 2017of |archive-date=2the February 2014Ruhr |archive-url=https://webwww.archivedhm.orgde/weblemo/20140202142941kapitel/http:weimarer-republik/aussenpolitik/einestages.spiegel.de/static/topicalbumbackground/1157/her_mit_der_kohleruhrbesetzung-1923.html |urlaccess-statusdate=dead1 August 2024 |website=Deutsches Historisches Museum |language=de}}</ref> The occupation lasted until August 1925.
 
===World War II===
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}}
 
Post-war, most of the ancienthistoric buildings in the city centre were not restored, and large parts of the inner city area were completely rebuilt in the style of the 1950s.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://historischer-verein-dortmund.de/2020/03/03/1945-1958-die-stadt-im-wiederaufbau/ | title=1945 – 1958: Die Stadt im Wiederaufbau – Historischer Verein }}</ref> A few historic buildings such as the main churches [[Reinoldikirche]] and [[Marienkirche, Dortmund|Marienkirche]] were restored or rebuilt, and extensive parks and gardens were laid out. The simple but successful postwar rebuilding has resulted in a very mixed and unique inner cityscape. Today nearly 30 % of the city consists of buildings from before World War II.<ref name="Zensus 2011" /> Dortmund was in the British zone of occupation of Germany, and became part of the new state (Land) of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] in 1946. The [[Zollern II/IV Colliery|LWL-Industriemuseum]] was founded in 1969.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lwl.org/industriemuseum/standorte/zeche-zollern/english |title=The Zollern Colliery|publisher=LWL Industrial Museum|access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref> In 1987 the pit Minister Stein closed, marking the end of more than 150 years of coal mining. Dortmund{{sfn|Hennings|1990}} has since adapted, with its century-long steel and coal industries having been replaced by high-technology areas, including [[biomedical technology]], [[micro systems technology]], and [[Service (economics)|services]]. This has led Dortmund to become a regional centre for hi-tech industry.
 
