Dortmund: Difference between revisions

{{Infobox German locationplace

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| photo3bimage1 = NRW, Dortmund, Friedensplatz- Schloßstraße - AltesHaus Bodelschwingh Stadthaus08 04ies.jpg

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'''Dortmund''' ({{IPA-|de|ˈdɔʁtmʊnt|lang|De-Dortmund.ogg}}; [[Westphalian language|Westphalian]] {{lang-ndslangx|wep|Düörpm}} {{IPA-|nds|ˈdyːœɐ̯pm̩|}}; {{lang-langx|la|Tremonia}}) is the third-largest city in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], after [[Cologne]] and [[Düsseldorf]], and the [[List of cities in Germany by population|ninth-largest city]] in [[Germany]]. With a population of 609612,000065 inhabitants,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bevölkerung in Zahlen 20222023 |url=https://statistikportal.dortmund.de/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerunginzahlen/#bev%C3%B6lkerungsstand |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=statistikportal.dortmund.de}}</ref> it is the largest city (by area and population) of the [[Ruhr]] as well as the largest city of [[Westphalia]].{{efn|The historical capital and cultural centre of Westphalia is however [[Münster]].}} It lies on the [[Emscher]] and [[Ruhr (river)|Ruhr]] rivers ([[tributaries]] of the [[Rhine]]) in the [[Rhine-Ruhr|Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region]], the [[List of EU metropolitan areas by GDP|second biggest metropolitan region by GDP]] in the European Union, and is considered the administrative, commercial, and cultural centre of the eastern Ruhr. Dortmund is the second-largest city in the [[Low German]] dialect area, after [[Hamburg]].

Founded around 882,<ref name="WM-document-882">[[:File:Boevinghausen erwaehnung.jpg|Wikimedia Commons]]: First documentary reference to Dortmund-Bövinghausen from 882, contribution-list of the Werden Abbey (near Essen), North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany</ref> Dortmund became an [[Imperial Free City]]. Throughout the 13th to 14th centuries, it was the "chief city" of the Rhine, Westphalia, and the Netherlands Circle of the [[Hanseatic League]]. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], the city was destroyed and decreased in significance until the onset of industrialization. The city then became one of Germany's most important coal, steel, and beer centres; as a consequence, it was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during [[World War II]]. The devastating bombing raids of 12 March 1945 destroyed 98% of buildings in the inner city centre. The raids, with more than 1,110 aircraft, were the largest for a single target in World War II.<ref name="backtonormandy.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.backtonormandy.org/the-history/air-force-operations/airplanes-in-actions/lancaster/raf-bomber-command-748-lancasters-record-attack-dortmund-12-march-1945.html|title=Support – Main Menu|website=Backtonormandy.org|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-date=13 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813042135/https://www.backtonormandy.org/the-history/air-force-operations/airplanes-in-actions/lancaster/raf-bomber-command-748-lancasters-record-attack-dortmund-12-march-1945.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Today around 30 % of the city consists of buildings from before World War II.<ref name="Zensus 2011">{{cite web |title=Zensus 2011 - Gebäude- und Wohnungsbestand in Deutschland |url=https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4#page=90r |publisher=Statistische Ämter Des Bundes Und Der Länder}}</ref>

