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'''India–United Arab Emirates relations''' are the bilateral relations that exist between the [[Republic of India]] and the [[United Arab Emirates]]. Since [[3rd millennium BC|3000 B.C.]], India and the UAE, including its precursor emirates, had close relations with ancient trade networks. [[Sumer|Sumerians]] traded with [[Meluhha]] ([[Indus Valley Civilisation|Indus Valley]]), [[Magan (civilization)|Magan]] (UAE and [[Oman]]), and [[Dilmun]] (Bahrain), connecting through the UAE. Maritime routes facilitated Arab trade with India for silk, spices, gold, and porcelain. Sumerians traded with Meluhha (Indus Valley), Magan (UAE and Oman), and Dilmun (Bahrain), connecting through the UAE. Maritime routes facilitated Arab trade with India for silk, spices, gold, and porcelain. Post-1971, India-UAE relations strengthened politically, economically, and culturally.
They are both in [[I2U2 Group]].<ref>{{cite news |title=What Is the I2U2 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/14/world/middleeast/i2u2-india-israel-uae-us.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=14 July 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022|last1=Kingsley |first1=Patrick }}</ref> Indians also make up the largest ethnic group in the UAE, making up roughly 38% of UAE's total residents.<ref>{{cite web|title=What is the ethnic composition of the United Arab Emirates?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/amp/articles/what-is-the-ethnic-composition-of-the-united-arab-emirates.htm|website=worldatlas.com|access-date=22 October 2022}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> India is UAE's largest exports destination & trading partner with bilateral trade turnover of US$68.4 billion during the calendar year 2021. UAE's exports to India stood at US$43.04 billion while India's exports to UAE stood at US$25.4 billion. In 2022 India & UAE signed a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with an aim of taking bilateral trade to US$100 billion within 5 years.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 February 2022 |title=India, UAE sign Comprehensive Trade Agreement |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/india-uae-sign-comprehensive-trade-agreement/articleshow/89676044.cms | India and the UAE have strengthened defense cooperation since 2003, marked by joint exercises like Desert Eagle and Gulf Star-1.The Annual Defense Dialogue and high-level visits have played pivotal roles. Counter-terrorism collaboration, including successful operations against terrorists, has been a focus since 2014. Notably, in December 2020, India and the UAE thwarted a terrorist attack in Delhi.
India and the UAE, since 2014, have deepened ties with various agreements. [[Narendra Modi|PM Modi]] and [[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan|President Al Nahyan's]] rapport is highlighted. Future-plans include the first overseas IIT and [[BAPS Hindu Mandir Abu Dhabi|a Hindu temple]] in Abu Dhabi, symbolizing harmony, which was inaugurated on February 14, 2024.
==History==
=== Early years ===
Since 3000 B.C, relations between [[India]] and the seven emirates which now make up the [[United Arab Emirates]] were traditionally close. In ancient times, the Sumerians engaged in a vibrant trade network with three significant centers—Meluhha (most scholars identified as the Indus Valley Civilization, present-day Indian subcontinent), Magan (Oman and parts of the UAE), and Dilmun (Bahrain and parts of Saudi Arabia). Mesopotamian records reveal that Meluhha was a source of coveted goods like ivory and carnelian, while the UAE, particularly through its sheikhdoms, played a crucial role in connecting the trade routes. The seafarers navigated the oceans, enabling the Arabs to trade silk, spices, gold, and porcelain. Notably, the discovery of a direct route from the Red Sea to India by [[Hippalus]] in the first century BC enhanced commercial transactions, connecting Red Sea ports to Indian kingdoms. Evidence of this ancient trade persists, with discoveries of valuable goods and spices in Roman settlements along Egypt's Red Sea coast, highlighting the historical ties between India and the UAE.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Prashath |first=R.Thanga |last2=K |first2=Vinodkumar. |date=2020 |title=Bilateral Trade Relations Between India and UAE - Historical Perspective |url=
The UAE and India enjoyed close and friendly ties based on historic and cultural ties. People-to-people contacts and barter trade for clothes and spices from India in exchange for dates and pearls from the region have existed for centuries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indembassyuae.org/induae_bilatera|title=StackPath|website=www.indembassyuae.org|access-date=2019-08-30|archive-date=30 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830075600/http://www.indembassyuae.org/induae_bilatera|url-status=dead}}</ref> After the creation of the
=== 21st century ===
[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi being received by Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan.jpg|thumb|Prime Minister Narendra Modi being received by Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan|253x253px]]
On 16 August 2015, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] began a two-day visit to the UAE, the first state visit by an Indian
In January 2024, Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan visited India to participate in Vibrant Gujarat Summit 2024. As a special gesture PM Modi personally received the UAE
==Economic relations==