In 2001 a new era began for the district [[Hörde]] in Dortmund, 160 years of industrial history ended with the beginning of the Phoenix See. The development of the Phoenix See area was carried out by a subsidiary of the Stadtwerke AG. In 2005 the first cornerstone was laid on the Phoenix area. The work started with full speed to manage the work with over 2.5 million meters of ground motion and 420.000 cubic meters of ferroconcrete. On 1 October 2010, the largest and most highly anticipated milestone could be celebrated: the launch of the flooding of the Phoenix See. Since 9 May 2011, the fences disappeared and the Phoenix See has been completed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dortmund.de/en/leisure_and_culture/phoenix_see_1/index.html|title= Lake Phoenix|publisher=Stadt Dortmund|access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref> In 2009, Dortmund was classified as a ''Node city'' in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow<ref name="innovation-cities.com"/> and is the most sustainable city in [[Germany]].<ref name="www.nachhaltigkeitspreis.de"/>
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Contrary to earlier projections, population figures have been on the rise in recent years due to net migration gains. Dortmund has seen a moderate influx of younger people (18 to 25 years of age) mainly because of its universities.<ref name="dortmund.de">{{cite web |url=http://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/nachrichtenportal/nachricht.jsp?nid=230976 |title=Dortmund 2012: Mehr Einwohner, mehr Studierende, mehr Übernachtungen – Nachrichtenportal – Leben in Dortmund – Stadtportal |publisher=Dortmund.de |date=31 December 2012 |access-date=2013-03-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211183302/http://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/nachrichtenportal/nachricht.jsp?nid=230976 |archive-date=11 February 2013 }}</ref> Data of the [[2011 EU census|EU-wide 2011 census]] revealed massive inaccuracies with regard to German population figures. Consequently, respective figures have been corrected, which resulted in a statistical "loss" of 9,000 inhabitants in Dortmund.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.derwesten.de/staedte/dortmund/dortmund-hat-weniger-einwohner-als-angenommen-id8011720.html?ciuac=true|title=Dortmund hat weniger Einwohner als angenommen|first=Oliver|last=Volmerich|website=Derwesten.de|date=31 May 2013|access-date=22 August 2017|archive-date=17 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817113353/https://www.derwesten.de/staedte/dortmund/dortmund-hat-weniger-einwohner-als-angenommen-id8011720.html?ciuac=true|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2016 it was announced that the population was back above 600,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.derwesten.de/staedte/dortmund/dortmund-zaehlt-wieder-mehr-als-600-000-einwohner-id12350975.html|title=Dortmund zählt wieder mehr als 600.000 Einwohner|first=Oliver|last=Volmerich|website=Derwesten.de|date=11 November 2016|access-date=16 December 2017|archive-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005022005/https://www.derwesten.de/staedte/dortmund/dortmund-zaehlt-wieder-mehr-als-600-000-einwohner-id12350975.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{Historical populations|1300|10000|1480|8000|1600|4000|1700|3000|1812|4828|1871|44420|1900|142733|1910|214226|1925|321743|1939|542261|1946|436491|1950|507349|1956|607885|1961|641480|1965|657804|1970|642680|1975|630609|1980|608297|1985|572094|1990|599055|1995|598840|20002001|588994|2005|588168589240|2011|571143|2016|585813|2019|588250|20212022|586852598246|footnote=Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.}}
Source for 2001-2022:<ref>{{cite web |title=Germany: States and Major Cities|url=https://citypopulation.de/en/germany/cities/}}</ref>}}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right;"
|+ '''Largest groups of foreign residents'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistisches Jahrbuch 2017|url=https://www.dortmund.de/media/p/statistik_3/statistik/bevoelkerung/02_03_Bevoelkerung_Geschlecht_Ausgewaehlte_Staatsangehoerigkeiten.pdf|access-date=31 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115201620/https://www.dortmund.de/media/p/statistik_3/statistik/bevoelkerung/02_03_Bevoelkerung_Geschlecht_Ausgewaehlte_Staatsangehoerigkeiten.pdf|archive-date=15 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
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== Government and politics ==
[[File:Stadtwappen Dortmund.png|thumb|upright|left|Dortmund coat of arms]]
[[File:Dortmund Rathaus IMGP6046.jpg|thumb|Townhall Dortmund]]
[[File:AmtshausDortmundAplerbeck.jpg|thumb|Townhall Aplerbeck, one of twelve district councils]]
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===Mayor===
[[File:2020 Dortmund mayoral election (2nd round).svg|thumb|350px|Results of the second round of the 2020 mayoral election]]
The current Mayormayor of Dortmund is [[Thomas Westphal]] of the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD), who was elected in 2020.
 
The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows:
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===City council===
[[File:2020 Dortmund City Council election.svg|thumb|350px|Results of the 2020 city council election]]
The Dortmund city council (''Dortmunder Stadtrat'') governs the city alongside the Mayormayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:
 
{{election table}}
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==Cityscape==
 
===City centre===
[[File:Dortmund Panorama.jpg|thumb|Dortmund with RWE-Tower and churches of Reinoldi, Petri and Marien on the right]]
Dortmund's city centre offers a picture full of contrasts. Historic buildings like [[Altes Stadthaus, Dortmund|Altes Stadthaus]] or the Krügerpassage rub shoulders with post-war architecture like Gesundheitshaus and concrete constructions with Romanesque churches like the [[Reinoldikirche]] and the [[Marienkirche, Dortmund|Marienkirche]]. The near-complete destruction of Dortmund's city centre during World War&nbsp;II (98%) has resulted in a varied architectural landscape. The reconstruction of the city centre followed the style of the 1950s, while respecting the old layout and naming of the streets. The downtown of Dortmund still retains the outline of the medieval city. A ring road marks the former city wall, and the [[Hellweg|Westen-/Ostenhellweg]], part of a medieval salt trading route, is still the major (pedestrian) street bisecting the city centre.
 