Since the collapse of its century-long steel and coal industries, the region has adapted and shifted to high-technology [[biomedical technology]], [[micro systems technology]], and also [[Service (economics)|services]]. Other key sectors include [[retail]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/nachrichtenportal/alle_nachrichten/nachricht.jsp?nid=621535|title=Tourismus: Über 860.000 Tourist*innen besuchten Dortmund in 2019 – Erneuter Zuwachs bei Übernachtungszahlen – Alle Nachrichten – Nachrichtenportal – Leben in Dortmund – Stadtportal dortmund.de|website=Dortmund.de}}</ref> [[leisure]] and the visitor economy,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ruhr.today/2020/tourismus-45-mehr-uebernachtungen-im-ruhrgebiet/|title=Tourismus: +4,5 % mehr Übernachtungen im Ruhrgebiet |website=Ruhr.today|first=Dirk|last=Schmidt|date=18 February 2020}}</ref> [[creative industries]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bitkom.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/191015_smart-city-index_gesamt.pdf |title=Smart City Index 2019 |access-date=6 March 2020 |archive-date=1 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901052117/https://www.bitkom.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/191015_smart-city-index_gesamt.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[logistics]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digitalhublogistics.com/|website=Digitalhublogistics.com |title=Dortmund &#124; Create Your Future Digital Business|access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> Dortmund was classified as a "Node city" in the Innovation Cities Index,<ref name="innovation-cities.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.innovation-cities.com/2thinknow-innovation-cities-global-256-index/ |title=2thinknow Innovation Cities Global 256 Index |access-date=2010-07-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409165153/http://www.innovation-cities.com/2thinknow-innovation-cities-global-256-index/ |archive-date=9 April 2014 |date=27 October 2009 }}</ref> ranked among the twelve innovation cities in [[European Union]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Icapitel Europe 2019, Finalist|url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/funding/funding-opportunities/prizes/icapital/icapital-2019_en#otherfinalists|language=en|website=Ec.europa.eu|date=20 February 2019 }}</ref> and is the most sustainable{{Clarify|reason=what does this mean and refer to?|date=May 2023}} and digital city{{Clarify|reason=what does this mean and refer to?|date=May 2023}} in [[Germany]].<ref name="https://www.nachhaltigkeitspreis.de/sonstige/english-summary/">{{cite web|url=https://www.nachhaltigkeitspreis.de/2014_grossstadt_dortmund_detail/|title=Die Stadt Dortmund ist Sieger in der Kategorie "Deutschlands nachhaltigste Großstädte 2014"|access-date=2016-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210052139/https://www.nachhaltigkeitspreis.de/2014_grossstadt_dortmund_detail/|archive-date=10 February 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Dortmund ist die Digitalste Stadt in Deutschland">{{cite web|url=https://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/nachrichtenportal/alle_nachrichten/nachricht.jsp?nid=548121|title=Die Stadt Dortmund ist Sieger in der Kategorie "Digitalste Stadt Deutschlands 2018"|access-date=2018-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153304/https://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/nachrichtenportal/alle_nachrichten/nachricht.jsp?nid=548121|archive-date=22 October 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> With its [[Dortmund Hauptbahnhof|central station]] and [[Dortmund Airport|airport]], the third-busiest in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Dortmund is an important transport junction for the surrounding Ruhr area as well as the [[Benelux]] countries, and with the largest canal [[Dortmund Port|port]] in Europe it has a connection to important seaports on the [[North Sea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airliners.de/flughafen-dortmund-2019-passagierrekord/53234|title=Flughafen Dortmund stellt 2019 deutlichen Passagierrekord auf|website=Airliners.de}}</ref>

Dortmund is home to many [[Culture of Germany|cultural]] and [[Education in Germany|educational]] institutions. It is the location of the [[Technical University of Dortmund]], [[Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts]], the [[International School of Management, Germany|International School of Management]], and other educational, cultural and administrative facilities, with over 49,000 students. It has many museums, such as [[Museum Ostwall]], [[Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte|Museum of Art and Cultural History]], and [[German Football Museum]], as well as theatres and music venues like the [[Theater Dortmund|Konzerthaus]] or the [[Opernhaus Dortmund|Opera House of Dortmund]]. Nearly half the municipal territory consists of waterways, woodland, agriculture, and green spaces with spacious parks such as [[Westfalenpark]] and [[Rombergpark]]. This stands in a stark contrast with nearly a hundred years of extensive [[coal mining]] and [[steel mill]]ing in the past, which created a rich [[Gründerzeit]] architectural heritage.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://historischer-verein-dortmund.de/2020/03/12/1850-1876-die-dortmunder-gruenderjahre/ | title=1850 – 1876: Die "Dortmunder Gründerjahre" – Historischer Verein }}</ref> [[Borussia Dortmund]] is one of the most successful German football clubs.

The first time Dortmund was mentioned in official documents was around 882 as '''Throtmanni''' – In throtmanni liber homo arnold[us] viii den[arios] nob[is] soluit [solvit].<ref name="WM-document-882"/><ref>[[Rudolf Kötzschke]] (ed.): Die Urbare der Abtei Werden a. d. Ruhr (= Publikationen der Gesellschaft für rheinische Geschichtskunde XX: Rheinische Urbare). Bd. 2: A. Die Urbare vom 9.-13. Jahrhundert. Hrsg. von Rudolf Kötzschke, Bonn 1908, Nachdruck Düsseldorf 1978, Bd. 3: B. Lagerbücher, Hebe- und Zinsregister vom 14. bis ins 17. Jahrhundert, Bonn 1908, Nachdruck Düsseldorf 1978, Bd. 4, I: Einleitung und Register. I. Namenregister. Hrsg. von Fritz Körholz, Düsseldorf 1978, Bd. 4, II: Einleitung, Kapitel IV: Die Wirtschaftsverfassung und Verwaltung der Großgrundherrschaft Werden. Sachregister. Hrsg. von Rudolf Kötzschke, Bonn 1958</ref> In 1005 the "Ecclesiastical council" and in 1016 the"Imperial diet" met in Dortmund.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}