[[File:PM being welcomed by the President of UAE, Mr. Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan at Abu Dhabi Airport, in UAE on June 28, 2022.jpg|thumb|265x265px|PM being welcomed by the President of UAE, Mr. Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan at Abu Dhabi Airport, in UAE on June 28, 2022]]
The UAE is India's top trading partner in entire West Asia and North Africa region. According to journalist Ravi S. Jha, Indian exports to the UAE account for 6% of India's global exports. In 2008–09, India emerged as the largest trade partner of the UAE with bilateral trade between the two countries exceeding $44.5 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/general/india-s-economic-resilience-impresses-mohammed|title=India's Economic Resilience Impresses Mohammed|last=Jha|first=Ravi S.|website=Khaleej Times|access-date=2019-08-30}}</ref> In 2018–19, India-UAE bilateral trade grew by over 20% and India's exports to UAE grew by 7% whereas the UAE's exports to India surged by 37% to reach US$29.78 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://commerce-app.gov.in/ftpa/default.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214202404/http://commerce-app.gov.in/ftpa/default.asp |archive-date=14 February 2018 |title=System on Foreign Trade Performance Analysis (FTPA) Version 3.0
Though India and the UAE are two fast-growing economies from Asia, bilateral trade between them has not kept pace with the economic growth in the region, with trade falling to US$49.3 billion in 2016 from about US$67 billion in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2018 |title=India-UAE Bilateral Trade – UAE & India Exports and Imports Data 201 |url=https://www.exportgenius.in/blog/india-uae-bilateral-trade-uae-india-exports-and-imports-data-2017-197.php |
An underwater rail tunnel linking the UAE with the western coast of India was proposed in 2018. The proposed tunnel would be supported by pontoons and be nearly 2000 kilometres in length.<ref>{{cite web |title=A 2,000-km-long underwater rail will connect Mumbai to the UAE very soon! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/a-2000-km-long-underwater-rail-will-connect-mumbai-to-the-uae-very-soon/
India had a four-story pavilion at Dubai Expo 2020 showcasing business opportunities and its global push towards attracting investors for its projected $5 trillion economy. The pavilion, one of the largest among 190 countries, featured Indian brands and multinational companies, including [[Reliance Industries]] and [[Adani Group]]. The Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement being negotiated with the UAE was expected to help in sealing at least $100 billion trade. India's rising unicorns and startups were a major attraction for global investors, and at least 13 states participated at the Dubai Expo.<ref>{{cite web | last=Thakur | first=Pradeep | title=Pact with UAE to generate $100bn trade, says official | website=The Times of India | date=2021-09-24 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/pact-with-uae-to-generate-100bn-trade-says-official/articleshow/86470145.cms | access-date=2023-02-05}}</ref> In 2023, the UAE and Saudi Arabia joined BRICS.<ref>{{cite news| last=Rahman | first=Fareed | title=Saudi Arabia and UAE officially join Brics: What will it mean for the bloc? |newspaper=The National | date=1 January 2024 | url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/economy/2024/01/01/saudi-arabia-and-uae-officially-join-brics-what-will-it-mean-for-the-bloc/#:~:text=Saudi%20Arabia%20along%20with%20the,South%20Africa%20the%20original%20members | access-date=24 January 2024}}</ref> At the G20 Summit 2023 a memorandum of understanding on the [[India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor]], or IMEC, was signed by the European Union, India, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-india-saudi-eu-unveil-rail-ports-deal-g20-sidelines-white-house-official-2023-09-09/|title=US, India, Saudi, EU unveil rail, ports deal on G20 sidelines|website=[[Reuters]] |accessdate=24 January 2024}}</ref> 2023 also saw an agreement to allow bilateral trade to use Indian rupees, rather than US dollars.<ref>{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india-ties-up-with-uae-settle-trade-rupees-2023-07-15/ |title=India ties up with UAE to settle trade in rupees |author=Arpan Chaturvedi |work=Reuters |date=15 July 2023 |access-date=27 November 2024}}</ref>
India and the UAE have engaged in collaborative efforts in the field of space exploration through the cooperation of the UAE Space Agency ([[United Arab Emirates Space Agency|UAESA]]) and the Indian Space Research Organization ([[ISRO]]). The collaboration gained momentum during Prime Minister
== Security
[[File:Major General Staff Pilot Ibrahim Nasser M Al Alawi, Commander UAE Air Force & Air Defence calling on the Chief of Army Staff, General Dalbir Singh, in New Delhi on September 01, 2014.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Major General Staff Pilot Ibrahim Nasser M Al Alawi, Commander UAE Air Force & Air Defence calling on the Chief of Army Staff, General Dalbir Singh, in New Delhi on September 01, 2014]]
Defense cooperation between India and UAE has seen growth since 2003 when the
Since 2014, India has worked with UAE on various counter-terrorism issues.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/india-gulf-counterterrorism-cooperation|title=India Gulf Counter-Terrorism Cooperation|last=Siyech|first=Mohammed Sinan|date=December 21, 2017|website=Middle East Institute}}</ref> On 4 March 2018, the [[Indian Coast Guard]] and Emirati special forces collaborated in a successful operation, requested by Emirati Prime Minister Sheikh [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]], and approved by Indian
== Cultural
{{See also|Indians
[[File:BAPS Abu Dhabi Mandir.jpg|thumb|265x265px|Visitors at newly constructed BAPS Hindu Mandir at Abu Dhabi.]]