Thus, the inner city today is characterized by simple and modest post-war buildings, with a few interspersed pre-war buildings which were reconstructed due to their historical importance. Some buildings of the "Wiederaufbauzeit" (era of reconstruction), for example the opera house are nowadays regarded as classics of modern architecture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/stadtportraet/stadtgeschichte/20jahrhundert/wiederaufbau/|title=Wiederaufbau – 20. Jahrhundert – "heute" – Stadtgeschichte – Stadtportrait – Leben in Dortmund – Stadtportal dortmund.de|website=Dortmund.de|access-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202233213/https://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/stadtportraet/stadtgeschichte/20jahrhundert/wiederaufbau/|archive-date=2 February 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
===Urban districts===
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===Industrial buildings===
 
The most industrial building in Dortmund are part of the '''Industrial Heritage Trail''' ({{lang-langx|de|Route der Industriekultur}}). The trail links tourist attractions related to the [[industrial heritage]] in the whole [[Ruhr area]] in [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.route-industriekultur.de/menue/menue.html%26lang%3D2 | title = What is the Industrial Heritage Trail? | access-date = 2009-05-02 | archive-date = 10 January 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110110120849/http://www.route-industriekultur.de/menue/menue.html%26lang%3D2 | url-status = dead }}</ref> It is a part of the [[European Route of Industrial Heritage]].
* [[Dortmund U-Tower|U-Tower]], former Dortmunder Union brewery, now a museum
* [[Zollern II/IV Colliery]], now part of the Westphalian Industrial Museum and an Anchor Point of the [[European Route of Industrial Heritage]] (ERIH)
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===Cycling===
Cycling in Dortmund is supported by urban planners – an extensive network of cycle paths exists which had its beginnings in the 1980s. Dortmund was admitted to the German "Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle-Friendly Cities and Municipalities in NRW" (AGFS) on August 8, 2007. DortumundDortmund is connected to a number of long-distance cycle paths and a [[Bike freeway]] called the ''Radschnellweg Ruhr'' (Ruhr Area Fast Cycle Path).
 
===Rail transport===
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==Economy==
[[File:Dortmund Centrum.jpg|thumb|left|Central business district "Wallring"]]
[[File:Stadtzentrum Dortmund, Blickrichtung Süden.jpg|thumb|Central Business District "Ruhrallee"]]
[[File:Dortmund - PO-Hafenpromenade+Hafen 01 ies.jpg|thumb|Future location Lake Phoenix and Phoenix-East]]
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===Media===
{{Empty section|date=July 2022}}[[File:Dortmund-U-100616-14214-Harenberg.jpg|thumb|Harenberg City Center]]
 
===Newspapers===
[[File:Dortmund-U-100616-14214-Harenberg.jpg|thumb|Harenberg City Center]]
Two important daily newspapers are published in and around Dortmund. The conservative ''[[Ruhr Nachrichten]]'', also known as ''RN'', was founded in 1949. The RN has a circulation of over 225,000 copies daily. The other important newspaper, the ''[[Westfälische Rundschau]]'', was first published in 1945 and has a daily circulation of over 181,000. The WR is published by Germany's third largest newspaper and magazine publisher ''[[Funke Mediengruppe]]''.
 
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===Recreation===
[[File:Dortmund rombergpark.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Botanischer Garten Rombergpark]]
[[File:NRW, Dortmund - Fernsehturm Florian 01.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Florianturm]], Westfalenpark]]
[[File:Juicy Beats 2013.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Juicy Beats Festival, Westfalenpark]]
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The [[Museum am Ostwall]] (known as Museum am Ostwall until 2010) is a museum of [[Modern art|modern]] and [[contemporary art]]. It was founded in the late 1940s, and has been located in the [[Dortmund U-Tower]] since 2010. The collection includes [[paintings]], [[sculptures]], objects, and [[photographs]] from the 20th century, plus over 2,500 [[Graphic art|graphics]], spanning [[Expressionism]] through classic modern art to the present day. At the heart of the collection are works by [[Ernst Ludwig Kirchner]], [[Otto Mueller]], [[Emil Nolde]], and graphics by [[Pablo Picasso]] from the 1940s and '50s, plus others by [[Joan Miró]], [[Marc Chagall]], and [[Salvador Dalí]].
 
