Demographics of Australia: Difference between revisions

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Line 35: * [[Croatian Australians\|Croatian]] (0.65%) * Others (3.27%) * [[~~Australians~~Australian ancestry\|Australian (Only)]] (14.82%)<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://profile.id.com.au/australia/ancestry#:~:text=Analysis%20of%20the%20ancestry%20responses,2%2C410%2C840%20people%20or%209.5%25) \| title=2021 Australia}}</ref>{{refn\|group="N"\|The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry have at least partial [[Anglo-Celtic Australian\|Anglo-Celtic]] ancestry.<ref name="Commonwealth of Australia">{{cite news\|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/49f609c83cf34d69ca2569de0025c182!OpenDocument\|title=Feature Article – Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article) \|publisher=[[Commonwealth of Australia]] \|agency=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] \|work=1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 1995}}</ref>}} {{tree list/end}} }} Line 64: [[Fijian Australians\|Fijian]] (0.19%) [[Tongan Australians\|Tongan]] (0.17%) [[Australian Baloch\|Baloch]] (0.1%)<ref>{{cite web\|title=Australian Bureau of Statistics \|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/people-and-communities/cultural-diversity-census/2021/Cultural%20diversity%20data%20summary.xlsx\|access-date=December 19, 2024}}</ref> Others (0.33%) * [[African Australians\|Sub-Saharan]] (1.57%)<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://profile.id.com.au/australia/ancestry#:~:text=Analysis%20of%20the%20ancestry%20responses,2%2C410%2C840%20people%20or%209.5%25) \| title=2021 Australia}}</ref>{{refn\|group="N"\|Likely an overcount in terms of Australians of Sub-Saharan descent/ethnicity as this figure includes ancestries such as South African which is predominantly made up of South Africans of European descent}} Line 84 ⟶ 85: <!-- language --> \|official = None at Federal level or State level \|spoken = [[English language\|English]] (72.00%) <br>[[Mandarin Chinese\|Mandarin]] (2.70%) <br> [[~~Arabic\|~~Arabic]] (1.44%) <br> [[Vietnamese language\|Vietnamese]] (1.26%) <br> [[~~Cantonese\|~~Cantonese]] (1.16%) <br> [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]] (0.94%) <br> [[Greek language\|Greek]] (0.90%) <br> [[Italian Language\|Italian]] (0.90%) <br> Others (12.97%) }} {{Use Australian English\|date=August 2022 Line 90 ⟶ 91: {{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2016}} The population of [[Australia]] is estimated to be {{data Australia\|poptoday\|formatnum}} as of {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.<ref name="popclock">{{cite web\|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/population-clock-pyramid\|title=Population clock and pyramid\|work=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] website\|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia\|access-date=5 March 2024}} The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00:00 UTC and is based on data obtained from the population clock on the date shown in the citation.</ref> ~~Australia~~It is the ~~56th~~54th<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/population-by-country.htm\|title=Population Figures for all Countries of the World (latest) - Nations Online Project}}</ref> most populous country in the world and the most populous Oceanian country. Its population is concentrated mainly in urban areas, particularly on the Eastern, South Eastern and Southern seaboards, and is expected to exceed 30 million by 2029.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Australia's population forecast to hit 30 million by 2029\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/nov/22/australias-population-forecast-to-hit-30-million-by-2029\|access-date=16 March 2023\|newspaper=The Guardian\|date=22 November 2018}}</ref> Australia's population has grown from an estimated population of between 300,000 and 2,400,000 [[Indigenous Australians]] at the time of British colonisation in 1788 due to [[Immigration to Australia\|numerous waves of immigration]] during the period since. Also due to immigration, the European component's share of the population rose sharply in the late 18th and 19th centuries, but is now declining as a percentage.<ref name="aphmigr">{{cite web \|last1=Phillips \|first1=Janet \|last2=Simon-Davies \|first2=Joanne \|title=Migration—Australian migration flows and population \|url=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook45p/MigrationFlows \|publisher=Australian Parliamentary Library \|access-date=21 April 2019 \|language=en-AU}}</ref> Australia has an average [[population density]] of {{#expr:{{Data Australia\|poptoday}} / 7682300 round 1}} persons per square kilometre of total land area, which makes it one of the [[List of countries by population density\|most sparsely populated countries in the world]]. This is generally attributed to the [[semi-arid]] and [[Desert climate\|desert]] [[Geography of Australia\|geography]] of much of the interior of the country. Another factor is urbanisation, with 89% of its population living in a handful of urban areas, Australia is one of the world's [[Urbanization by country\|most urbanised]] countries.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Data – Australia\|url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/australia\|work=The World Bank\|publisher=The World Bank Group\|access-date=24 April 2013\|year=2013}}</ref> The [[life expectancy]] of Australia in 2015–2017 was 83.2 years, [[List of countries by life expectancy\|among the highest in the world]].<ref name="lifeexp-abs">{{cite web \|title=3302.0.55.001 – Life Tables, States, Territories and Australia, 2015–2017 \|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3302.0.55.001Main%20Features22015-2017?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3302.0.55.001&issue=2015-2017&num=&view= \|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics \|access-date=21 April 2019}}</ref> ~~==Cities==~~ ~~{{Main\|List of cities in Australia by population\|List of cities in Australia}}~~ Australia contains five cities (including their suburbs) that consist of over one million people. Most of Australia's population live close to coastlines.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/beach/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226144234/http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/beach/ \|archive-date=26 February 2010 \|title=The Beach \|work=Australian Government: Culture Portal \|publisher=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Commonwealth of Australia \|date=17 March 2008 }}</ref> ~~{{Largest cities of Australia}}{{Clear}}~~ ~~==Ancestry==~~ ~~{{main\|Australians}}~~ The earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of humans to the continent of Australia places this [[human migration]] to at least 65,000 years ago,<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Weule \|first1=Genelle \|author2=Felicity James \|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2017-07-20/aboriginal-shelter-pushes-human-history-back-to-65,000-years/8719314 \|title=Indigenous rock shelter in Top End pushes Australia's human history back to 65,000 years \|journal=Nature \|volume=547 \|issue=7663 \|pages=306–310 \|doi=10.1038/nature22968 \|pmid=28726833 \|publisher=Abc.net.au \|date=20 July 2017 \|access-date=27 September 2017\|hdl=2440/107043 \|s2cid=205257212 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> most probably from the islands of [[Indonesia]] and [[New Guinea]].<ref name="University of Wollongong"/> Captain [[James Cook]] claimed the east coast for [[Kingdom of Great Britain\|Great Britain]] in 1770; the west coast was later settled by Britain also. At that time, the indigenous population was estimated to have been between 315,000 and 750,000,<ref name="ABS2008YBindigenous"/> divided into as many as 500 tribes speaking many different languages. Between 1788 and the [[Second World War]], the vast majority of settlers and immigrants came from the [[Anglo-Celtic Australians\|British Isles]] (principally [[English Australians\|England]], [[Irish Australians\|Ireland]] and [[Scottish Australians\|Scotland]]), although there was significant immigration from [[Chinese Australians\|China]] and [[German Australians\|Germany]] during the 19th century. In the decades immediately following the Second World War, Australia received a [[Post-war immigration to Australia\|large wave of immigration]] from across [[European Australians\|Europe]], with many more immigrants arriving from [[Southern Europe\|Southern]] and [[Eastern Europe]] than in previous decades. Since the end of the [[White Australia policy]] in 1973, Australia has pursued an official policy of [[multiculturalism]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.immi.gov.au/facts/06evolution.htm\|title=The Evolution of Australia's Multicultural Policy\|access-date=18 September 2007\|year=2005\|publisher=Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060219130703/http://www.immi.gov.au/facts/06evolution.htm\|archive-date=19 February 2006}}</ref> and there has been a [[Immigration to Australia\|large and continuing wave]] of immigration from across the world, with [[Asian Australians\|Asia]] being the largest source of immigrants in the 21st century.<ref name="homeaffairs.gov.au">{{cite web\|url=https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-migration-program-2018-19.pdf\|title=2018-19 Migration Program Report\|website=Department of Home Affairs\|date=30 June 2019}}</ref> The [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] no longer collects data on [[race (human categorization)\|race]], but does ask each Australian resident to nominate up to two [[ancestry\|ancestries]] each [[Census in Australia\|census]].<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/detailed-methodology-information/information-papers/understanding-and-using-ancestry-data \| title=Understanding and using Ancestry data \| Australian Bureau of Statistics \| date=28 June 2022 }}</ref> These ancestry responses are classified into broad standardised ancestry groups.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/classifications/australian-standard-classification-cultural-and-ethnic-groups-ascceg/latest-release \| title=Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG), 2019 \| Australian Bureau of Statistics \| date=18 December 2019 }}</ref> In the 2021 census, the most commonly nominated individual ancestries as a proportion of the total population were:<ref name=":02">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2021/AUS/download/GCP_AUS.xlsx\|title=2021 Census Community Profiles: Australia}}</ref> <!-- Only ancestries with >1% are listed. --> ~~{{columns-list\|colwidth=12em\|~~ * [[English Australian\|English]] (33%) * [[Australians\|Australian]] (29.9%){{refn\|group="N"\|The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry have at least partial [[Anglo-Celtic Australian\|Anglo-Celtic]] ancestry.<ref name="Commonwealth of Australia">{{cite news\|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/49f609c83cf34d69ca2569de0025c182!OpenDocument\|title=Feature Article – Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article) \|publisher=[[Commonwealth of Australia]] \|agency=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] \|work=1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 1995}}</ref>}} * [[Irish Australian\|Irish]] (9.5%) * [[Scottish Australian\|Scottish]] (8.6%) * [[Chinese Australian\|Chinese]] (5.5%) * [[Italian Australian\|Italian]] (4.4%) * [[German Australian\|German]] (4%) * [[Indian Australian\|Indian]] (3.1%) * [[Aboriginal Australians\|Aboriginal]] (2.9%){{refn\|group="N"\|Those who nominated their ancestry as "Australian Aboriginal". Does not include [[Torres Strait Islanders]]. This relates to nomination of ancestry and is distinct from persons who identify as Indigenous (Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander) which is a separate question.