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{{About|the family of personal computers|3=Mac (disambiguation){{!}}Mac}}
{{Redirect|Macintosh|the original Macintosh|Macintosh 128K||Macintosh (disambiguation)||}}
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[[File:Macbook Air 15 inch - 2 (blurred).jpg|thumb|The [[MacBook Air]] is popular for its thin and light design, and its low price relative to the rest of the Mac lineup.]]
 
{{infobox computing device
'''Mac''', short for '''Macintosh''' (its official name until 1999), is a family of [[personal computer]]s designed and marketed by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]. The name Macintosh is a reference to a type of apple called [[McIntosh (apple)|McIntosh]]. The product lineup includes the [[MacBook Air]] and [[MacBook Pro]] laptops, and the [[iMac]], [[Mac Mini]], [[Mac Studio]], and [[Mac Pro]] desktops. Macs are sold with the [[macOS]] operating system.▼
| name = Mac
| logo = MacLogo.svg
| logo_size = 75px
| developer = [[Apple Inc.]]
| manufacturer = Apple Inc.
| type = [[Desktop computer]]s, [[all-in-one computer]]s, [[laptop computer]]s (current)
| release date = {{start date and age|1984|1|24}}
| cpu =
| related = [[Apple II]]<br />[[Apple Lisa]]<br />[[iPad]]
| os = [[macOS]]<br />[[Classic Mac OS|"Classic" Mac OS]] (formerly)
| marketing_target =
| image = Macbook Air 15 inch - 2 (blurred).jpg
| caption = The [[MacBook Air]], a popular laptop computer in the current Mac lineup.
| lifespan = 1984–present
| aka = Macintosh
| website = {{URL|https://www.apple.com/mac/}}
}}
▲'''Mac''', short for '''Macintosh''' (its official name until 1999), is a family of [[personal computer]]s designed and marketed by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] since 1984. The name is short for '''Macintosh''' is(its official name until 1999), a reference to a type of apple called [[McIntosh (apple)|McIntosh]]. The current product lineup includes the [[MacBook Air]] and [[MacBook Pro]] laptops, and the [[iMac]], [[Mac Mini]], [[Mac Studio]], and [[Mac Pro]] desktops. Macs are sold with theApple's [[Proprietary software|proprietary]] [[macOS]] [[operating system]], which is not licensed to other manufacturers and exclusively [[Pre-installed software|bundled]] with Mac computers.
 
[[Jef Raskin]] conceived the Macintosh project in 1979, which was usurped and redefined by Apple co-founder [[Steve Jobs]] in 1981. The original [[Macintosh 128K|Macintosh]] was launched in January 1984, after Apple's [[1984 (advertisement)|"1984" advertisement]] during [[Super Bowl XVIII]]. TheA systemseries hasof aincrementally 9-inchimproved monochromemodels monitorfollowed, andsharing 3the 1/2-inchsame integrated case design. In 1987, the [[floppyMacintosh driveII]] builtbrought intocolor thegraphics, casebut andpriced shippedas witha professional workstation and not a one-buttonpersonal mousecomputer. ABeginning in 1994 with the [[Power Macintosh]], the Mac transitioned from [[Motorola 68000 series]] ofprocessors incrementallyto improved[[PowerPC]]. models[[Macintosh followedclones]] by other manufacturers were also briefly sold afterwards. The line was refreshed in 1998 with the launch of [[iMac G3]], sharingreinvigorating the sameline's integratedcompetitiveness caseagainst designcommodity [[IBM PC compatible]]s. JobsMacs left[[Mac transition to Intel processors|transitioned]] to [[Intel]] [[x86]] processors by 2006 along with new sub-product lines [[MacBook]] and Mac Pro. Since 2020, Macs have [[Mac transition to Apple insilicon|transitioned]] 1985to [[Apple silicon]] chips based on [[ARM64]].
 
== History ==▼
In 1987, the [[Macintosh II]] brought color graphics, but priced as a professional workstation and not a personal computer. Beginning in 1994 with the [[Power Macintosh]], the Mac transitioned from [[Motorola 68000 series]] processors to [[PowerPC]]. Despite the significant performance increase, the Mac was not fully competitive with commodity [[IBM PC compatible]]s throughout the 1990s.
 
