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{{Short description|French military slogan}}
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
[[File:On Ne Passe Pas 1918.jpg|thumb|{{lang|fr|On ne passe pas!}}. The 1918 French propaganda poster by
"'''They shall not pass'''" ({{
==Origin==
[[File:On ne passe pas-1915.jpg|thumb|{{lang|fr|Halte la! On ne passe pas!}}<br />French card, 1915]]
The widespread use of the slogan originates from the 1916 [[Battle of Verdun]] in the [[First World War]] when [[French Army|French]] General [[Robert Nivelle]] urged his troops not to let the enemy pass.<ref name=DK>{{cite book | title=Battles that Changed History: Epic Conflicts Explored and Explained | date=September 2018 | isbn= 978-0241301937 | publisher=[[DK (publisher)|DK]] | author-link=Tony Robinson | first=Tony | last=Robinson | page=197}}</ref> The simplified slogan of "they shall not pass" appeared on French war propaganda posters, most notably by French artist {{ill|Maurice Neumont|fr}} in the last year of the war after the Allied victory at the [[Second Battle of the Marne]].<ref name=DK/>▼
▲The widespread use of the slogan originates from the 1916 [[Battle of Verdun]] in the [[First World War]] when [[French Army
Later during the First World War, the slogan was used by [[Romanians|Romanian]] soldiers during the [[Battle of Mărășești]], with the Romanian translation of the phrase being "{{lang|ro|Pe aici nu se trece}}", translating as "One does not pass through here".▼
▲Later during the First World War, the slogan was also used by [[
The slogan was adopted on uniform badges by French units manning the [[Maginot Line]].▼
==Later use==
French socialist politician [[Léon Blum]] ([[French Section of the Workers' International|SFIO]]), in 1934, used this sentence "{{lang|fr|Ils ne passeront pas
It was also used during the [[Spanish Civil War]], this time at the [[siege of Madrid]] by [[Dolores Ibárruri|Dolores Ibárruri Gómez]] ("
▲French socialist politician [[Léon Blum]] ([[French Section of the Workers' International|SFIO]]), in 1934, used this sentence "{{lang|fr|Ils ne passeront pas !}}" against the [[6 February 1934 crisis|Ligue's demonstration of the 6 February]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=1936, le Front Populaire et des lendemains qui chantent|url=https://www.franceinter.fr/emissions/affaires-sensibles/affaires-sensibles-17-novembre-2020|access-date=2020-11-20|website=www.franceinter.fr|date=17 November 2020 |language=fr}}</ref> {{lang|fr|Ils}} ("they") designated the fascist protesters.
"{{lang|es|¡No pasarán!}}" was used by British anti-fascists during the October 1936 [[Battle of Cable Street]], and is still used in this context in some political circles. It was often accompanied by the words {{lang|es|
▲It was also used during the [[Spanish Civil War]], this time at the [[siege of Madrid]] by [[Dolores Ibárruri|Dolores Ibárruri Gómez]] ("la Pasionaria"), a member of the [[Communist Party of Spain]], in her famous "{{lang|es|No pasarán}}" speech on 18 July 1936.<ref name="Ibárruri">{{cite book | last1=Ibárruri | first1=D. | last2=Ibárruri | first2=I.D. | author3=Partido Comunista de España | title=They Shall Not Pass: The Autobiography of La Pasionaria | publisher=International Publishers | series=New world paperbacks | year=1966 | isbn=978-0-7178-0468-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j983FGkF1jEC | access-date=2020-06-22 | page=195}}</ref> The leader of the [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|Nationalist]] forces, [[Generalissimo|Generalísimo]] [[Francisco Franco]], upon gaining [[Madrid]], responded to this slogan by declaring "{{lang|es|Hemos pasado}}" ("We have passed").
▲The slogan was adopted on uniform badges by French units manning the [[Maginot Line]].{{cn|date=March 2024}}
▲"{{lang|es|¡No pasarán!}}" was used by British anti-fascists during the October 1936 [[Battle of Cable Street]], and is still used in this context in some political circles. It was often accompanied by the words {{lang|es|nosotros pasaremos}} (we will pass) to indicate that communists rather than fascists will be the ones to seize [[power (social and political)|state power]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Audrey Gillan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/sep/30/thefarright.past |title=Day the East End said ''No pasaran'' to Blackshirts |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2006-10-02 |access-date=2012-06-21 |location=London}}</ref>
The phrase was brought to the public consciousness again following action in December 1943 by [[French Canadians|French-Canadian]] officer [[Paul Triquet]] of the [[Royal 22nd Regiment|Royal 22<sup>e</sup> Regiment]]; his action included his use of Nivelle's phrase "to win a key objective at [[Ortona]], Italy, in the face of overwhelming German opposition."<ref>{{cite news |title=French Canadian Wins Victoria Cross |newspaper=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |date=March 6, 1944 |access-date=September 15, 2014 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19440304&id=lvouAAAAIBAJ&pg=4474,785365 }}</ref>
In the 1980s, the phrase {{lang|es|¡No pasarán!}} was a theme in the [[Central American crisis
In 2024, it has been adopted as motto by the [[155th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)]] as it has been trained and equipped by France.
==Gallery==
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[[Category:Communism]]
[[Category:English phrases]]
[[Category:Political catchphrases]]▼
[[Category:Slogans]]
[[Category:Battle cries]]
[[Category:Battle of Verdun]]
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▲[[Category:Political catchphrases]]
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