}} * [[Greek Australian\|Greek]] (1.7%) * [[Filipino Australian\|Filipino]] (1.6%) * [[Dutch Australian\|Dutch]] (1.5%) * [[Vietnamese Australian\|Vietnamese]] (1.3%) * [[Lebanese Australian\|Lebanese]] (1%) * [[Polish Australian\|Polish]] (0.8%) }} At the 2021 census, 3.2% of the Australian population identified as being [[Indigenous Australians\|Indigenous]] — [[Aboriginal Australians]] and [[Torres Strait Islanders]].{{refn\|group="N"\|Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.}}<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/AUS\|title=2021 Australia, Census All persons QuickStats \|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics }}</ref> In 2020, 7.5% of births were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander persons up from 5.7% in 2010; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander fertility rates have stayed above replacement levels even as the nation's has declined rapidly.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Births, Australia \|date=12 August 2021 \|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/births-australia/latest-release \|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> Although the ABS does not collect data on race and ethnic background, various studies have put together results of the census to determine the ethnic composition of Australia, the [[Australian Human Rights Commission]] has estimated the European population at 76% of the Australian population,<ref>{{Cite web \|date=April 2018 \|title=Leading for Change A blueprint for cultural diversity and inclusive leadership revisited \|url=https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/Leading%20for%20Change_Blueprint2018_FINAL_Web.pdf \|access-date=2023-06-26 \|website=humanrights.gov.au}}</ref> while a media diversity study put it at 72%, the non-European proportion was 21% and 23% respectively, and the [[Aboriginal Australian]] population at 3% in both.<ref>{{Cite web \|last1=Groutsis \|first1=Dimitria \|last2=Martin \|first2=Lee \|last3=Lattouf \|first3=Antoinette \|last4=Soutphommasane \|first4=TIm \|last5=Lumby \|first5=Catharine \|last6=Young \|first6=Nareen \|last7=Crawford \|first7=Joanne \|last8=Robertson \|first8=Adam \|date=2022 \|title=Who Gets to Tell Australian Stories? \|url=https://www.mediadiversityaustralia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Who-Gets-to-Tell-Australian-Stories_2.0_FINAL_pdf.pdf \|access-date=2023-06-26 \|website=mediadiversityaustralia.org}}</ref> Immigration minister [[Andrew Giles]] had pledged to incorporate a question on ethnicity into the [[2026 Australian census]].<ref>{{cite news \| url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-06-16/federal-government-to-measure-ethnicity-data-multiculturalism/101158038 \| title='If you're not counted, you don't know that you exist': Federal government to collect data on Australians' ethnicity \| newspaper=ABC News \| date=16 June 2022 }}</ref> However in 2024 the ABS decided against collecting data on ethnicity.<ref>{{cite news \| url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-04-25/abs-census-ethnicity-ancestry-australia-population-data/103638672 \| title=The ABS has changed its mind about ethnicity in the next census. Here's what the experts say \| newspaper=ABC News \| date=24 April 2024 }}</ref> ~~==Immigration and country of birth==~~ ~~{{Main\|Immigration to Australia\|Foreign-born population of Australia}}~~ ~~[[File:Australian and foreign born population pyramid in 2021.svg\|thumb\|Australian and foreign born population pyramid in 2021\|249x249px]]~~ In 2019, 30% of the Australian resident population, or 7,529,570 people, were born overseas.<ref name="Country of Birth">{{cite web\|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/log?openagent&34120do005_201819.xls&3412.0&Data%20Cubes&B95CDCBDF3B53509CA25855700002DC2&0&2018-19&28.04.2020&Latest\|title=Table 5.1 Estimated resident population, by country of birth(a), Australia, as at 30 June, 1996 to 2019(b)(c)\|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics\|access-date=4 May 2020}}</ref> Australia's population has quadrupled since the end of World War I,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3105.0.65.0012006?OpenDocument \|title=3105.0.65.001—Australian Historical Population Statistics, 2006 \|access-date=18 September 2007 \|date=23 May 2006 \|format=[[Microsoft Excel\|XLS]] \|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] \|quote=Australian population: (1919) 5,080,912; (2006) 20,209,993 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070908212308/http://abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs%40.nsf/DetailsPage/3105.0.65.0012006?OpenDocument \|archive-date= 8 September 2007 \|url-status=live \|df=dmy}}</ref> much of this increase from [[Immigration to Australia\|immigration]]. Australia has the world's [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population\|eighth-largest]] immigrant population, with immigrants accounting for 30% of the population, a higher proportion than in any other nation with a population of over 10 million.<ref name="Country of Birth"/><ref>United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, (2015). 'International Migration' in International migrant stock 2015. Accessed from [https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimatesmaps.shtml?1t1 International migrant stock 2015: maps] on 24 May 2017</ref> Most immigrants are skilled,<ref name="immig">{{cite web \|url=http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/20planning.htm \|title=Fact Sheet 20 – Migration Program Planning Levels \|access-date=17 June 2010 \|date=11 August 2009 \|publisher=Department of Immigration and Citizenship \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507054151/http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/20planning.htm \|archive-date=7 May 2010 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> but the immigration quota includes categories for family members and [[refugee]]s.<ref name="immig"/> The following table shows Australia's population by country of birth as estimated by the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] in 2023. It shows only countries or regions or birth with a population of over 100,000 residing in Australia. ~~{\| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:right"~~ \|- ! scope="col" colspan="2" \| Source: [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] (2023)<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/migration-australia/2019-20/34120DO005_201920.xls\|title=Table 5.1 Estimated resident population, by country of birth(a), Australia, as at 30 June, 1996 to 2023(b)(c)\|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics\|access-date=3 November 2023}}</ref> \|- ~~! scope="col" \| Place of birth~~ ~~! scope="col" \| Estimated resident population{{efn-ua\|Only countries with 100,000 or more are listed here.}}~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| ''Total [[Australia\|Australian-born]]''~~ ~~\| ''18,473,240''~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| ''Total [[immigration to Australia\|foreign-born]]''~~ ~~\| ''8,175,640''~~ \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|England}} [[English Australians\|England]]{{efn-ua\|name=uk\|The Australian Bureau of Statistics source lists England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland separately although they are all part of the [[United Kingdom]]. These should not be combined as they are not combined in the source.}} ~~\| 961,570~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|India}} [[Indian Australians\|India]]~~ ~~\| 845,800~~ \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|China}} [[Chinese Australians\|China]]{{efn-ua\|name=cn\|In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, [[Mainland China]], [[Taiwan]] and the Special Administrative Regions of [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] are listed separately.}} ~~\| 655,760~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|New Zealand}} [[New Zealand Australians\|New Zealand]]~~ ~~\| 598,090~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Philippines}} [[Filipino Australians\|Philippines]]~~ ~~\| 361,860~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Vietnam}} [[Vietnamese Australians\|Vietnam]]~~ ~~\| 298,960~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|South Africa}} [[South African Australians\|South Africa]]~~ ~~\| 214,790~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Malaysia}} [[Malaysian Australians\|Malaysia]]~~ ~~\| 180,470~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Italy}} [[Italian Australians\|Italy]]~~ ~~\| 158,990~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Nepal}} [[Nepalese Australians\|Nepal]]~~ ~~\| 179,050~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Sri Lanka}} [[Sri Lankan Australians\|Sri Lanka]]~~ ~~\| 158,290~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Scotland}} [[Scottish Australians\|Scotland]]{{efn-ua\|name=uk}}~~ ~~\| 124,820~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Pakistan}} [[Pakistani Australians\|Pakistan]]~~ ~~\| 120,440~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Hong Kong}} [[Hong Kong Australians\|Hong Kong]]{{efn-ua\|name=cn}}~~ ~~\| 119,680~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|South Korea}} [[Korean Australians\|South Korea]]~~ ~~\| 115,360~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|United States}} [[American Australians\|United States]]~~ ~~\| 114,260~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Thailand}} [[Thai Australians\|Thailand]]~~ ~~\| 109,980~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Indonesia}} [[Indonesian Australians\|Indonesia]]~~ ~~\| 109,170~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Iraq}} [[Iraqi Australians\|Iraq]]~~ ~~\| 106,830~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Germany}} [[German Australians\|Germany]]~~ ~~\| 104,460~~ \|} ~~{{notelist-ua}}~~ As of 2020, 29.8% of Australia's population was born overseas and 76% as of 2016 had European ancestry. The percentage of Australians with European backgrounds has been declining since the 1960s and 1970s, which is around the time the White Australia policy was abolished. ~~===Australia migration data, 2013-present===~~ ~~{\| class="wikitable"~~ \|- ~~! Date !! Immigration ('000) !! Emigration ('000) !! Net Migration ('000)~~ \|- ~~\| Jun-2013 \|\| 482.09 \|\| -251.76 \|\| 230.33~~ \|- ~~\| Sep-2013 \|\| 484.31 \|\| -263.10 \|\| 221.21~~ \|- ~~\| Dec-2013 \|\| 478.68 \|\| -270.31 \|\| 208.38~~ \|- ~~\| Mar-2014 \|\| 472.63 \|\| -270.44 \|\| 202.19~~ \|- ~~\| Jun-2014 \|\| 464.68 \|\| -276.90 \|\| 187.78~~ \|- ~~\| Sep-2014 \|\| 459.84 \|\| -276.11 \|\| 183.74~~ \|- ~~\| Dec-2014 \|\| 458.76 \|\| -276.41 \|\| 182.35~~ \|- ~~\| Mar-2015 \|\| 460.64 \|\| -279.56 \|\| 181.08~~ \|- ~~\| Jun-2015 \|\| 465.25 \|\| -281.22 \|\| 184.03~~ \|- ~~\| Sep-2015 \|\| 469.39 \|\| -285.16 \|\| 184.23~~ \|- ~~\| Dec-2015 \|\| 473.25 \|\| -286.52 \|\| 186.73~~ \|- ~~\| Mar-2016 \|\| 481.33 \|\| -285.35 \|\| 195.98~~ \|- ~~\| Jun-2016 \|\| 489.28 \|\| -283.04 \|\| 206.23~~ \|- ~~\| Sep-2016 \|\| 507.11 \|\| -277.60 \|\| 229.51~~ \|- ~~\| Dec-2016 \|\| 519.65 \|\| -275.82 \|\| 243.83~~ \|- ~~\| Mar-2017 \|\| 536.66 \|\| -277.08 \|\| 259.59~~ \|- ~~\| Jun-2017 \|\| 540.15 \|\| -276.80 \|\| 263.35~~ \|- ~~\| Sep-2017 \|\| 540.06 \|\| -280.64 \|\| 259.43~~ \|- ~~\| Dec-2017 \|\| 531.37 \|\| -289.71 \|\| 241.66~~ \|- ~~\| Mar-2018 \|\| 527.23 \|\| -289.23 \|\| 238.00~~ \|- ~~\| Jun-2018 \|\| 527.52 \|\| -289.30 \|\| 238.22~~ \|- ~~\| Sep-2018 \|\| 530.94 \|\| -288.62 \|\| 242.32~~ \|- ~~\| Dec-2018 \|\| 534.40 \|\| -282.18 \|\| 252.22~~ \|- ~~\| Mar-2019 \|\| 536.60 \|\| -285.93 \|\| 250.67~~ \|- ~~\| Jun-2019 \|\| 550.40 \|\| -309.06 \|\| 241.34~~ \|- ~~\| Sep-2019 \|\| 566.35 \|\| -324.32 \|\| 242.04~~ \|- ~~\| Dec-2019 \|\| 607.87 \|\| -360.25 \|\| 247.62~~ \|- ~~\| Mar-2020 \|\| 618.36 \|\| -379.11 \|\| 239.25~~ \|- ~~\| Jun-2020 \|\| 506.85 \|\| -314.16 \|\| 192.70~~ \|- ~~\| Sep-2020 \|\| 361.95 \|\| -286.34 \|\| 75.61~~ \|- ~~\| Dec-2020 \|\| 235.35 \|\| -240.32 \|\| -4.97~~ \|- ~~\| Mar-2021 \|\| 113.00 \|\| -207.34 \|\| -94.34~~ \|- ~~\| Jun-2021 \|\| 146.00 \|\| -230.93 \|\| -84.94~~ \|- ~~\| Sep-2021 \|\| 162.49 \|\| -218.63 \|\| -56.14~~ \|- ~~\| Dec-2021 \|\| 216.11 \|\| -209.24 \|\| 6.87~~ \|- ~~\| Mar-2022 \|\| 336.24 \|\| -208.35 \|\| 127.89~~ \|- ~~\| Jun-2022 \|\| 426.73 \|\| -223.14 \|\| 203.59~~ \|- ~~\| Sep-2022 \|\| 571.41 \|\| -229.93 \|\| 341.48~~ \|- ~~\| Dec-2022 \|\| 646.11 \|\| -223.88 \|\| 422.23~~ \|- ~~\| Mar-2023 \|\| 694.61 \|\| -221.53 \|\| 473.08~~ \|- ~~\| Jun-2023 \|\| 737.17 \|\| -219.08 \|\| 518.09~~ \|} ~~==Religion==~~ {{Pie chart\|thumb=right\|caption=Religion in Australia as declared in the 2021 census<ref name="auto">{{cite web\|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2021/AUS/download/GCP_AUS.xlsx\|format=XLSX\|title=Australian Bureau of Statistics : 2021 Census of Population and Housing : General Community Profile\|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics\|access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref> ~~\| label1 = [[Christianity]]~~ ~~\| value1 = 43.9~~ ~~\| color1 = DarkBlue~~ ~~\| label2 = [[Irreligion in Australia\|No religion]]~~ ~~\| value2 = 38.9~~ ~~\| color2 = Beige~~ ~~\| label3 = [[Islam in Australia\|Islam]]~~ ~~\| value3 = 3.2~~ ~~\| color3 = Green~~ ~~\| label4 = [[Hinduism in Australia\|Hinduism]]~~ ~~\| value4 = 2.7~~ ~~\| color4 = DarkOrange~~ ~~\| label5 = [[Buddhism in Australia\|Buddhism]]~~ ~~\| value5 = 2.4~~ ~~\| color5 = Gold~~ ~~\| label6 = [[Sikhism in Australia\|Sikhism]]~~ ~~\| value6 = 0.8~~ ~~\| color6 = Red~~ ~~\| label7 = Other religions~~ ~~\| value7 = 0.9~~ ~~\| color7 = Brown~~ ~~\| label8 = Not stated or unclear~~ ~~\| value8 = 7.2~~ ~~\| color8 = LightGrey~~ }} At the 2021 Census, 38.9% of the population identified as having [[Irreligion in Australia\|"no religion"]],<ref name=":02"/> up from 15.5% in 2001.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2001/0 \| title=2001 Australia, Census All persons QuickStats \| Australian Bureau of Statistics }}</ref> The largest religion is [[Christianity]] (43.9% of the population).<ref name=":02"/> The largest Christian denominations are the [[Catholic Church in Australia\|Roman Catholic Church]] (20% of the population) and the [[Anglican Church of Australia]] (9.8%). Multicultural immigration since the [[Second World War]] has led to the growth of non-Christian religions, the largest of which are [[Islam]] (3.2%), [[Hinduism]] (2.7%), [[Buddhism]] (2.4%), [[Sikhism]] (0.8%), and [[Judaism]] (0.4%).<ref name=":02"/> ~~The [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] 2001 Census Dictionary statement on religious affiliation states the purpose for gathering such information:~~ {{blockquote\|Data on religious affiliation are used for such purposes as planning educational facilities, aged persons' care and other social services provided by religion-based organisations; the location of church buildings; the assigning of chaplains to hospitals, prisons, armed services and universities; the allocation of time on public radio and other media; and sociological research.}} Historically, [[Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology]] was the prevalent belief system in Australia until around 1840, when European Australians first outnumbered indigenous Australians. For a period, in the 19th and 20th centuries, Australia was majority [[Protestant]] with a large Catholic minority.<ref name="pettersson">{{cite book\|last1=Pettersson\|first1=Thorleif\|last2=Esmer\|first2=Yilmaz R.\|title=Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change\|date=2008\|publisher=Brill\|page=21\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SdhvC4RUDe0C&q=australia+historically+protestant&pg=PA21\|isbn=978-9004162341}}</ref><ref name="auspolifacts">{{cite book\|title=Australian Political Facts\|date=1990\|publisher=Longman Chesire\|page=122\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ro-6AAAAIAAJ&q=australia+historically+protestant\|isbn=9780582712584}}</ref> Catholics first outnumbered Anglicans in the 1986 census.<ref>Australian Bureau of Statistics, "[https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/2f762f95845417aeca25706c00834efa/10072ec3ffc4f7b4ca2570ec00787c40!OpenDocument Special Feature: Trends in religious affiliation]", 4102.0 - Australian Social Trends, 1994</ref> As a result of this history, while Australia has no official religion and "no religion" constitutes the largest group by religious identification, the various governments of Australia refer to the [[Christian God]] in their ceremonies, as do the various Australian Courts.<ref name="ReligionInAustralia">{{cite web\|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Religion%20Data%20Summary~70\|title=Religion in Australia, 2016\|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]\|date=28 June 2017\|access-date=31 January 2018}}</ref> As in many Western countries, the level of active participation in religious services is lower than would be indicated by the proportion of the population identifying themselves as affiliated with a religion; weekly attendance at Christian church services is about 1.5 million, or about 7.5% of the population.<ref>{{cite web\|title=NCLS releases latest estimates of church attendance\|url=http://www.ncls.org.au/default.aspx?docid=2250&track=82083\|work=NCLS Research\|access-date=24 April 2013\|format=Media release\|date=28 February 2012}}</ref> Christian charitable organisations, hospitals and schools play a prominent role in welfare and education services. The [[:Category:Catholic schools in Australia\|Catholic education system]] is the second biggest sector after government schools, with more than 795,000 students (and around 20 per cent of all secondary school enrolments).<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/education/schools/latest-release#students \| title=Schools, 2022 \| Australian Bureau of Statistics \| date=15 February 2023 }}</ref> ~~{\| class="wikitable sortable"~~ ~~\|+ Religious affiliation in Australia~~ \|- ~~! rowspan="2" \| Religion !! colspan="2" \| 2006 !! colspan="2" \| 2011 !! colspan="2" \| 2016 !! colspan="2" \| 2021~~ \|- ~~! ('000) !! (%) !! ('000) !! (%) !! ('000) !! (%) !! ('000) !! (%)~~ \|- \| Christian \|\| align="right" \| 12,685 \|\| align="right" \| 63.9 \|\| align="right" \| 13,149.3 \|\| align="right" \| 61.1 \|\| align="right" \| 12,201.6 \|\| align="right" \| 52.1 \|\| align="right" \| 11,148.8 \|\| align="right" \| 43.9 \|- \| No religion \|\| align="right" \| 3,706.8 \|\| align="right" \| 18.7 \|\| align="right" \| 4,804.6 \|\| align="right" \| 22.3 \|\| align="right" \| 7,040.7 \|\| align="right" \| 30.1 \|\| align="right" \| 9,887.0 \|\| align="right" \| 38.9 \|- ~~\| Islam \|\| align="right" \| 340.4 \|\| align="right" \| 1.7 \|\| align="right" \| 476.3 \|\| align="right" \| 2.2 \|\| align="right" \| 604.2 \|\| align="right" \| 2.6 \|\| align="right" \| 813.4 \|\| align="right" \| 3.2~~ \|- \| Buddhism \|\| align="right" \| 418.8 \|\| align="right" \| 2.1 \|\| align="right" \| 529.0 \|\| align="right" \| 2.5 \|\| align="right" \| 563.7 \|\| align="right" \| 2.4 \|\| align="right" \| 615.8 \|\| align="right" \| 2.4 \|- ~~\| Hinduism \|\| align="right" \| - \|\| align="right" \| - \|\| align="right" \| 275.5 \|\| align="right" \| 1.3 \|\| align="right" \| 440.3 \|\| align="right" \| 1.9 \|\| align="right" \| 684.0 \|\| align="right" \| 2.7~~ \|- ~~\| Sikhism \|\| align="right" \| - \|\| align="right" \| - \|\| align="right" \| 72.3 \|\| align="right" \| 0.3 \|\| align="right" \| 125.9 \|\| align="right" \| 0.5 \|\| align="right" \| 210.4 \|\| align="right" \| 0.8~~ \|- ~~\| Other \|\| align="right" \| 133.8 \|\| align="right" \| 0.5 \|\| align="right" \| 193.2 \|\| align="right" \| 0.9 \|\| align="right" \| 186.7 \|\| align="right" \| 0.8 \|\| align="right" \| 215.0 \|\| align="right" \| 0.8~~ \|- \| Not stated \|\| align="right" \| 224.0 \|\| align="right" \| 11.2 \|\| align="right" \| 235.8 \|\| align="right" \| 1.1 \|\| align="right" \| 237.8 \|\| align="right" \| 1.0 \|\| align="right" \| 237.4 \|\| align="right" \| 1.0 \|- \| Total population ('000) \|\| align="right" \| 21,507.7 \|\| align="right" \| - \|\| align="right" \| 21,507.7 \|\| align="right" \| - \|\| align="right" \| 23,401.9 \|\| align="right" \| - \|\| align="right" \| 25,422.8 \|\| align="right" \| - \|} ~~==Language==~~ ~~[[File:Rate in which the English language is spoken at home in Australia - 2016.png\|thumb\|341x341px\|Percentage of people who speak the English language at home in 2016]]~~ ~~The vast majority of Australians speak English at home, with the exception of some Aboriginal Australians and first-generation immigrants.~~ Although Australia has no official language, English has always been the ''[[de facto]]'' national language and the only common tongue.<ref name=language>{{cite web\|url=http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/multicultural/confer/04/speech18b.htm \|title=Pluralist Nations: Pluralist Language Policies? \|work=1995 Global Cultural Diversity Conference Proceedings, Sydney \|publisher=[[Department of Immigration and Citizenship]] \|access-date=11 January 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220020910/http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/multicultural/confer/04/speech18b.htm \|archive-date=20 December 2008 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy\|quote=English has no de jure status, but is so entrenched as the common language that it is de facto the official language as well as the national language.}}</ref> [[Australian English]] is a major variety of the language, with a distinctive accent and lexicon,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.nma.gov.au/libraries/attachments/exhibitions/vocabulary_of_australian_english/files/5471/Vocabulary%20of%20Australian%20English.pdf \|title=The Vocabulary Of Australian English \|last=Moore \|first=Bruce \|publisher=National Museum of Australia \|access-date=5 April 2010 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320004658/http://www.nma.gov.au/libraries/attachments/exhibitions/vocabulary_of_australian_english/files/5471/Vocabulary%20of%20Australian%20English.pdf \|archive-date=20 March 2011 \|df=dmy}}</ref> and differs slightly from other varieties of English in grammar and spelling.<ref name="Fourth Edition 2005">"The Macquarie Dictionary", Fourth Edition. The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd, 2005.