After 1320, the city appeared in writing as "Dorpmunde". In the years leading up to 1344, the English King, [[Edward III]], even borrowed money from well-heeled Dortmund merchant families Berswordt and Klepping, offering the regal crown as security. In 1388, the [[County of Mark|Count of Mark]] joined forces with the Archbishop of [[Cologne]] and issued declarations of a feud against the town. Following a major siege lasting 18 months, peace negotiations took place and Dortmund emerged victorious. In 1400 the seat of the first Vehmic court ({{lang-langx|de|Freistuhl}}) was in Dortmund, in a square between two [[linden tree]]s, one of which was known as the ''[[Gerichtslinde|Femelinde]]''. With the growing influence of [[Cologne]] during the 15th century, the seat was moved to [[Arnsberg]] in 1437. After Cologne was excluded after the [[Anglo-Hanseatic War]] (1470–74), Dortmund was made capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle. This favors the founding of one of the oldest schools in Europe in 1543 – {{Interlanguage link multi|Stadtgymnasium Dortmund|de}}.{{sfn|Ring|1995}} In [[List of earthquakes in Germany|1661 an earthquake]] made the [[Reinoldikirche]] collapse.

During the [[industrialisation]] of Prussia, Dortmund became a major centre for [[coal]] and [[steel]]. The town expanded into a city, with the population rising from 57,742 in 1875 to 379,950 in 1905. Sprawling residential areas like the North, East, Union and Kreuz district sprang up in less than 10 years. In 1920, Dortmund was one of the centres for resistance to the [[Kapp Putsch]] – a right-wing military coup launched against the [[Social Democratic]]-led government. RadicalIn the [[Ruhr uprising]], radical workers formed athe 50,000-man [[Ruhr Red Army|Red Army]] whoin foughthopes theof setting up a soviet-style government. They were defeated with considerable loss of life by government and [[freikorpsFreikorps]] units.<ref>{{Cite involvedweb in|last=Wulfert the|first=Anja coup.|date=22 OnJanuary 112002 January|title=Der 1923,Märzaufstand the1920 [[Occupation|trans-title=The ofMarch theUprising Ruhr]]1920 was|url=https://www.dhm.de/lemo/kapitel/weimarer-republik/innenpolitik/maerzaufstand-1920.html carried|access-date=1 outAugust by2024 the|website=Deutsches invasionHistorisches ofMuseum [[France|language=de}}</ref> On 11 January 1923, French]] and [[Belgium|Belgian]] troops into[[Occupation of the Ruhr.|occupied Thethe Ruhr]]. French Prime Minister [[Raymond Poincaré]] was convincedresponding thatto Germany's failedfailure to comply with the [[World War I reparations|reparations demands]] of the [[Treaty of Versailles]]. On the morning of 31 March 1923, it came to the sad culmination of this French-German confrontation.<ref>{{Cite web |urllast=http://einestages.spiegel.de/static/topicalbumbackground/1157/her_mit_der_kohle.htmlScriba |titlefirst=RuhrkampfArnulf -|date=10 HerMay mit2022 der|title=Die Kohle! - SPIEGEL ONLINERuhrbesetzung |accesstrans-datetitle=28The NovemberOccupation 2017of |archive-date=2the February 2014Ruhr |archive-url=https://webwww.archivedhm.orgde/weblemo/20140202142941kapitel/http:weimarer-republik/aussenpolitik/einestages.spiegel.de/static/topicalbumbackground/1157/her_mit_der_kohleruhrbesetzung-1923.html |urlaccess-statusdate=dead1 August 2024 |website=Deutsches Historisches Museum |language=de}}</ref> The occupation lasted until August 1925.