The 1996 acquisition of [[NeXT]] returned [[Steve Jobs]] to Apple, whose focused product oversight pushed the Mac mainstream with the 1998 [[iMac G3]], the Mac OS X operating system (renamed to macOS in 2016), and the [[Mac transition to Intel processors]] from 2005 to 2006. High [[pixel density]] [[Retina display]]s debuted in the [[iPhone 4]] in 2010 and the MacBook Pro in 2012. In the 2010s, the Mac was neglected under CEO [[Tim Cook]], especially for professional users, but was reinvigorated with new high-end Macs and the [[Mac transition to Apple silicon|transition to Apple silicon]], which had originated in [[iOS]] devices.
 
▲==History==
{{See also|History of Apple Inc.}}
[[File:Apple Mac Worldwide Quarterly Sales.webp|thumb|right|Mac worldwide quarterly sales]]
 
=== 1979–1996: "Macintosh" era ===
[[File:Steve Jobs and Macintosh computer, January 1984, by Bernard Gotfryd - edited.jpg|alt=With a red background, Steve Jobs rests his forearms on a Macintosh computer.|thumb|[[Steve Jobs]] debuted the Macintosh in January 1984, photographed by [[Bernard Gotfryd]]. The Mac displays the [[shin-hanga]] ({{lang-langx|ja|髪梳ける女}}; {{lit|hair combing woman}}) ([[:File:Hashiguchi Goyo - Woman in Blue Combing Her Hair - Walters 95880.jpg|original]]) by [[Goyō Hashiguchi]].]]
In the late 1970s, the [[Apple II]] became one of the most popular computers, especially in education. After [[IBM]] introduced the [[IBM Personal Computer|IBM PC]] in 1981, its sales surpassed the Apple II. In response, Apple introduced the [[Apple Lisa|Lisa]] in 1983.{{Sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pp=67-68}} The Lisa's [[graphical user interface]] was inspired by strategically licensed demonstrations of the [[Xerox Star]]. Lisa surpassed the Star with intuitive [[Direct manipulation interface|direct manipulation]], like the ability to [[drag and drop]] files, double-click to launch applications, and move or resize windows by clicking and dragging instead of going through a menu.{{Sfn|Levy|2000|pp=90-101, 135-138}}{{Sfn|Malone|1999|pp=232-244}} However, hampered by its high price of {{US$|9,995|1981|round=-3|long=no}} and lack of available software, the Lisa was commercially unsuccessful.{{Sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pp=67-68}}
 
Parallel to the Lisa's development, a [[Skunkworks project|skunkworks]] team at Apple was working on the Macintosh project. Conceived in 1979 by [[Jef Raskin]], Macintosh was envisioned as an affordable, easy-to-use computer for the masses. Raskin named the computer after his favorite type of apple, the [[McIntosh (apple)|McIntosh]]. The initial team consisted of Raskin, hardware engineer [[Burrell Smith]], and Apple co-founder [[Steve Wozniak]]. In 1981, [[Steve Jobs]] was removed from the Lisa team and joined Macintosh, and was able to gradually take control of the project due to [[Steve Wozniak#Plane crash and temporary leave from Apple|Wozniak's temporary absence after an airplane crash]]. Under Jobs, the Mac grew to resemble the Lisa, with a mouse and a more intuitive graphical interface, at a quarter of the Lisa's price.{{Sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pp=85-88, 92-94|ps=. Wozniak plane crash: p. 15.}}
 