</ref> [[General Australian]] serves as the standard variety. At the 2021 census English was the only language spoken in the homes of 72% of the population. The next most common languages spoken at home are [[Mandarin Chinese]] (2.7%), [[Arabic language\|Arabic]] (1.4%), [[Vietnamese language\|Vietnamese]] (1.3%), [[Cantonese]] (1.2%), and [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]] (0.9%).<ref name="auto1"/> Considerable proportions of first- and second-generation immigrants are bilingual. Over 250 [[Indigenous Australian languages]] are thought to have existed at the time of first European contact; fewer than 20 are still in daily use by all age groups.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2011/08/a-mission-to-save-indigenous-languages/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224075354/http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2011/08/a-mission-to-save-indigenous-languages/\|archive-date=24 December 2013\|title=A mission to save indigenous languages\|date=19 August 2011 \|publisher=Australian Geographic\|access-date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=nilsr/> About 110 others are spoken exclusively by older people.<ref name=nilsr>{{cite web\|url=http://arts.gov.au/sites/default/files/pdfs/nils-report-2005.pdf \|title=National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005 \|publisher=Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts \|access-date=5 September 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709141342/http://www.arts.gov.au/indigenous/national_indigenous_languages_survey_report_2005 \|archive-date=9 July 2009 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy }}</ref> At the time of the 2006 census, 52,000 Indigenous Australians, representing 12% of the Indigenous population, reported that they spoke an Indigenous language at home.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4713.0 \|title=4713.0 – Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2006 \|work=Australian Bureau of Statistics \|date=4 May 2010 \|location=Canberra \|access-date=7 December 2010}}</ref> Australia has its own [[sign language]], [[Auslan]]. It is the main language of about 5,500 deaf people.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action=404&documentproductno=0&documenttype=Details&order=1&tabname=Details&areacode=0&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=POTLD&&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Language%20Spoken%20at%20Home%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&topic=Language& \|title=20680-Language Spoken at Home (full classification list) by Sex – Australia \|last=Australian Bureau of Statistics \|date=27 June 2007 \|work=2006 Census Tables : Australia \|location=Canberra \|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics \|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703074714/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action=404&documentproductno=0&documenttype=Details&order=1&tabname=Details&areacode=0&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=POTLD&&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Language%20Spoken%20at%20Home%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&topic=Language&\|archive-date=3 July 2009\|access-date=7 December 2010}}</ref> ~~==Indigenous population==~~ [[File:Australian Census 2011 demographic map - Australia by SLA - BCP field 0054 Indigenous Persons Total Persons.svg\|thumb\|right\|Indigenous Australians as a percentage of the population as of the {{CensusAU\|2011}}]] ~~{{Main\|Indigenous Australians}}~~ The earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of [[indigenous Australians]] to the continent of Australia places this [[human migration]] to at least 40,000 years ago.<ref name="University of Wollongong">{{cite web\|url=http://media.uow.edu.au/news/2004/0917a/index.html\|title=When did Australia's earliest inhabitants arrive?\|publisher=[[University of Wollongong]]\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090621020107/http://media.uow.edu.au/news/2004/0917a/index.html\|archive-date=21 June 2009\|date=17 September 2004\|access-date=3 January 2009}}</ref> Dutch navigators landed on the coasts of modern Western Australia and Queensland several times during the 17th century. Captain [[James Cook]] wrote that he claimed the east coast for [[Kingdom of Great Britain\|Great Britain]] in 1770 while standing on [[Possession Island (Queensland)\|Possession Island]] off the west coast of [[Cape York Peninsula]]. The west coast was later settled by Britain also. At that time, the indigenous population was estimated to have numbered between as few as 315,000 and as many as 1,100,000,<ref name=ABS2008YBindigenous>{{cite web\|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/bb8db737e2af84b8ca2571780015701e/68AE74ED632E17A6CA2573D200110075?opendocument\|title=Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Population\|work=1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2008\|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]\|date=7 February 2008\|access-date=3 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Williams \|first1=Alan N. \|date=22 June 2013 \|title=A new population curve for prehistoric Australia \|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B \|volume=280 \|issue=1761 \|pages=1–9 \|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.0486 \|pmid=23615287 \|pmc=3652441 }}</ref> divided into many tribes speaking many different languages. In the {{CensusAU\|2011}}, 495,757 respondents declared they were [[Indigenous Australians\|Aboriginal]], 31,407 declared they were [[Torres Strait Islander]], and a further 21,206 declared they were both [[Indigenous Australians\|Aboriginal]] and [[Torres Strait Islanders]].<ref name="ABS2011">{{Census 2011 AUS\|id=0\|name=Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (Indigenous) Profile\|access-date=9 October 2013}}</ref> Today, most of Australia's Indigenous population live on the east coast of Australia, where almost 60% of Indigenous Australians live in [[New South Wales]] (208,476) and [[Queensland]] (188,954) which roughly represents 2–5% of those state's populations. The [[Northern Territory]] has an Indigenous population of 61,115, which represents 26.3% of the total Northern Territory population.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=2021 Northern Territory, Census All persons QuickStats \|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/7 \|access-date=Jan 12, 2024 \|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics }}</ref> ~~==States and territories==~~ ~~{{See also\|States and territories of Australia}}~~ ~~{\| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:right;"~~ \|- ~~! scope="col" rowspan=2 \| State/territory~~ ! scope="col" rowspan=2 \| Population<br />(June 2023 estimate)<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/latest-release \| title = National, state and territory population, June 2023 \|website= Australian Bureau of Statistics\| date = December 14, 2023 }}</ref> ~~! scope="col" colspan=2 \| Land area~~ ~~! scope="col" colspan=2 \| Population density~~ ~~! rowspan="2" \|% of total~~ ~~national~~ ~~population~~ ~~! rowspan="2" scope="col" \| % of<br />population<br />living in capital~~ ~~! scope="col" rowspan=2 \| Notes~~ \|- ~~! scope="col" \| [[Square kilometre\|km²]]~~ ~~! scope="col" \| [[Square mile\|mi²]]~~ ~~! scope="col" \| per km²~~ ~~! scope="col" \| per mi²~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|New South Wales}} \|\| 8,339,300 \|\| {{convert\|800642\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|8.64\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|0\|disp=table}}~~ ~~\|32%\|\| 63% \|\| <ref>{{Census 2016 AUS\|id=1\|name=New South Wales\|access-date=2 July 2017\|quick=on}}</ref>~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|Victoria}} \|\| 6,812,500 \|\| {{convert\|227416\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|23.54\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|0\|disp=table}}~~ ~~\|26%\|\| 71% \|\| <ref>{{Census 2016 AUS\|id=2\|name=Victoria\|access-date=2 July 2017\|quick=on}}</ref>~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|Queensland}} \|\| 5,459,400 \|\| {{convert\|1730648\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|2.50\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|0\|disp=table}}~~ ~~\|20%\|\| 46% \|\| <ref>{{Census 2016 AUS\|id=3\|name=Queensland\|access-date=2 July 2017\|quick=on}}</ref>~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|Western Australia}} \|\| 2,878,600 \|\| {{convert\|2239170\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|0.89\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|0\|disp=table}}~~ ~~\|10%\|\| 73.4% \|\|<ref>{{Census 2011 AUS\|id=5\|name=Western Australia\|access-date=12 February 2013\|quick=on}}</ref>~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|South Australia}} \|\| 1,851,700 \|\| {{convert\|983482\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|1.62\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|0\|disp=table}}~~ ~~\|7%\|\| 73.5% \|\| <ref>{{Census 2016 AUS\|id=4\|name=South Australia\|access-date=2 July 2017\|quick=on}}</ref>~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|Tasmania}} \|\| 572,800 \|\| {{convert\|68401\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|7.24\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|0\|disp=table}}~~ ~~\|2%\|\| 41% \|\| <ref>{{Census 2016 AUS\|id=6\|name=Tasmania\|access-date=2 July 2017\|quick=on}}</ref>~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|Australian Capital Territory}} \|\| 466,800 \|\| {{convert\|2358\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|151.49\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|0\|disp=table}}~~ ~~\|2%\|\| 100% \|\| <ref>{{Census 2016 AUS\|id=8\|name=Australian Capital Territory\|access-date=2 July 2017\|quick=on}}</ref>~~ \|- ~~\| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|Northern Territory}} \|\| 252,500 \|\| {{convert\|1349129\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|0.16\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|1\|disp=table}}~~ ~~\|1%\|\| 54% \|\| <ref>{{Census 2016 AUS\|id=7\|name=Northern Territory\|access-date=2 July 2017\|quick=on}}</ref>~~ \|} ==Historical population== Line 751 ⟶ 410: \|} ~~===Vital statistics since 1900===~~ === Life expectancy at birth from 1921 to 2015 === [[File:Life expectancy in Australia.svg\|thumb\|300px\|[[Life expectancy]] in Australia since 1885]] Sources: [[Our World In Data]] and the [[United Nations]]. {\| class="wikitable" \|+1921–1949 ! rowspan=2 {{vert header\|1920s}} ! !1921 !1922 !1923 !1924 !1925 !1926 !1927 !1928 !1929 \|- \| \|61.0 \|62.9 \|61.7 \|62.5 \|63.2 \|62.9 \|62.8 \|62.9 \|63.1 \|- style="border-top:2px solid gray" ! rowspan=2 {{vert header\|1930s}} !1930 !1931 !1932 !1933 !1934 !1935 !1936 !1937 !1938 !1939 \|- \|64.9 \|65.3 \|65.6 \|65.4 \|64.8 \|65.1 \|65.2 \|65.8 \|65.8 \|65.8 \|- style="border-top:2px solid gray" ! rowspan=2 {{vert header\|1940s}} !1940 !1941 !1942 !1943 !1944 !1945 !1946 !1947 !1948 !1949 \|- \|66.2 \|66.1 \|65.9 \|66.4 \|68.0 \|68.5 \|68.0 \|68.6 \|68.5 \|69.1 \|} Source: ''Our World in Data''<ref name="ourworldindata.org1">{{Cite web\|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy?year=1810\|title=Life expectancy\|website=Our World in Data\|access-date=28 August 2018}}</ref> [[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Australia -diff.png\|thumb\|300px\|Life expectancy in Australia since 1960 by gender]] {\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" \|+1950–2015 !Period !Life expectancy in<br />Years !Period !Life expectancy in<br />Years \|- \|1950–1955 \|69.4 \|1985–1990 \|76.2 \|- \|1955–1960 \|70.4 \|1990–1995 \|77.7 \|- \|1960–1965 \|70.9 \|1995–2000 \|78.8 \|- \|1965–1970 \|70.8 \|2000–2005 \|80.3 \|- \|1970–1975 \|71.8 \|2005–2010 \|81.5 \|- \|1975–1980 \|73.6 \|2010–2015 \|82.3 \|- \|1980–1985 \|75.1 \| \| \|} Source: ''UN World Population Prospects''<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/\|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations\|year=2019\|publisher=United Nations, Population Division\|access-date=10 July 2019}}</ref> ==Vital statistics== ===Statistics since 1900=== Source:<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ined.fr/en/everything_about_population/data/online-databases/developed-countries-database/\|title=Developed countries database\|work=ined.fr\|access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref> Line 757 ⟶ 540: \|- ! scope="col" \| ! scope="col" style="width:70pt;"\|Average population ({{refn\|group="N"\|June 1 from 1900-2016, ~~form~~since 2017 Dec 31)}} ! scope="col" style="width:70pt;"\|Live births ! scope="col" style="width:70pt;"\|Deaths Line 1,668 ⟶ 1,451: \| \|- \| scope="row" \| 1975 <ref>[https://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/free.nsf/0/8DFF9A3223E8C7DCCA2576EF0012911F/$File/31010_12_1980.pdf www.abs.gov.au; Australian Demographic Statistics Quarterly, Dec 1980; visited September 17 2023]</ref> \| 13,771,400 \| 239,794 Line 2,213 ⟶ 1,996: \|161,400 \|133,000 ~~\|style="color: red"~~\| 11.5 \|style="color: blue"\|6.3 \|5.2 \| 1.5 \| 1.59 ~~\| style="text-align:right; color:red;"\|1.59~~ \| 3,300 \|- Line 2,246 ⟶ 2,029: \| scope="row" \| 2023 \| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"\| 26,966,789 \| ~~287~~286,~~100~~998 \| 183,~~100~~131 \| ~~104~~103,~~000~~867 \| style="color: red"\|10.8 \| 6.9 \|style="color: red"\|3.9 \| 21.1 \| style="text-align:right; color:red;"\| 1.50 \| \| style="text-align:right; color:blue"\| 547,300 \|- \|} ===Current vital statistics=== <ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population\|title=National, state and territory population \|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> {\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" Line 2,267 ⟶ 2,053: ! Natural increase \|- \| '''January - ~~September~~June ~~2022~~2023''' \| ~~228~~144,~~759~~000 \| ~~146~~90,~~865~~400 \| +8153,~~894~~600 \|- \| '''January - ~~September~~June ~~2023~~2024''' \| ~~220~~148,~~727~~100 \| ~~138~~91,~~876~~200 \| +8156,~~851~~900 \|- \| '''Difference''' \| {{~~decrease~~increase}} -8+4,~~032~~100 (-3+2.5185%) \| {{~~decreasepositive~~increasenegative}} ~~-7,989~~+800 (-5+0.4488%) \| {{~~decrease~~increase}} ~~-43~~+3,300 \|} ===Total fertility rates by state or territory === ~~[https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/sep-2022/310101.xlsx]~~ {\| class="wikitable sortable" \|+ 2023<ref>{{Cite web \|date=16 October 2024 \|title=Births, Australia, 2023 {{!}} Australian Bureau of Statistics \|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/births-australia/latest-release#states-and-territories \|access-date= \|website=www.abs.gov.au \|language=en}}</ref> In 2012, the [[total fertility rate]] of Australian-born women was 1.94, while for overseas-born women, it was 1.81,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/DD0EB1EEBA48CEDCCA257D110012C61A/$File/33010do009_2012.xls\|title=3301.0 Births, Australia, 2012 \|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics \|format=XL file \|access-date=19 December 2014 \|date=11 July 2014}}</ref> while in 2013, it was 1.91 and 1.79 respectively.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/31E21E8274A61F6ECA257D79001053B9/$File/33010do009_2013.xls\|title=3301.0 Births, Australia, 2013 \|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics\|format=XL file\|access-date=19 December 2014 \|date=23 October 2014}}</ref> !State/Territory ~~In 2017, TFR was 1.68 for overseas women (overseas father 1.73) and 1.78 for native women (native father 1.69).~~ !TFR \|- \|{{flag\|Western Australia}}\|\|1.57 \|- \|{{flag\|Northern Territory}}\|\|1.55 \|- \|{{flag\|New South Wales}}\|\|1.55 \|- \|{{flag\|Queensland}}\|\|1.54 \|- \|{{flag\|Tasmania}}\|\|1.51 \|- \|'''{{flag\|Australia}}'''\|\|'''1.50''' \|- \|{{flag\|South Australia}}\|\|1.50 \|- \|{{flag\|Victoria}}\|\|1.39 \|- \|{{flag\|Australian Capital Territory}}\|\|1.31 \|} ===Structure of the population=== {{Hidden begin \|title= Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 09.VIII.2016) (These data have been randomly rounded to protect confidentiality. Individual figures may not add up to totals, and values for the same data may vary in different tables.): <ref>{{Cite web \|title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics \|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics \|access-date=2023-05-10 \|website=unstats.un.org}}</ref> \|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35; }} Line 2,461 ⟶ 2,267: {{Hidden end}} ==Cities== ~~=== Life expectancy at birth from 1921 to 2015 ===~~ ~~[[File:Life~~{{Main\|List ~~expectancy~~of cities in Australia~~.svg~~ by population\|~~thumb\|300px\|[[Life~~List ~~expectancy]]~~of cities in Australia ~~since 1885]]~~}} Australia contains five cities (including their suburbs) that consist of over one million people. Most of Australia's population live close to coastlines.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/beach/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226144234/http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/beach/ \|archive-date=26 February 2010 \|title=The Beach \|work=Australian Government: Culture Portal \|publisher=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Commonwealth of Australia \|date=17 March 2008 }}</ref> ~~Sources: [[Our World In Data]] and the [[United Nations]].~~ {{Largest cities of Australia}}{{Clear}} ==Ancestry== {{main\|Australians}} The earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of humans to the continent of Australia places this [[human migration]] to at least 65,000 years ago,<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Weule \|first1=Genelle \|author2=Felicity James \|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2017-07-20/aboriginal-shelter-pushes-human-history-back-to-65,000-years/8719314 \|title=Indigenous rock shelter in Top End pushes Australia's human history back to 65,000 years \|journal=Nature \|volume=547 \|issue=7663 \|pages=306–310 \|doi=10.1038/nature22968 \|pmid=28726833 \|publisher=Abc.net.au \|date=20 July 2017 \|access-date=27 September 2017\|hdl=2440/107043 \|s2cid=205257212 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> most probably from the islands of [[Indonesia]] and [[New Guinea]].<ref name="University of Wollongong"/> Captain [[James Cook]] claimed the east coast for [[Kingdom of Great Britain\|Great Britain]] in 1770; the west coast was later settled by Britain also. At that time, the indigenous population was estimated to have been between 315,000 and 750,000,<ref name="ABS2008YBindigenous"/> divided into as many as 500 tribes speaking many different languages. Between 1788 and the [[Second World War]], the vast majority of settlers and immigrants came from the [[Anglo-Celtic Australians\|British Isles]] (principally [[English Australians\|England]], [[Irish Australians\|Ireland]] and [[Scottish Australians\|Scotland]]), although there was significant immigration from [[Chinese Australians\|China]] and [[German Australians\|Germany]] during the 19th century. In the decades immediately following the Second World War, Australia received a [[Post-war immigration to Australia\|large wave of immigration]] from across [[European Australians\|Europe]], with many more immigrants arriving from [[Southern Europe\|Southern]] and [[Eastern Europe]] than in previous decades. Since the end of the [[White Australia policy]] in 1973, Australia has pursued an official policy of [[multiculturalism]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.immi.gov.au/facts/06evolution.htm\|title=The Evolution of Australia's Multicultural Policy\|access-date=18 September 2007\|year=2005\|publisher=Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060219130703/http://www.immi.gov.au/facts/06evolution.htm\|archive-date=19 February 2006}}</ref> and there has been a [[Immigration to Australia\|large and continuing wave]] of immigration from across the world, with [[Asian Australians\|Asia]] being the largest source of immigrants in the 21st century.<ref name="homeaffairs.gov.au">{{cite web\|url=https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-migration-program-2018-19.pdf\|title=2018-19 Migration Program Report\|website=Department of Home Affairs\|date=30 June 2019}}</ref> The [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] no longer collects data on [[race (human categorization)\|race]], but does ask each Australian resident to nominate up to two [[ancestry\|ancestries]] each [[Census in Australia\|census]].<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/detailed-methodology-information/information-papers/understanding-and-using-ancestry-data \| title=Understanding and using Ancestry data \| Australian Bureau of Statistics \| date=28 June 2022 }}</ref> These ancestry responses are classified into broad standardised ancestry groups.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/classifications/australian-standard-classification-cultural-and-ethnic-groups-ascceg/latest-release \| title=Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG), 2019 \| Australian Bureau of Statistics \| date=18 December 2019 }}</ref> In the 2021 census, the most commonly nominated individual ancestries as a proportion of the total population were:<ref name=":02">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2021/AUS/download/GCP_AUS.xlsx\|title=2021 Census Community Profiles: Australia}}</ref> <!-- Only ancestries with >1% are listed. --> {{columns-list\|colwidth=12em\| * [[English Australian\|English]] (33%) * [[Australian ancestry\|Australian]] (29.9%) * [[Irish Australian\|Irish]] (9.5%) * [[Scottish Australian\|Scottish]] (8.6%) * [[Chinese Australian\|Chinese]] (5.5%) * [[Italian Australian\|Italian]] (4.4%) * [[German Australian\|German]] (4%) * [[Indian Australian\|Indian]] (3.1%) * [[Aboriginal Australians\|Aboriginal]] (2.9%){{refn\|group="N"\|Those who nominated their ancestry as "Australian Aboriginal". Does not include [[Torres Strait Islanders]]. This relates to nomination of ancestry and is distinct from persons who identify as Indigenous (Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander) which is a separate question.}} * [[Greek Australian\|Greek]] (1.7%) * [[Filipino Australian\|Filipino]] (1.6%) * [[Dutch Australian\|Dutch]] (1.5%) * [[Vietnamese Australian\|Vietnamese]] (1.3%) * [[Lebanese Australian\|Lebanese]] (1%) * [[Polish Australian\|Polish]] (0.8%) }} At the 2021 census, 3.2% of the Australian population identified as being [[Indigenous Australians\|Indigenous]] — [[Aboriginal Australians]] and [[Torres Strait Islanders]].{{refn\|group="N"\|Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.}}<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/AUS\|title=2021 Australia, Census All persons QuickStats \|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics }}</ref> In 2020, 7.5% of births were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander persons up from 5.7% in 2010; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander fertility rates have stayed above replacement levels even as the nation's has declined rapidly.