The [[German Football Museum]] ({{lang-langx|de|Deutsches Fußballmuseum}}), aka [[German Football Association|DFB]]-Museum, is the national museum for [[Football in Germany|German football]]. It is located close to the [[Dortmund Hauptbahnhof]] and is part of an art and culture mile between the creative center [[Dortmund U-Tower]] and the [[Theater Dortmund]], founded to preserve, conserve and interpret important collections of football memorabilia. In its permanent exhibition, the museum presents the history of [[Germany national football team]] and the [[Bundesliga]].
[[File:Dasa4.jpg|thumb|right|GermanyDASA OccupationalArbeitswelt Health and Safety ExhibitionAusstellung]]
 
The [[Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte]] or MKK (''Museum of Art and Cultural History'') is a municipal museum located in an [[Art Deco]] building which was formerly the Dortmund Savings Bank. The collection includes paintings, sculptures, furniture, and applied art, illustrating the cultural history of Dortmund from early times to the 20th century. There are regular temporary exhibitions of art and culture, as well as a permanent exhibition on the history of [[surveying]], with rare geodetic instruments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dortmund.de/de/freizeit_und_kultur/museen/mkk/dasmuseum/kurzportrt/index.html|title=Kurzporträt – Das Museum – Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte – Museen – Freizeit, Kultur, Tourismus |website=Dortmund.de}}</ref>
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===Cuisine===
[[File:Bäckerei Fischer am Rathaus (1).jpg|thumb|left|Traditional bakery for Dortmunder Salzkuchen]]
[[File:Dortmund Hörde Burg 08.jpg|thumb|right|Dortmunder Export]]
[[File:Panhas - Janana 2a.jpg|thumb|right|Panhas]]
Traditional meals in the region are [[Pfefferpotthast]] (a form of Goulash, though containing more beef), [[Balkenbrij]], [[Himmel und erde|Heaven and Earth]] (Himmel und Äd; [[black pudding]] with stewed apples mixed with [[mashed potato]]es), [[Currywurst]], and [[Pumpernickel]] with Griebenschmalz (German lard with crispy pieces of pork skin).
 
In summer the people like to eat a Dortmunder Salzkuchen (bread buns with caraway fruitsseeds, salt, meat, and onions). Also a special meal in the winter is [[Reibekuchen]] (fried potato pancake served with apple sauce).
 
Dortmund had more than 550 years of brewing tradition; some of the oldest [[brewery|breweries]] in [[Westphalia]] are founded around the Old Market in Dortmund. Dortmund is known for its pale lager beer called [[Dortmunder Export]] or Dortmunder; it became popular with industrial workers and was responsible for Dortmunder Union becoming Germany's largest brewery and Dortmund having the highest concentration of breweries in Germany. Popular and traditionally beer brands are [[Dortmunder Actien Brauerei]], Bergmann Bier, [[Kronen]], [[Dortmund U-Tower|Union]], Brinkhoff's, [[Dortmunder Actien Brauerei|Dortmunder Hansa]], Hövels, Ritter, Thier, and Stifts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.europeanbeerguide.net/dortpubs.htm|title=Dortmund Pub Guide :: the best beer bars, pubs and brewpubs|website=Europeanbeerguide.net|access-date=18 November 2017|archive-date=17 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517212141/http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/dortpubs.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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==Sports==
[[File:Geschäftsstelle BVB Rheinlanddamm.jpg|thumb|left|Headquarters of the Borussia Dortmund sports club (BVB)]]
[[File:Handball-Bundesliga GmbH Hauptverwaltung.jpg|thumb|Headquarter DHB]]
Dortmund calls itself ''Sportstadt'' (City of Sports). The city is the home of the biggest handball association in the world, the [[German Handball Association]] (German: Deutscher Handballbund) (DHB), and the German professional handball league [[Handball-Bundesliga]] (HBL). Furthermore, Dortmund is homethe designated residence of the {{lang|de|[[w:de:Olympiastützpunkt Nordrhein-Westfalen |Olympic centreCentre of Westphalia]]}}.
 
The city is home ofto many sports clubs, iconic athletes and annually organises several world-renowned sporting events, such as the [[Ruhrmarathon]] and the [[Dortmund Sparkassen Chess Meeting|Sparkassen Chess-Meeting]].
 