Post-war, most of the ancienthistoric buildings in the city centre were not restored, and large parts of the inner city area were completely rebuilt in the style of the 1950s.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://historischer-verein-dortmund.de/2020/03/03/1945-1958-die-stadt-im-wiederaufbau/ | title=1945 – 1958: Die Stadt im Wiederaufbau – Historischer Verein }}</ref> A few historic buildings such as the main churches [[Reinoldikirche]] and [[Marienkirche, Dortmund|Marienkirche]] were restored or rebuilt, and extensive parks and gardens were laid out. The simple but successful postwar rebuilding has resulted in a very mixed and unique inner cityscape. Today nearly 30 % of the city consists of buildings from before World War II.<ref name="Zensus 2011" /> Dortmund was in the British zone of occupation of Germany, and became part of the new state (Land) of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] in 1946. The [[Zollern II/IV Colliery|LWL-Industriemuseum]] was founded in 1969.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lwl.org/industriemuseum/standorte/zeche-zollern/english |title=The Zollern Colliery|publisher=LWL Industrial Museum|access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref> In 1987 the pit Minister Stein closed, marking the end of more than 150 years of coal mining. Dortmund{{sfn|Hennings|1990}} has since adapted, with its century-long steel and coal industries having been replaced by high-technology areas, including [[biomedical technology]], [[micro systems technology]], and [[Service (economics)|services]]. This has led Dortmund to become a regional centre for hi-tech industry.

In 2001 a new era began for the district [[Hörde]] in Dortmund, 160 years of industrial history ended with the beginning of the Phoenix See. The development of the Phoenix See area was carried out by a subsidiary of the Stadtwerke AG. In 2005 the first cornerstone was laid on the Phoenix area. The work started with full speed to manage the work with over 2.5 million meters of ground motion and 420.000 cubic meters of ferroconcrete. On 1 October 2010, the largest and most highly anticipated milestone could be celebrated: the launch of the flooding of the Phoenix See. Since 9 May 2011, the fences disappeared and the Phoenix See has been completed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dortmund.de/en/leisure_and_culture/phoenix_see_1/index.html|title= Lake Phoenix|publisher=Stadt Dortmund|access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref> In 2009, Dortmund was classified as a ''Node city'' in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow<ref name="innovation-cities.com"/> and is the most sustainable city in [[Germany]].<ref name="https://www.nachhaltigkeitspreis.de/sonstige/english-summary/"/>

{{Weather box |metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Dortmund |width=80%

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| Jan rainprecipitation mm= 65 =77.1

| Feb rainprecipitation mm= 56 =68.1

| Mar rainprecipitation mm= 53 =61.4

| Apr rainprecipitation mm= 57 =48.4

| May rainprecipitation mm= 68 =61.8

| Jun rainprecipitation mm= 78 =72.7

| Jul rainprecipitation mm= 93 =90.6

| Aug rainprecipitation mm= 93 =85.2

| Sep rainprecipitation mm= 67 =72.8

| Oct rainprecipitation mm= 60 =72.1

| Nov rainprecipitation mm= 71 =73.3

| Dec rainprecipitation mm= 77 =81.5

{{Historical populations|1300|10000|1480|8000|1600|4000|1700|3000|1812|4828|1871|44420|1900|142733|1910|214226|1925|321743|1939|542261|1946|436491|1950|507349|1956|607885|1961|641480|1965|657804|1970|642680|1975|630609|1980|608297|1985|572094|1990|599055|1995|598840|20002001|588994|2005|588168589240|2011|571143|2016|585813|2019|588250|20212022|586852598246|footnote=Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.}}

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right;"

{{As of|20142022}}, the largest Christian denominations were Protestantism (49.923,7%) and [[Catholicism]] (27.422,6% of the population).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/stadtportraet/statistik/veroeffentlichungen_1/statistisches_jahrbuch/index.html |title=Statistische Jahrbücher |website=Stadtportal Dortmund |access-date=26 Augustin 2016Zahlen |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814134809/https://wwwstatistikportal.dortmund.de/dedortmundinzahlen/leben_in_dortmund/stadtportraet/statistik/veroeffentlichungen_1/statistisches_jahrbuch/index.html#Bev%C3%B6lkerung |archive-datewebsite=14Statistikportal August 2018Dortmund |url-statuspublisher=dead |df=dmy-allStadt Dortmund}}</ref> Furthermore, in Dortmund the [[Greek Orthodox Church]], the [[Serbian Orthodox Church]], and the [[Macedonian Orthodox Church]] are represented. The Church of the Holy Apostles (gre. I.N. Αγίων Αποστόλων Ντόρτμουντ – I.N. Agíon Apostólon Dortmund) was the first Greek church in Germany to be founded due to the influx of "guest workers". Also Dortmund is home of the [[New Apostolic Church]] in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], with more than 84,944 community members.

[[File:Stadtwappen Dortmund.png|thumb|upright|left|Dortmund coat of arms]]

The current Mayormayor of Dortmund is [[Thomas Westphal]] of the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD), who was elected in 2020.