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Births, Australia \|date=12 August 2021 \|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/births-australia/latest-release \|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> Although the ABS does not collect data on race and ethnic background, various studies have put together results of the census to determine the ethnic composition of Australia, the [[Australian Human Rights Commission]] has estimated the European population at 76% of the Australian population in 2016,<ref>{{Cite web \|date=April 2018 \|title=Leading for Change A blueprint for cultural diversity and inclusive leadership revisited \|url=https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/Leading%20for%20Change_Blueprint2018_FINAL_Web.pdf \|access-date=2023-06-26 \|website=humanrights.gov.au}}</ref> while a media diversity study put it at 72% in 2021, the non-European proportion was 21% and 23% respectively, and the [[Aboriginal Australian]] population at 3% in both.<ref>{{Cite web \|last1=Groutsis \|first1=Dimitria \|last2=Martin \|first2=Lee \|last3=Lattouf \|first3=Antoinette \|last4=Soutphommasane \|first4=TIm \|last5=Lumby \|first5=Catharine \|last6=Young \|first6=Nareen \|last7=Crawford \|first7=Joanne \|last8=Robertson \|first8=Adam \|date=2022 \|title=Who Gets to Tell Australian Stories? \|url=https://www.mediadiversityaustralia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Who-Gets-to-Tell-Australian-Stories_2.0_FINAL_pdf.pdf \|access-date=2023-06-26 \|website=mediadiversityaustralia.org}}</ref> Immigration minister [[Andrew Giles]] had pledged to incorporate a question on ethnicity into the [[2026 Australian census]].<ref>{{cite news \| url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-06-16/federal-government-to-measure-ethnicity-data-multiculturalism/101158038 \| title='If you're not counted, you don't know that you exist': Federal government to collect data on Australians' ethnicity \| newspaper=ABC News \| date=16 June 2022 }}</ref> However in 2024 the ABS decided against collecting data on ethnicity.<ref>{{cite news \| url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-04-25/abs-census-ethnicity-ancestry-australia-population-data/103638672 \| title=The ABS has changed its mind about ethnicity in the next census. Here's what the experts say \| newspaper=ABC News \| date=24 April 2024 }}</ref> ==Immigration and country of birth== {{Main\|Immigration to Australia\|Foreign-born population of Australia}} [[File:Australian and foreign born population pyramid in 2021.svg\|thumb\|Australian and foreign born population pyramid in 2021\|249x249px]] In 2019, 30% of the Australian resident population, or 7,529,570 people, were born overseas.<ref name="Country of Birth">{{cite web\|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/log?openagent&34120do005_201819.xls&3412.0&Data%20Cubes&B95CDCBDF3B53509CA25855700002DC2&0&2018-19&28.04.2020&Latest\|title=Table 5.1 Estimated resident population, by country of birth(a), Australia, as at 30 June, 1996 to 2019(b)(c)\|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics\|access-date=4 May 2020}}</ref> Australia's population has quadrupled since the end of World War I,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3105.0.65.0012006?OpenDocument \|title=3105.0.65.001—Australian Historical Population Statistics, 2006 \|access-date=18 September 2007 \|date=23 May 2006 \|format=[[Microsoft Excel\|XLS]] \|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] \|quote=Australian population: (1919) 5,080,912; (2006) 20,209,993 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070908212308/http://abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs%40.nsf/DetailsPage/3105.0.65.0012006?OpenDocument \|archive-date= 8 September 2007 \|url-status=live \|df=dmy}}</ref> much of this increase from [[Immigration to Australia\|immigration]]. Australia has the world's [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population\|eighth-largest]] immigrant population, with immigrants accounting for 30% of the population, a higher proportion than in any other nation with a population of over 10 million.<ref name="Country of Birth"/><ref>United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, (2015). 'International Migration' in International migrant stock 2015. Accessed from [https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimatesmaps.shtml?1t1 International migrant stock 2015: maps] on 24 May 2017</ref> Most immigrants are skilled,<ref name="immig">{{cite web \|url=http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/20planning.htm \|title=Fact Sheet 20 – Migration Program Planning Levels \|access-date=17 June 2010 \|date=11 August 2009 \|publisher=Department of Immigration and Citizenship \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507054151/http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/20planning.htm \|archive-date=7 May 2010 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> but the immigration quota includes categories for family members and [[refugee]]s.<ref name="immig"/> The following table shows Australia's population by country of birth as estimated by the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] in 2023. It shows only countries or regions or birth with a population of over 100,000 residing in Australia. {\| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:right" \|- ! scope="col" colspan="2" \| Source: [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] (2023)<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/migration-australia/2019-20/34120DO005_201920.xls\|title=Table 5.1 Estimated resident population, by country of birth(a), Australia, as at 30 June, 1996 to 2023(b)(c)\|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics\|access-date=3 November 2023}}</ref> \|- ! scope="col" \| Place of birth ! scope="col" \| Estimated resident population{{efn-ua\|Only countries with 100,000 or more are listed here.}} \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| ''Total [[Australia\|Australian-born]]'' \| ''18,473,240'' \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| ''Total [[immigration to Australia\|foreign-born]]'' \| ''8,175,640'' \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|England}} [[English Australians\|England]]{{efn-ua\|name=uk\|The Australian Bureau of Statistics source lists England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland separately although they are all part of the [[United Kingdom]]. These should not be combined as they are not combined in the source.}} \| 961,570 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|India}} [[Indian Australians\|India]] \| 845,800 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|China}} [[Chinese Australians\|China]]{{efn-ua\|name=cn\|In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, [[Mainland China]], [[Taiwan]] and the Special Administrative Regions of [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] are listed separately.}} \| 655,760 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|New Zealand}} [[New Zealand Australians\|New Zealand]] \| 598,090 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Philippines}} [[Filipino Australians\|Philippines]] \| 361,860 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Vietnam}} [[Vietnamese Australians\|Vietnam]] \| 298,960 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|South Africa}} [[South African Australians\|South Africa]] \| 214,790 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Malaysia}} [[Malaysian Australians\|Malaysia]] \| 180,470 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Italy}} [[Italian Australians\|Italy]] \| 158,990 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Nepal}} [[Nepalese Australians\|Nepal]] \| 179,050 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Scotland}} [[Scottish Australians\|Scotland]] \| 167,180 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Sri Lanka}} [[Sri Lankan Australians\|Sri Lanka]] \| 158,290 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Pakistan}} [[Pakistani Australians\|Pakistan]] \| 120,440 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Hong Kong}} [[Hong Kong Australians\|Hong Kong]]{{efn-ua\|name=cn}} \| 119,680 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|South Korea}} [[Korean Australians\|South Korea]] \| 115,360 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|United States}} [[American Australians\|United States]] \| 114,260 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Thailand}} [[Thai Australians\|Thailand]] \| 109,980 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Indonesia}} [[Indonesian Australians\|Indonesia]] \| 109,170 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Iraq}} [[Iraqi Australians\|Iraq]] \| 106,830 \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flagicon\|Germany}} [[German Australians\|Germany]] \| 104,460 \|} {{notelist-ua}} As of 2020, 29.8% of Australia's population was born overseas and 76% as of 2016 had European ancestry. The percentage of Australians with European backgrounds has been declining since the 1960s and 1970s, which is around the time the White Australia policy was abolished. ===Australia migration data, 2013-present=== {\| class="wikitable" ~~\|+1921–1949~~ ~~! rowspan=2 {{vert header\|1920s}}~~ ! ~~!1921~~ ~~!1922~~ ~~!1923~~ ~~!1924~~ ~~!1925~~ ~~!1926~~ ~~!1927~~ ~~!1928~~ ~~!1929~~ \|- ! Date !! Immigration ('000) !! Emigration ('000) !! Net Migration ('000) \| ~~\|61.0~~ ~~\|62.9~~ ~~\|61.7~~ ~~\|62.5~~ ~~\|63.2~~ ~~\|62.9~~ ~~\|62.8~~ ~~\|62.9~~ ~~\|63.1~~ ~~\|- style="border-top:2px solid gray"~~ ~~! rowspan=2 {{vert header\|1930s}}~~ ~~!1930~~ ~~!1931~~ ~~!1932~~ ~~!1933~~ ~~!1934~~ ~~!1935~~ ~~!1936~~ ~~!1937~~ ~~!1938~~ ~~!1939~~ \|- \| Jun-2013 \|\| 482.09 \|\| -251.76 \|\| 230.33 ~~\|64.9~~ ~~\|65.3~~ ~~\|65.6~~ ~~\|65.4~~ ~~\|64.8~~ ~~\|65.1~~ ~~\|65.2~~ ~~\|65.8~~ ~~\|65.8~~ ~~\|65.8~~ ~~\|- style="border-top:2px solid gray"~~ ~~! rowspan=2 {{vert header\|1940s}}~~ ~~!1940~~ ~~!1941~~ ~~!1942~~ ~~!1943~~ ~~!1944~~ ~~!1945~~ ~~!1946~~ ~~!1947~~ ~~!1948~~ ~~!1949~~ \|- \| Sep-2013 \|\| 484.31 \|\| -263.10 \|\| 221.21 ~~\|66.2~~ \|- ~~\|66.1~~ \| Dec-2013 \|\| 478.68 \|\| -270.31 \|\| 208.38 ~~\|65.9~~ \|- ~~\|66.4~~ \| Mar-2014 \|\| 472.63 \|\| -270.44 \|\| 202.19 ~~\|68.0~~ \|- ~~\|68.5~~ \| Jun-2014 \|\| 464.68 \|\| -276.90 \|\| 187.78 ~~\|68.0~~ \|- ~~\|68.6~~ \| Sep-2014 \|\| 459.84 \|\| -276.11 \|\| 183.74 ~~\|68.5~~ \|- ~~\|69.1~~ \| Dec-2014 \|\| 458.76 \|\| -276.41 \|\| 182.35 \|- \| Mar-2015 \|\| 460.64 \|\| -279.56 \|\| 181.08 \|- \| Jun-2015 \|\| 465.25 \|\| -281.22 \|\| 184.03 \|- \| Sep-2015 \|\| 469.39 \|\| -285.16 \|\| 184.23 \|- \| Dec-2015 \|\| 473.25 \|\| -286.52 \|\| 186.73 \|- \| Mar-2016 \|\| 481.33 \|\| -285.35 \|\| 195.98 \|- \| Jun-2016 \|\| 489.28 \|\| -283.04 \|\| 206.23 \|- \| Sep-2016 \|\| 507.11 \|\| -277.60 \|\| 229.51 \|- \| Dec-2016 \|\| 519.65 \|\| -275.82 \|\| 243.83 \|- \| Mar-2017 \|\| 536.66 \|\| -277.08 \|\| 259.59 \|- \| Jun-2017 \|\| 540.15 \|\| -276.80 \|\| 263.35 \|- \| Sep-2017 \|\| 540.06 \|\| -280.64 \|\| 259.43 \|- \| Dec-2017 \|\| 531.37 \|\| -289.71 \|\| 241.66 \|- \| Mar-2018 \|\| 527.23 \|\| -289.23 \|\| 238.00 \|- \| Jun-2018 \|\| 527.52 \|\| -289.30 \|\| 238.22 \|- \| Sep-2018 \|\| 530.94 \|\| -288.62 \|\| 242.32 \|- \| Dec-2018 \|\| 534.40 \|\| -282.18 \|\| 252.22 \|- \| Mar-2019 \|\| 536.60 \|\| -285.93 \|\| 250.67 \|- \| Jun-2019 \|\| 550.40 \|\| -309.06 \|\| 241.34 \|- \| Sep-2019 \|\| 566.35 \|\| -324.32 \|\| 242.04 \|- \| Dec-2019 \|\| 607.87 \|\| -360.25 \|\| 247.62 \|- \| Mar-2020 \|\| 618.36 \|\| -379.11 \|\| 239.25 \|- \| Jun-2020 \|\| 506.85 \|\| -314.16 \|\| 192.70 \|- \| Sep-2020 \|\| 361.95 \|\| -286.34 \|\| 75.61 \|- \| Dec-2020 \|\| 235.35 \|\| -240.32 \|\| -4.97 \|- \| Mar-2021 \|\| 113.00 \|\| -207.34 \|\| -94.34 \|- \| Jun-2021 \|\| 146.00 \|\| -230.93 \|\| -84.94 \|- \| Sep-2021 \|\| 162.49 \|\| -218.63 \|\| -56.14 \|- \| Dec-2021 \|\| 216.11 \|\| -209.24 \|\| 6.87 \|- \| Mar-2022 \|\| 336.24 \|\| -208.35 \|\| 127.89 \|- \| Jun-2022 \|\| 426.73 \|\| -223.14 \|\| 203.59 \|- \| Sep-2022 \|\| 571.41 \|\| -229.93 \|\| 341.48 \|- \| Dec-2022 \|\| 646.11 \|\| -223.88 \|\| 422.23 \|- \| Mar-2023 \|\| 694.61 \|\| -221.53 \|\| 473.08 \|- \| Jun-2023 \|\| 737.17 \|\| -219.08 \|\| 518.09 \|- \| Dec-2023 \|\| 740.90 \|\| -205.91 \|\| 534.99 \|- \| Mar-2024 \|\| 714.16 \|\| -211.19 \|\| 502.97 \|- \| Jun-2024 \|\| 666.81 \|\| -221.17 \|\| 445.64 \|} Source: ''Our World in Data''<ref name="ourworldindata.org1">{{Cite web\|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy?year=1810\|title=Life expectancy\|website=Our World in Data\|access-date=28 August 2018}}</ref> ~~[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Australia -diff.png\|thumb\|300px\|Life expectancy in Australia since 1960 by gender]]~~ ==Religion== ~~{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"~~ {{Main\|Religion in Australia}} ~~\|+1950–2015~~ {{Pie chart\|thumb=right\|caption=Religion in Australia as declared in the 2021 census<ref name="auto">{{cite web\|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2021/AUS/download/GCP_AUS.xlsx\|format=XLSX\|title=Australian Bureau of Statistics : 2021 Census of Population and Housing : General Community Profile\|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics\|access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref> ~~!Period~~ \| label1 = [[Christianity]] ~~!Life expectancy in<br />Years~~ \| value1 = 43.9 ~~!Period~~ \| color1 = DarkBlue ~~!Life expectancy in<br />Years~~ \| label2 = [[Irreligion in Australia\|No religion]] \| value2 = 38.9 \| color2 = Beige \| label3 = [[Islam in Australia\|Islam]] \| value3 = 3.2 \| color3 = Green \| label4 = [[Hinduism in Australia\|Hinduism]] \| value4 = 2.7 \| color4 = DarkOrange \| label5 = [[Buddhism in Australia\|Buddhism]] \| value5 = 2.4 \| color5 = Gold \| label6 = [[Sikhism in Australia\|Sikhism]] \| value6 = 0.8 \| color6 = Red \| label7 = Other religions \| value7 = 0.9 \| color7 = Brown \| label8 = Not stated or unclear \| value8 = 7.2 \| color8 = LightGrey }} At the 2021 Census, 38.9% of the population identified as having [[Irreligion in Australia\|"no religion"]],<ref name=":02"/> up from 15.5% in 2001.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2001/0 \| title=2001 Australia, Census All persons QuickStats \| Australian Bureau of Statistics }}</ref> The largest religion is [[Christianity]] (43.9% of the population).<ref name=":02"/> The largest Christian denominations are the [[Catholic Church in Australia\|Roman Catholic Church]] (20% of the population) and the [[Anglican Church of Australia]] (9.8%). Multicultural immigration since the [[Second World War]] has led to the growth of non-Christian religions, the largest of which are [[Islam]] (3.2%), [[Hinduism]] (2.7%), [[Buddhism]] (2.4%), [[Sikhism]] (0.8%), and [[Judaism]] (0.4%).<ref name=":02"/> The [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] 2001 Census Dictionary statement on religious affiliation states the purpose for gathering such information: {{blockquote\|Data on religious affiliation are used for such purposes as planning educational facilities, aged persons' care and other social services provided by religion-based organisations; the location of church buildings; the assigning of chaplains to hospitals, prisons, armed services and universities; the allocation of time on public radio and other media; and sociological research.}} Historically, [[Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology]] was the prevalent belief system in Australia until around 1840, when European Australians first outnumbered indigenous Australians. For a period, in the 19th and 20th centuries, Australia was majority [[Protestant]] with a large Catholic minority.<ref name="pettersson">{{cite book\|last1=Pettersson\|first1=Thorleif\|last2=Esmer\|first2=Yilmaz R.\|title=Changing Values, Persisting Cultures: Case Studies in Value Change\|date=2008\|publisher=Brill\|page=21\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SdhvC4RUDe0C&q=australia+historically+protestant&pg=PA21\|isbn=978-9004162341}}</ref><ref name="auspolifacts">{{cite book\|title=Australian Political Facts\|date=1990\|publisher=Longman Chesire\|page=122\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ro-6AAAAIAAJ&q=australia+historically+protestant\|isbn=9780582712584}}</ref> Catholics first outnumbered Anglicans in the 1986 census.<ref>Australian Bureau of Statistics, "[https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/2f762f95845417aeca25706c00834efa/10072ec3ffc4f7b4ca2570ec00787c40!OpenDocument Special Feature: Trends in religious affiliation]", 4102.0 - Australian Social Trends, 1994</ref> As a result of this history, while Australia has no official religion and "no religion" constitutes the largest group by religious identification, the various governments of Australia refer to the [[Christian God]] in their ceremonies, as do the various Australian Courts.<ref name="ReligionInAustralia">{{cite web\|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Religion%20Data%20Summary~70\|title=Religion in Australia, 2016\|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]\|date=28 June 2017\|access-date=31 January 2018}}</ref> In all censuses since 1991, the percentage of Christians has been steadily decreasing, while the percentage of non-religious has been increasing.<ref>{{Cite news \|date=27 June 2022 \|title=Churches are increasingly empty as more Australians spurn religion \|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-06-28/census-2021-data-shows-a-changed-australia/101177152 \|access-date=1 October 2024 \|work=ABC News \|language=en-AU}}</ref> As in many Western countries, the level of active participation in religious services is lower than would be indicated by the proportion of the population identifying themselves as affiliated with a religion; weekly attendance at Christian church services is about 1.5 million, or about 7.5% of the population.<ref>{{cite web\|title=NCLS releases latest estimates of church attendance\|url=http://www.ncls.org.au/default.aspx?docid=2250&track=82083\|work=NCLS Research\|access-date=24 April 2013\|format=Media release\|date=28 February 2012}}</ref> Christian charitable organisations, hospitals and schools play a prominent role in welfare and education services. The [[:Category:Catholic schools in Australia\|Catholic education system]] is the second biggest sector after government schools, with more than 795,000 students (and around 20 per cent of all secondary school enrolments).<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/education/schools/latest-release#students \| title=Schools, 2022 \| Australian Bureau of Statistics \| date=15 February 2023 }}</ref> {\| class="wikitable sortable" \|+ Religious affiliation in Australia \|- ! rowspan="2" \| Religion !! colspan="2" \| 2006 !! colspan="2" \| 2011 !! colspan="2" \| 2016 !! colspan="2" \| 2021 ~~\|1950–1955~~ ~~\|69.4~~ ~~\|1985–1990~~ ~~\|76.2~~ \|- ! ('000) !! (%) !! ('000) !! (%) !! ('000) !! (%) !! ('000) !! (%) ~~\|1955–1960~~ ~~\|70.4~~ ~~\|1990–1995~~ ~~\|77.7~~ \|- \| Christian \|\| align="right" \| 12,685 \|\| align="right" \| 63.9 \|\| align="right" \| 13,149.3 \|\| align="right" \| 61.1 \|\| align="right" \| 12,201.6 \|\| align="right" \| 52.1 \|\| align="right" \| 11,148.8 \|\| align="right" \| 43.9 ~~\|1960–1965~~ ~~\|70.9~~ ~~\|1995–2000~~ ~~\|78.8~~ \|- \| No religion \|\| align="right" \| 3,706.8 \|\| align="right" \| 18.7 \|\| align="right" \| 4,804.6 \|\| align="right" \| 22.3 \|\| align="right" \| 7,040.7 \|\| align="right" \| 30.1 \|\| align="right" \| 9,887.0 \|\| align="right" \| 38.9 ~~\|1965–1970~~ ~~\|70.8~~ ~~\|2000–2005~~ ~~\|80.3~~ \|- \| Islam \|\| align="right" \| 340.4 \|\| align="right" \| 1.7 \|\| align="right" \| 476.3 \|\| align="right" \| 2.2 \|\| align="right" \| 604.2 \|\| align="right" \| 2.6 \|\| align="right" \| 813.4 \|\| align="right" \| 3.2 ~~\|1970–1975~~ ~~\|71.8~~ ~~\|2005–2010~~ ~~\|81.5~~ \|- \| Buddhism \|\| align="right" \| 418.8 \|\| align="right" \| 2.1 \|\| align="right" \| 529.0 \|\| align="right" \| 2.5 \|\| align="right" \| 563.7 \|\| align="right" \| 2.4 \|\| align="right" \| 615.8 \|\| align="right" \| 2.4 ~~\|1975–1980~~ ~~\|73.6~~ ~~\|2010–2015~~ ~~\|82.3~~ \|- \| Hinduism \|\| align="right" \| - \|\| align="right" \| - \|\| align="right" \| 275.5 \|\| align="right" \| 1.3 \|\| align="right" \| 440.3 \|\| align="right" \| 1.9 \|\| align="right" \| 684.0 \|\| align="right" \| 2.7 ~~\|1980–1985~~ \|- ~~\|75.1~~ \| Sikhism \|\| align="right" \| - \|\| align="right" \| - \|\| align="right" \| 72.3 \|\| align="right" \| 0.3 \|\| align="right" \| 125.9 \|\| align="right" \| 0.5 \|\| align="right" \| 210.4 \|\| align="right" \| 0.8 \| \|- \| Other \|\| align="right" \| 133.8 \|\| align="right" \| 0.5 \|\| align="right" \| 193.2 \|\| align="right" \| 0.9 \|\| align="right" \| 186.7 \|\| align="right" \| 0.8 \|\| align="right" \| 215.0 \|\| align="right" \| 0.8 \|- \| Not stated \|\| align="right" \| 224.0 \|\| align="right" \| 11.2 \|\| align="right" \| 235.8 \|\| align="right" \| 1.1 \|\| align="right" \| 237.8 \|\| align="right" \| 1.0 \|\| align="right" \| 237.4 \|\| align="right" \| 1.0 \|- \| Total population ('000) \|\| align="right" \| 21,507.7 \|\| align="right" \| - \|\| align="right" \| 21,507.7 \|\| align="right" \| - \|\| align="right" \| 23,401.9 \|\| align="right" \| - \|\| align="right" \| 25,422.8 \|\| align="right" \| - \|} ==Language== {{Main\|Languages of Australia}} [[File:Rate in which the English language is spoken at home in Australia - 2016.png\|thumb\|341x341px\|Percentage of people who speak the English language at home in 2016]] The vast majority of Australians speak English at home, with the exception of some Aboriginal Australians and first-generation immigrants. Although Australia has no official language, English has always been the ''[[de facto]]'' national language and the only common tongue.<ref name=language>{{cite web\|url=http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/multicultural/confer/04/speech18b.htm \|title=Pluralist Nations: Pluralist Language Policies? \|work=1995 Global Cultural Diversity Conference Proceedings, Sydney \|publisher=[[Department of Immigration and Citizenship]] \|access-date=11 January 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220020910/http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/multicultural/confer/04/speech18b.htm \|archive-date=20 December 2008 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy\|quote=English has no de jure status, but is so entrenched as the common language that it is de facto the official language as well as the national language.}}</ref> [[Australian English]] is a major variety of the language, with a distinctive accent and lexicon,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.nma.gov.au/libraries/attachments/exhibitions/vocabulary_of_australian_english/files/5471/Vocabulary%20of%20Australian%20English.pdf \|title=The Vocabulary Of Australian English \|last=Moore \|first=Bruce \|publisher=National Museum of Australia \|access-date=5 April 2010 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320004658/http://www.nma.gov.au/libraries/attachments/exhibitions/vocabulary_of_australian_english/files/5471/Vocabulary%20of%20Australian%20English.pdf \|archive-date=20 March 2011 \|df=dmy}}</ref> and differs slightly from other varieties of English in grammar and spelling.