{{See also|Hinduism in the United Arab Emirates}}
In 1975, UAE and India signed an agreement to deepen their cultural ties. Both countries agreed to cooperate in art, culture, and education, including academic activity in science and technology, sports, public health and mass media.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CULTURAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES [1975] INTSer 1 |url=http://www.commonlii.org/in/other/treaties/INTSer/1975/1.html |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=www.commonlii.org}}</ref>
There are currently over 3 million Indians living in UAE.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Connor |first=Phillip |title=India is a top source and destination for world's migrants |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/03/03/india-is-a-top-source-and-destination-for-worlds-migrants/ |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref> Immigration has been highly active since the 1960s. Most of the people who migrated are from the southern states of India.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Parekh |first1=Bhikhu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUlhu8dVX8MC |title=Culture and Economy in the Indian Diaspora |last2=Singh |first2=Gurharpal |last3=Vertovec |first3=Steven |date=2004-06-04 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-203-39829-6 |language=en}}</ref> Since 2014, both countries have signed multiple agreements and have increased their cooperation in various fields. Diplomats have emphasized the bonhomie between PM [[Narendra Modi]] and President [[Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan|Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] for close cooperation between the countries.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suri |first=Navdeep |title=Prime Minister Modi's visit to Abu Dhabi: Signs of close ties with the UAE {{!}} ORF |language=en-US |work=ORF |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/prime-minister-modis-visit-to-abu-dhabi/ |access-date=2023-02-26}}</ref> In a joint statement given in February 2022, there was a proposal to establish the first overseas [[IIT Delhi|IIT]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Modi's UAE Stopover to Give a Fillip to the India-UAE Partnership |url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/07/modis-uae-stopover-to-give-a-fillip-to-the-india-uae-partnership/ |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref>▼
▲There are currently over 3 million Indians living in UAE.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Connor |first=Phillip |date=3 March 2017 |title=India is a top source and destination for world's migrants |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/03/03/india-is-a-top-source-and-destination-for-worlds-migrants/ |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref> Immigration has been highly active since the 1960s. Most of the people who migrated are from the southern states of India.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Parekh |first1=Bhikhu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUlhu8dVX8MC |title=Culture and Economy in the Indian Diaspora |last2=Singh |first2=Gurharpal |last3=Vertovec |first3=Steven |date=2004-06-04 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-203-39829-6 |language=en}}</ref> Since 2014, both countries have signed multiple agreements and have increased their cooperation in various fields. Diplomats have emphasized the bonhomie between
As a symbol of growing relations between the two countries, [[BAPS Hindu Mandir Abu Dhabi|a Hindu temple]] is proposed and under construction in [[Abu Dhabi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-05 |title=Gujarati New Year 2021: Significance and all you need to know about special occasion |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/gujarati-new-year-2021-significance-and-all-you-need-to-know-about-special-occasion-10112301.html |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> The temple has been projected as a symbol of harmony by the two countries. The temple is being built by [[Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha|BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha]] and is scheduled to be inaugurated on February 14, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Ashwani |title=UAE: Indian PM Modi to inaugurate Abu Dhabi Hindu temple on Feb 14 |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/uae-indian-pm-modi-to-inaugurate-abu-dhabi-hindu-temple-on-feb-14 |access-date=2024-01-25 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en}}</ref> ▼
▲As a symbol of growing relations between the two countries, a [[BAPS Hindu Mandir Abu Dhabi|
==References==
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