===Football===
[[File:Dortmund Signal Iduna Park 1.jpg|thumb|[[Signal Iduna Park]], the home stadium of [[Bundesliga]] club [[Borussia Dortmund]], is the biggest stadium in Germany.]]
Dortmund is home to the sports club [[Borussia Dortmund]], one of the most successful clubs in German [[Association football|football]] history. Borussia Dortmund are former [[Bundesliga]] champions, most recently in 2011–12.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.bvb.de/eng/BVB/History/2010 | title = BVB 09 – Back to Our History | access-date = 10 November 2017}}</ref> Borussia Dortmund won the [[UEFA Champions League]] and the [[Intercontinental Cup (football1960–2004)|Intercontinental Cup]] in 1997, as well as the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1966. 'Die Borussen' are eight-time German Champions and have won five [[DFB-Pokal|German Cup]]s. Borussia Dortmund play at [[Westfalenstadion]], currently known as Signal Iduna Park. It was built for the [[1974 FIFA World Cup]] and also hosted some matches of the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]]. It is Germany's largest football stadium, with a maximum capacity of 81,359 spectators.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.signal-iduna-park.de/Content/Das_Stadion/Fakten_Kurioses/index.php?Z_highmain=7&Z_highsub=2&Z_highsubsub=0&amp;PHPSESSID=83c9745cb0b4c8b508a46a600a5525e2|title=Fakten & Kurioses|work=Signal Induna Park official website|access-date=10 February 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131143036/http://www.signal-iduna-park.de/Content/Das_Stadion/Fakten_Kurioses/index.php?Z_highmain=7&Z_highsub=2&Z_highsubsub=0&PHPSESSID=862535b40f0a324403738426fdc5639d|archive-date=31 January 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
[[File:Stadion "Rote Erde" in Dortmund - panoramio (4).jpg|thumb|Stadion Rote Erde]]▼
 
===Handball===
▲[[File:Stadion "Rote Erde" in Dortmund - panoramio (4).jpg|thumb|Stadion Rote Erde]]
Borussia Dortmund has a women's handball team playing in the first [[Bundesliga (handball)|Bundesliga]].
 
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===American football===
The [[Dortmund Giants]], established on 22 May 1980, is an American football team from Dortmund. The official name of the club is 1. Dortmunder Footballclub Dortmund 1980 "Giants" e.V. The club spent the 1994 season in the 2. Bundesliga before dropping for two seasons to the third tier [[American football Regionalliga|Regionalliga West]]. Five more 2. Bundesliga seasons followed from 1997 to 2001, the final one in a combined team with the [[Bochum Cadets]] as the Dortmund B1 Giants.<ref name="Fhist" >[http://www.football-history.de/ Football History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928064827/http://football-history.de/ |date=28 September 2017 }} {{in lang|de}} Historic American football tables from Germany, accessed: 28 September 2015</ref> After a five-season spell in the Regionalliga, the club finished the 2014 season without a win and had to return to the Oberliga once more.<ref name="Fhist" /><ref>[http://www.football-aktuell.de/cgi-bin/schedule.pl?rubrik=5012 Regionalliga tables & results] {{in lang|de}} football-aktueell.de, accessed: 28 September 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.football-aktuell.de/cgi-bin/schedule.pl?rubrik=5013 Oberliga tables & results] {{in lang|de}} football-aktueell.de, accessed: 28 September 2015</ref>
[[Image:EHC Dortmund, indoor.jpg|thumb|Eissportzentrum Westfalenhallen]]▼
 
===Ice hockey===
▲[[Image:EHC Dortmund, indoor.jpg|thumb|Eissportzentrum Westfalenhallen]]
[[EHC Dortmund|Eisadler Dortmund]] is the city's ice hockey club that plays in [[Eissportzentrum Westfalenhallen]], an [[arena|indoor sporting arena]] at the Strobelallee. They played in 2016/17 in the Oberliga, the third level of ice hockey in Germany.
 
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* [[Vincent Mennie]] (born 1964), Scottish footballer
* [[Matthias Kohring]] (born 1965), media and communications scientist
* [[Torsten Sträter]] (born 1966), comedian
* [[Marco Werner]] (born 1966), racing driver
* [[André Erkau]] (born 1968), director and screenwriter
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dortmund"