<ref name="Fourth Edition 2005">"The Macquarie Dictionary", Fourth Edition. The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd, 2005.</ref> [[General Australian]] serves as the standard variety. At the 2021 census English was the only language spoken in the homes of 72% of the population. The next most common languages spoken at home are [[Mandarin Chinese]] (2.7%), [[Arabic language\|Arabic]] (1.4%), [[Vietnamese language\|Vietnamese]] (1.3%), and [[Cantonese]] (1.2%).<ref name="auto1"/> Considerable proportions of first- and second-generation immigrants are bilingual. Over 250 [[Indigenous Australian languages]] are thought to have existed at the time of first European contact; fewer than 20 are still in daily use by all age groups.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2011/08/a-mission-to-save-indigenous-languages/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224075354/http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2011/08/a-mission-to-save-indigenous-languages/\|archive-date=24 December 2013\|title=A mission to save indigenous languages\|date=19 August 2011 \|publisher=Australian Geographic\|access-date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=nilsr/> About 110 others are spoken exclusively by older people.<ref name=nilsr>{{cite web\|url=http://arts.gov.au/sites/default/files/pdfs/nils-report-2005.pdf \|title=National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005 \|publisher=Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts \|access-date=5 September 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709141342/http://www.arts.gov.au/indigenous/national_indigenous_languages_survey_report_2005 \|archive-date=9 July 2009 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy }}</ref> At the time of the 2006 census, 52,000 Indigenous Australians, representing 12% of the Indigenous population, reported that they spoke an Indigenous language at home.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4713.0 \|title=4713.0 – Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2006 \|work=Australian Bureau of Statistics \|date=4 May 2010 \|location=Canberra \|access-date=7 December 2010}}</ref> Australia has its own [[sign language]], [[Auslan]]. The Australian Bureau of Statistics included Auslan as an option for the first time in the 2021 census when asking which language was used at home.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Australia's 2021 Census is the most accessible yet for deaf and vision-impaired people \|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/australias-2021-census-is-the-most-accessible-yet-for-deaf-and-vision-impaired-people/ge6x05wwd \|access-date=1 October 2024 \|website=SBS News \|language=en}}</ref><ref name="auslan">{{Cite web \|last= \|first= \|date=29 June 2022 \|title=16,000 people use Auslan: Census 2021 \|url=https://www.deafnessforum.org.au/census-2021-16000-people-use-auslan/ \|access-date=1 October 2024 \|website=Deafness Forum Australia \|language=}}</ref> According to the census, it is the main language of about 16,000 deaf people.<ref name="auslan"></ref> ==Indigenous population== [[File:Australian Census 2011 demographic map - Australia by SLA - BCP field 0054 Indigenous Persons Total Persons.svg\|thumb\|right\|Indigenous Australians as a percentage of the population as of the {{CensusAU\|2011}}]] {{Main\|Indigenous Australians}} The earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of [[indigenous Australians]] to the continent of Australia places this [[human migration]] to at least 40,000 years ago.<ref name="University of Wollongong">{{cite web\|url=http://media.uow.edu.au/news/2004/0917a/index.html\|title=When did Australia's earliest inhabitants arrive?\|publisher=[[University of Wollongong]]\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090621020107/http://media.uow.edu.au/news/2004/0917a/index.html\|archive-date=21 June 2009\|date=17 September 2004\|access-date=3 January 2009}}</ref> Dutch navigators landed on the coasts of modern Western Australia and Queensland several times during the 17th century. Captain [[James Cook]] wrote that he claimed the east coast for [[Kingdom of Great Britain\|Great Britain]] in 1770 while standing on [[Possession Island (Queensland)\|Possession Island]] off the west coast of [[Cape York Peninsula]]. The west coast was later settled by Britain also. At that time, the indigenous population was estimated to have numbered between as few as 315,000 and as many as 1,100,000,<ref name=ABS2008YBindigenous>{{cite web\|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/bb8db737e2af84b8ca2571780015701e/68AE74ED632E17A6CA2573D200110075?opendocument\|title=Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Population\|work=1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2008\|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]\|date=7 February 2008\|access-date=3 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Williams \|first1=Alan N. \|date=22 June 2013 \|title=A new population curve for prehistoric Australia \|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B \|volume=280 \|issue=1761 \|pages=1–9 \|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.0486 \|pmid=23615287 \|pmc=3652441 }}</ref> divided into many tribes speaking many different languages. In the {{CensusAU\|2011}}, 495,757 respondents declared they were [[Indigenous Australians\|Aboriginal]], 31,407 declared they were [[Torres Strait Islander]], and a further 21,206 declared they were both [[Indigenous Australians\|Aboriginal]] and [[Torres Strait Islanders]].<ref name="ABS2011">{{Census 2011 AUS\|id=0\|name=Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (Indigenous) Profile\|access-date=9 October 2013}}</ref> Today, most of Australia's Indigenous population live on the east coast of Australia, where almost 60% of Indigenous Australians live in [[New South Wales]] (208,476) and [[Queensland]] (188,954) which roughly represents 2–5% of those state's populations. The [[Northern Territory]] has an Indigenous population of 61,115, which represents 26.3% of the total Northern Territory population.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=2021 Northern Territory, Census All persons QuickStats \|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/7 \|access-date=Jan 12, 2024 \|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics }}</ref> ==States and territories== {{See also\|States and territories of Australia}} {\| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:right;" \|- ! scope="col" rowspan=2 \| State/territory ! scope="col" rowspan=2 \| Population<br />(June 2023 estimate)<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/latest-release \| title = National, state and territory population, June 2023 \|website= Australian Bureau of Statistics\| date = December 14, 2023 }}</ref> ! scope="col" colspan=2 \| Land area ! scope="col" colspan=2 \| Population density ! rowspan="2" \|% of total national population ! rowspan="2" scope="col" \| % of<br />population<br />living in capital ! scope="col" rowspan=2 \| Notes \|- ! scope="col" \| [[Square kilometre\|km²]] ! scope="col" \| [[Square mile\|mi²]] ! scope="col" \| per km² ! scope="col" \| per mi² \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|New South Wales}} \|\| 8,339,300 \|\| {{convert\|800642\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|8.64\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|0\|disp=table}} \|32%\|\| 63% \|\| <ref>{{Census 2016 AUS\|id=1\|name=New South Wales\|access-date=2 July 2017\|quick=on}}</ref> \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|Victoria}} \|\| 6,812,500 \|\| {{convert\|227416\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|23.54\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|0\|disp=table}} \|26%\|\| 71% \|\| <ref>{{Census 2016 AUS\|id=2\|name=Victoria\|access-date=2 July 2017\|quick=on}}</ref> \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|Queensland}} \|\| 5,459,400 \|\| {{convert\|1730648\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|2.50\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|0\|disp=table}} \|20%\|\| 46% \|\| <ref>{{Census 2016 AUS\|id=3\|name=Queensland\|access-date=2 July 2017\|quick=on}}</ref> \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|Western Australia}} \|\| 2,878,600 \|\| {{convert\|2239170\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|0.89\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|0\|disp=table}} \|10%\|\| 73.4% \|\|<ref>{{Census 2011 AUS\|id=5\|name=Western Australia\|access-date=12 February 2013\|quick=on}}</ref> \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|South Australia}} \|\| 1,851,700 \|\| {{convert\|983482\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|1.62\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|0\|disp=table}} \|7%\|\| 73.5% \|\| <ref>{{Census 2016 AUS\|id=4\|name=South Australia\|access-date=2 July 2017\|quick=on}}</ref> \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|Tasmania}} \|\| 572,800 \|\| {{convert\|68401\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|7.24\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|0\|disp=table}} \|2%\|\| 41% \|\| <ref>{{Census 2016 AUS\|id=6\|name=Tasmania\|access-date=2 July 2017\|quick=on}}</ref> \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|Australian Capital Territory}} \|\| 466,800 \|\| {{convert\|2358\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|151.49\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|0\|disp=table}} \|2%\|\| 100% \|\| <ref>{{Census 2016 AUS\|id=8\|name=Australian Capital Territory\|access-date=2 July 2017\|quick=on}}</ref> \|- \| scope="row" style="text-align:left;"\| {{flag\|Northern Territory}} \|\| 252,500 \|\| {{convert\|1349129\|km2\|0\|disp=table}} \|\| {{convert\|0.16\|PD/km2\|PD/sqmi\|1\|disp=table}} \|1%\|\| 54% \|\| <ref>{{Census 2016 AUS\|id=7\|name=Northern Territory\|access-date=2 July 2017\|quick=on}}</ref> \|} Source: ''UN World Population Prospects''<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/\|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations\|year=2019\|publisher=United Nations, Population Division\|access-date=10 July 2019}}</ref> ==Other general demographic statistics== Line 2,694 ⟶ 2,728: :female: 23 years (2016) ===Unemployment, ~~youth ages 15–24~~rate=== :total: 124.61%. ~~Country comparison to the world: 105th~~ :male: 134.71% :female: 114.50% ~~(2017 est.)~~ :youth unemployment: 9.4% (2024 est.)<ref>{{Cite web \|date=19 September 2024 \|title= ABS Labour Force Results – January 2024 \|url= https://www.jobsandskills.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-02/ABS%20Labour%20Force%20Results%20-%20January%202024.pdf \|access-date=2 October 2024 \|website=jobsandskills.gov.au \|language=en}}</ref> ===Incarceration and punishment=== Line 2,763 ⟶ 2,798: * [https://archive.today/20150220095949/http://itbulk.org/population/population-projection-by-country/ Build Australian population projection graph till 2100 (United Nation data)] * [https://archive.today/20150404121433/http://itbulk.org/population/life-expectancy-by-country/ Build Australian life expectancy at birth graph 1950 – 2013 (United Nation data)] * [https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument Australia's population clock] {{Oceania topic\|Demographics of}}