The Dortmund city council (''Dortmunder Stadtrat'') governs the city alongside the Mayormayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:

Dortmund's city centre offers a picture full of contrasts. Historic buildings like [[Altes Stadthaus, Dortmund|Altes Stadthaus]] or the Krügerpassage rub shoulders with post-war architecture like Gesundheitshaus and concrete constructions with Romanesque churches like the [[Reinoldikirche]] and the [[Marienkirche, Dortmund|Marienkirche]]. The near-complete destruction of Dortmund's city centre during World War&nbsp;II (98%) has resulted in a varied architectural landscape. The reconstruction of the city centre followed the style of the 1950s, while respecting the old layout and naming of the streets. The downtown of Dortmund still retains the outline of the medieval city. A ring road marks the former city wall, and the [[Hellweg|Westen-/Ostenhellweg]], part of a medieval salt trading route, is still the major (pedestrian) street bisecting the city centre.

Thus, the inner city today is characterized by simple and modest post-war buildings, with a few interspersed pre-war buildings which were reconstructed due to their historical importance. Some buildings of the "Wiederaufbauzeit" (era of reconstruction), for example the opera house are nowadays regarded as classics of modern architecture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/stadtportraet/stadtgeschichte/20jahrhundert/wiederaufbau/|title=Wiederaufbau – 20. Jahrhundert – "heute" – Stadtgeschichte – Stadtportrait – Leben in Dortmund – Stadtportal dortmund.de|website=Dortmund.de|access-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202233213/https://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/stadtportraet/stadtgeschichte/20jahrhundert/wiederaufbau/|archive-date=2 February 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The northern downtown part of Dortmund called Nordstadt, situated in a territory of {{cvt|14.42|km2}} is shaped by a colorful variety of cultures. As the largest homogeneous old building area in [[Ruhr]] the Nordstadt is a melting pot of different people of different countries and habits just a few steps from the city center. The Nordstadt is an industrial [[urban area]] that was mainly developed in the 19th century to serve the [[Westfalenhütte]] steelworks, port and rail freight depot. All of the residents live in a densely populated 300 hectare area (the most densely populated residential area in the state of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] with steelworks, port and railway lines acting as physical barriers cutting off the area from the city centre and other residential districts).<ref name="ReferenceADortmund.de">{{cite web|url=http://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/stadtbezirke/stbzportal_innenstadtnord/leben_in_in//|title=Die Stadt im Wiederaufbau|website=Dortmund.de}}</ref>

The area has been badly affected by the deindustrialisation of these heavy industries, with the target area developing a role as the home for growing numbers of immigrants and socially disadvantaged groups partly because of the availability of cheaper (although poor quality) accommodation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/dortmund-boosts-efforts-to-integrate-bulgarian-and-romanian-immigrants-a-911619.html// |title=Dortmund Boosts Efforts to Integrate Bulgarian and Romanian Immigrants - SPIEGEL ONLINE |access-date=2016-04-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330025233/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/dortmund-boosts-efforts-to-integrate-bulgarian-and-romanian-immigrants-a-911619.html |archive-date=30 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Nevertheless, two parks – Fredenbaumpark and Hoeschpark – are situated there. There is also much equipment for children to spend their free time. For example, the 35 meters high Big Tipi, which was brought in from the [[Expo 2000]] in Hanover. All of that should attract families to settle in, but low prices of apartments and a variety of renting offers speak for the contrary. This developed into the youngest population of Dortmund is living and created a district with art house cinemas to ethnic stores, from exotic restaurants to student pubs.<ref name="ReferenceADortmund.de"/>

* {{Interlanguage link multi|Petrikirche, Dortmund|de|3=Petrikirche (Dortmund)|lt=Petrikirche}}, a now Protestant church (start of construction 1322). It is famous for the huge carved altar (known as "Golden Miracle of Dortmund"), from 1521. It consists of 633 gilt carved oak figures depicting 30 scenes about Easter.

The most industrial building in Dortmund are part of the '''Industrial Heritage Trail''' ({{lang-langx|de|Route der Industriekultur}}). The trail links tourist attractions related to the [[industrial heritage]] in the whole [[Ruhr area]] in [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.route-industriekultur.de/menue/menue.html%26lang%3D2 | title = What is the Industrial Heritage Trail? | access-date = 2009-05-02 | archive-date = 10 January 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110110120849/http://www.route-industriekultur.de/menue/menue.html%26lang%3D2 | url-status = dead }}</ref> It is a part of the [[European Route of Industrial Heritage]].