Upon its January 1984 launch, the [[Macintosh 128K|first Macintosh]] was described as "revolutionary" by ''The New York Times''.{{Sfn|Sandberg-Diment|1984|p=C3}} Sales initially met projections, but dropped due to the machine's low performance, single [[floppy disk]] drive requiring frequent disk swapping, and initial lack of applications. Author [[Douglas Adams]] said: "Butof whatit, "…what I (and I think everybody else who bought the machine in the early days) fell in love with was not the machine itself, which was ridiculously slow and underpowered, but a romantic idea of the machine. And that romantic idea had to sustain me through the realities of actually working on the 128K Mac."{{Sfn|Levy|2000|pp=185-187, 193-196}} Most of the original Macintosh team left Apple, and some followed Jobs to found [[NeXT]] after he was forced out by CEO [[John Sculley]].{{Sfn|Levy|2000|pp=201-203}} The first Macintosh nevertheless generated enthusiasm among buyers and some developers, who rushed to develop entirely new programs for the platform, including [[Adobe PageMaker|PageMaker]], [[MORE (application)|MORE]], and [[Microsoft Excel|Excel]].{{Sfn|Levy|2000|pp=198, 218-220}} Apple soon released the [[Macintosh 512K]] with improved performance and an external floppy drive.{{Sfn|Levy|2000|p=200}} The Macintosh is credited with popularizing the graphical user interface,{{Sfn|Linzmayer|2004|p=103}} Jobs's fascination with [[typography]] gave it an unprecedented variety of fonts and type styles like italics, bold, shadow, and outline.{{Sfn|Levy|2000|pp=158-159}} It is the first [[WYSIWYG]] computer, and due in large part to PageMaker and Apple's [[LaserWriter]] printer, it ignited the [[desktop publishing]] market, turning the Macintosh from an early let-down into a notable success.{{Sfn|Levy|2000|p=211, 220–222}} Levy called desktop publishing the Mac's "Trojan horse" in the enterprise market, as colleagues and executives tried these Macs and were seduced into requesting one for themselves. [[Adobe PageMaker|PageMaker]] creator Paul Brainerd said: "You would see the pattern. A large corporation would buy PageMaker and a couple of Macs to do the company newsletter. The next year you'd come back and there would be thirty Macintoshes. The year after that, three hundred."{{sfn|Levy|2000|pp=221-222}}
 
In late 1985, Bill Atkinson, one of the few remaining employees to have been on the original Macintosh team, proposed that Apple create a [[Dynabook]], Alan Kay's concept for a tablet computer that stores and organizes knowledge. Sculley rebuffed him, so he adapted the idea into a Mac program, [[HyperCard]], whose cards store any information—text, image, audio, video—with the [[memex]]-like ability to [[Semantic network|semantically link]] cards together. HyperCard was released in 1987 and bundled with every Macintosh.{{Sfn|Levy|2000|pp=239-247}}
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In 1996, Spindler was succeeded by Amelio, who searched for an established operating system to acquire or license for the foundation of a new Macintosh operating system. He considered [[BeOS]], Solaris, Windows NT, and NeXT's [[NeXTSTEP]], eventually choosing the last. Apple acquired NeXT on December 20, 1996, returning its co-founder, Steve Jobs.{{Sfn|Schlender|Tetzeli|2015|pp=190-197}}{{Sfn|Malone|1999|p=518}}
 
=== 1997–2011: Steve Jobs era ===
NeXT had developed the mature [[NeXTSTEP]] operating system with strong multimedia and Internet capabilities.{{Sfn|Malone|1999|p=521}} NeXTSTEP was also popular among programmers, financial firms, and academia for its [[object-oriented programming]] tools for [[rapid application development]].<ref name="computerhistory.org">{{Cite web |last=Hsu |first=Hansen |date=March 15, 2016 |title=The Deep History of Your Apps: Steve Jobs, NeXTSTEP, and Early Object-Oriented Programming |url=https://computerhistory.org/blog/the-deep-history-of-your-apps-steve-jobs-nextstep-and-early-object-oriented-programming/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116061910/https://computerhistory.org/blog/the-deep-history-of-your-apps-steve-jobs-nextstep-and-early-object-oriented-programming/ |archive-date=November 16, 2022 |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=[[Computer History Museum]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pp=207-213}} In an eagerly anticipated speech at the January 1997 [[Macworld/iWorld|Macworld]] trade show, Steve Jobs previewed [[Rhapsody (operating system)|Rhapsody]], a merger of NeXTSTEP and Mac OS as the foundation of Apple's new operating system strategy.{{Sfn|Malone|1999|pp=529, 554}} At the time, Jobs only served as advisor, and Amelio was released in July 1997. Jobs was formally appointed interim CEO in September, and permanent CEO in January 2000.{{Sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pp=289-298}} To continue turning the company around, Jobs streamlined Apple's operations and began layoffs.{{Sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=336-339, 359}} He negotiated a deal with [[Bill Gates]] in which Microsoft committed to releasing new versions of Office for Mac for five years, investing $150 million in Apple, and settling an ongoing lawsuit in which Apple alleged that Windows had copied the Mac's interface. In exchange, Apple made [[Internet Explorer]] the default Mac browser. The deal was closed hours before Jobs announced it at the August 1997 Macworld.{{Sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pp=288-291}}
 