Cycling in Dortmund is supported by urban planners – an extensive network of cycle paths exists which had its beginnings in the 1980s. Dortmund was admitted to the German "Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle-Friendly Cities and Municipalities in NRW" (AGFS) on August 8, 2007. DortumundDortmund is connected to a number of long-distance cycle paths and a [[Bike freeway]] called the ''Radschnellweg Ruhr'' (Ruhr Area Fast Cycle Path).

As with most communes in the Ruhr area, local transport is carried out by a local, publicly owned company for transport within the city, the [[DB Regio]] subsidiary of {{lang|de|[[Deutsche Bahn]]|italic=no}} for regional transport and {{lang|de|Deutsche Bahn|italic=no}} itself for long-distance journeys. The local carrier, [[Dortmunder Stadtwerke]] (DSW21), is a member of the [[Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr]] (VRR) association of public transport companies in the Ruhr area, which provides a uniform fare structure in the whole region. Within the VRR region, tickets are valid on lines of all members as well as DB's [[railway line]]s (except the high-speed [[InterCity]] and [[Intercity-Express]] networks) and can be bought at ticket machines and service centres of DSW21, all other members of VRR, and DB.

File:DBClp 40320140802 012224 ICE 3 Dortmund Hbf.jpg|[[Intercity Express|ICE]] 3 on the [[Dortmund Hauptbahnhof]]

[[File:Dortmund Centrum.jpg|thumb|left|Central business district "Wallring"]]

The [[Westenhellweg]] is a popular shopping destination and with nearly 13,000 visitors per hour it was Germany's most frequented shopping street in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.handelsdaten.de/statistik/daten/studie/236346/umfrage/ranking-der-beliebtesten-einkaufsstrassen-deutschlands-2013/|title=Beliebteste Einkaufsstraßen in Deutschland – Statistik|website=Handelsdaten.de|access-date=20 September 2015|archive-date=11 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111235616/http://www.handelsdaten.de/statistik/daten/studie/236346/umfrage/ranking-der-beliebtesten-einkaufsstrassen-deutschlands-2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> During the Middle Ages, Dortmund was the only free imperial city in Westphalia, having already been regarded as an important centre of trade. Today some of the most reputed shops, department stores have stores here. It is a pedestrian-only area and is bordered by the [[Reinoldikirche]] in the east and [[Dortmund U-Tower|U-Tower]] in the west. The Westenhellweg has one of the highest rents for retail and office space in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dortmund-tourismus.de/en/goingout-shopping/shopping-guide/shopping-guide/shopping-miles/hellweg.html|title=DORTMUNDtourismus -&nbsp;Hellweg|website=Dortmund-tourismus.de}}</ref> 85 percent of the shops are retail chains such as [[H&M]], [[Saturn (store)|Saturn]], [[Esprit Holdings|Esprit]], [[Zara (retailer)|Zara]] or [[NewYorker]]. In 2009 a new shopping mall named Thier-Galerie opened, with nearly 100 stores and chains, including; [[Armani]], [[Adidas]], [[Diesel (brand)|Diesel]], and [[Hollister Co.|Hollister]].

Three more shopping malls occupy the Thier-Galerie; [[Metro AG|Galeria Kaufhof]] and [[Arcandor|Karstadt]], as well as large fashion retail clothing stores from [[Peek & Cloppenburg]] and [[C&A]]. During the month before [[Christmas]], the extended pedestrian-only zone is host to [[Dortmund Christmas Market]], one of the largest and oldest Christmas markets in Germany. With more than 3.5 million visitors and 300 stalls around a gigantic Christmas tree that stands 45 metres tall, it is one of the most visited and popular market in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.topnews.de/weihnachtsmaerkte-koeln-ist-publikumsmagnet-325655 |title=Weihnachtsmärkte: Köln ist Publikumsmagnet : Topnews |publisher=Topnews.de |access-date=2013-05-06 |archive-date=12 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612123720/http://www.topnews.de/weihnachtsmaerkte-koeln-ist-publikumsmagnet-325655 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

For a long time, the Kampstraße had a shadowy existence as a parallel street to the Westenhellweg and Ostenhellweg, but it has become a grand boulevard containing specialist stores. Right next to the Kampstraße is the Kleppingstraße – a shopping street with a high concentration of gastronomy and expensive, prestigious shops like van Laack, Lindner Fashion, Marc Cain. It is located between the Ostenhellweg and Neutor to Wallring.

As a profoundly international city, Dortmund hosts diplomatic missions ([[consulate]]s and [[Consulate- general|consulates-general]]) of [[Italy]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consdortmund.esteri.it/consolato_dortmund/it/|title=Consolato d'Italia – Dortmund|work=consdortmund.esteri.it}}</ref> [[Greece]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://web2.cylex.de/firma-home/griechisches-generalkonsulat-1166057.html|title=Griechisches Generalkonsulat|website=Cylex-Branchenbuch Deutschland}}</ref> [[Bangladesh]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oeffnungszeitenbuch.de/filiale/Dortmund-Honorarkonsulat%2520der%2520Volksrepublik%2520Bangladesch-426709S.html|title=ᐅ Öffnungszeiten: Honorarkonsulat der Volksrepublik Bangladesch – Brackeler Hellweg 119 in Dortmund|website=Oeffnungszeitenbuch.de}}</ref> [[Ghana]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.botschaft-konsulat.com/Konsulate/17963/Ghana-in-Dortmund|title=Das Konsulat von Ghana in Dortmund – Deutschland|website=Botschaft-konsulat.com}}</ref> [[South Africa]],<ref name="autoWinterberg">{{cite web|url=https://www.konsulate.de/konsulate/konsulate_in_dortmund_info.php|title=Konsulate in Dortmund Konsulat Info konsulate.de |first=Michael|last=Winterberg|website=Konsulate.de}}</ref> the [[Czech Republic]],<ref name="autoWinterberg"/> and [[Slovenia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hk-slowenien-nrw.de/|title=Honorarkonsulat Slowenien|website=Hk-slowenien-nrw.de}}</ref>

{{Empty section|date=July 2022}}[[File:Dortmund-U-100616-14214-Harenberg.jpg|thumb|Harenberg City Center]]

Dortmund has 160 schools and 17 business, technical colleges teach more than 85,000 pupils. The city has a 4-year primary education program. After completing primary school, students continue to the Hauptschule, Realschule, Gesamtschule or Gymnasium (college preparatory school). The Stadtgymnasium Dortmund which was founded in 1543 as Archigymnasium is one of the [[List of oldest schools|oldest schools]] in Europe.<ref name="rostra">Rostra, ''Sonderausgabe vom 27. Oktober 1979''</ref> The Leibniz Gymnasium, a bilingual public school located in the Kreuzviertel district, is particularly popular with children of the English-speaking expatriate community. The school is an International Baccalaureate school.<ref>{{cite web|title=International Baccalaureate school.|url=http://www.ibo.org/en/school/004496/|website= IB Index|access-date=11 November 2017}}</ref> The [[Goethe-Gymnasium, Dortmund|Goethe-Gymnasium]] was founded in 1867 as the first school offering higher education to girls in the city. It has been a NRW Sportschule, focused on sports, from 2009.

In 2009, Dortmund was classified as a ''Node city'' in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow,<ref name="innovation-cities.com"/> and in 2014 acclaimed as the most sustainable city in [[Germany]].<ref name="https://www.nachhaltigkeitspreis.de/sonstige/english-summary/"/>

[[File:Dortmund rombergpark.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Botanischer Garten Rombergpark]]

The [[German Football Museum]] ({{lang-langx|de|Deutsches Fußballmuseum}}), aka [[German Football Association|DFB]]-Museum, is the national museum for [[Football in Germany|German football]]. It is located close to the [[Dortmund Hauptbahnhof]] and is part of an art and culture mile between the creative center [[Dortmund U-Tower]] and the [[Theater Dortmund]], founded to preserve, conserve and interpret important collections of football memorabilia. In its permanent exhibition, the museum presents the history of [[Germany national football team]] and the [[Bundesliga]].

[[File:Dasa4.jpg|thumb|right|GermanyDASA OccupationalArbeitswelt Health and Safety ExhibitionAusstellung]]

The [[Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte]] or MKK (''Museum of Art and Cultural History'') is a municipal museum located in an [[Art Deco]] building which was formerly the Dortmund Savings Bank. The collection includes paintings, sculptures, furniture, and applied art, illustrating the cultural history of Dortmund from early times to the 20th century. There are regular temporary exhibitions of art and culture, as well as a permanent exhibition on the history of [[surveying]], with rare geodetic instruments.<ref name=home>{{cite web|url=https://www.dortmund.de/de/freizeit_und_kultur/museen/mkk/dasmuseum/kurzportrt/index.html|title=Kurzporträt – Das Museum – Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte – Museen – Freizeit, Kultur, Tourismus |website=Dortmund.de}}</ref>

Dortmund offers a variety of restaurants, bars and clubs. Clubs concentrate in and around the city centre (Wallring) and in the Kreuzviertel district. After the [[Molotov (club)|Molotov]] in Hamburg and the [[Berghain]] in BerlinFurthermore, theDortmund FZWis (Freizeitzentrumone West) inof the Unionmain district is onecentres of the threeElectronic bestdance clubsmusic inand techno Germanysubculture. With 307the events[[Mayday in(music 2015,festival)|Mayday]] includingand concerts, parties,Syndicate festivals, readingsthe andWestfalenhalle footballArena publichas viewingsbecome haveone strengthenedof the FZW'smost reputationimportant astechno an "it club"strongholds in the Ruhr region[[Europe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.derwesten.de/staedte/dortmund/rangliste-fzw-gehoert-zu-den-besten-clubs-der-republik-id11476904.html|title=Rangliste: FZW gehört zu den besten Clubs der Republik|first=Jana|last=Schoo|date=19 January 2016|access-date=22 August 2017|archive-date=10 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710123442/https://www.derwesten.de/staedte/dortmund/rangliste-fzw-gehoert-zu-den-besten-clubs-der-republik-id11476904.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Furthermore, Dortmund is one of the main centres of the Electronic dance music and techno subculture. With the [[Mayday (music festival)|Mayday]] and Syndicate festivals, the Westfalenhalle Arena has become one of the most important techno strongholds in [[Europe]]. After negotiations with several German cities, it was announced that the [[Love Parade]] would move to the [[Ruhr Area]] for five years (2007–2012).

[[File:Bäckerei Fischer am Rathaus (1).jpg|thumb|left|Traditional bakery for Dortmunder Salzkuchen]]

In summer the people like to eat a Dortmunder Salzkuchen (bread buns with caraway fruitsseeds, salt, meat, and onions). Also a special meal in the winter is [[Reibekuchen]] (fried potato pancake served with apple sauce).

[[File:Geschäftsstelle BVB Rheinlanddamm.jpg|thumb|left|Headquarters of the Borussia Dortmund sports club (BVB)]]

Dortmund calls itself ''Sportstadt'' (City of Sports). The city is the home of the biggest handball association in the world, the [[German Handball Association]] (German: Deutscher Handballbund) (DHB), and the German professional handball league [[Handball-Bundesliga]] (HBL). Furthermore, Dortmund is homethe designated residence of the {{lang|de|[[w:de:Olympiastützpunkt Nordrhein-Westfalen |Olympic centreCentre of Westphalia]]}}.

The city is home ofto many sports clubs, iconic athletes and annually organises several world-renowned sporting events, such as the [[Ruhrmarathon]] and the [[Dortmund Sparkassen Chess Meeting|Sparkassen Chess-Meeting]].

Dortmund is home to the sports club [[Borussia Dortmund]], one of the most successful clubs in German [[Association football|football]] history. Borussia Dortmund are former [[Bundesliga]] champions, most recently in 2011–12.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.bvb.de/eng/BVB/History/2010 | title = BVB 09 – Back to Our History | access-date = 10 November 2017}}</ref> Borussia Dortmund won the [[UEFA Champions League]] and the [[Intercontinental Cup (football1960–2004)|Intercontinental Cup]] in 1997, as well as the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1966. 'Die Borussen' are eight-time German Champions and have won five [[DFB-Pokal|German Cup]]s. Borussia Dortmund play at [[Westfalenstadion]], currently known as Signal Iduna Park. It was built for the [[1974 FIFA World Cup]] and also hosted some matches of the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]]. It is Germany's largest football stadium, with a maximum capacity of 81,359 spectators.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.signal-iduna-park.de/Content/Das_Stadion/Fakten_Kurioses/index.php?Z_highmain=7&Z_highsub=2&Z_highsubsub=0&amp;PHPSESSID=83c9745cb0b4c8b508a46a600a5525e2|title=Fakten & Kurioses|work=Signal Induna Park official website|access-date=10 February 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131143036/http://www.signal-iduna-park.de/Content/Das_Stadion/Fakten_Kurioses/index.php?Z_highmain=7&Z_highsub=2&Z_highsubsub=0&PHPSESSID=862535b40f0a324403738426fdc5639d|archive-date=31 January 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

* {{wikivoyage- inline|Dortmund}}

|Northeast = [[Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hamm]], [[Bielefeld]]