Jobs returned focus to Apple. The Mac lineup had been incomprehensible, with dozens of hard-to-distinguish models. He streamlined it into four quadrants, a laptop and a desktop each for consumers and professionals. Apple also discontinued several Mac accessories, including the [[StyleWriter]] printer and the [[Apple Newton|Newton]] PDA.{{Sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=336-339}} These changes were meant to refocus Apple's engineering, marketing, and manufacturing efforts so that more care could be dedicated to each product.{{Sfn|Schlender|Tetzeli|pp=224-225|2015}} Jobs also stopped licensing Mac OS to clone manufacturers, which had cost Apple ten times more in lost sales than it received in licensing fees.{{Sfn|Linzmayer|2004|p=254-256, 291-292}} Jobs made a deal with the largest computer reseller, [[CompUSA]], to carry a "[[store -within -a -store"]] that would better showcase Macs and their software and peripherals. According to Apple, the Mac's share of computer sales in those stores went from 3% to 14%. In November, the online Apple Store launched with built-to-order Mac configurations without a middleman.{{Sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pp=289-298}} When [[Tim Cook]] was hired as chief operations officer in March 1998, he closed Apple's inefficient factories and outsourced Mac production to Taiwan. Within months, he rolled out a new [[Enterprise resource planning|ERP]] system and implemented [[Just-in-Time Manufacturing|just-in-time]] manufacturing principles. This practically eliminated Apple's costly unsold inventory, and within one year, Apple had the industry's most efficient inventory turnover.{{Sfn|Mickle|2022|pp=93-99}}
 
[[File:IMac colorful internet lowres.png|thumb|The iMac G3's marketing heavily emphasizes its design and Internet capabilities for consumers.]]
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New Macs include the white [[IMac G4|"Sunflower" iMac G4]]. Ive designed a display to swivel with one finger, so that it "appear[ed] to defy gravity".{{Sfn|Kahney|2013|pp=187-191}} In 2003, Apple released the aluminum 12-inch and 17-inch [[PowerBook G4#2nd generation: Aluminum|PowerBook G4]], proclaiming the "Year of the Notebook". With the Microsoft deal expiring, Apple also replaced Internet Explorer with its new browser, [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]].{{Sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pp=301-302}} The first [[Mac Mini#First generation (G4 Polycarbonate)|Mac Mini]] was intended to be assembled in the U.S., but domestic manufacturers were slow and had insufficient quality processes, leading Apple to Taiwanese manufacturer [[Foxconn]].{{Sfn|Kahney|2013|pp=203-210}} The affordably priced Mac Mini desktop was introduced at Macworld 2005, alongside the introduction of the [[iWork]] office suite.{{Sfn|Kahney|2013|pp=187-191, 203-210}}
 
[[Bertrand Serlet|Serlet]] and [[Avie Tevanian|Tevanian]] were both initiating the secret project asked by [[Steve Jobs]] to propose to [[Sony]] executives, in 2001, to sell [[MacOSMac OS X]] on [[Vaio]] laptops.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Souppouris |first=Aaron |date=2014-02-05 |title=Steve Jobs wanted Sony VAIOs to run OS X |url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/2/5/5380832/sony-vaio-apple-os-x-steve-jobs-meeting-report |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=February 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201115332/https://www.theverge.com/2014/2/5/5380832/sony-vaio-apple-os-x-steve-jobs-meeting-report |url-status=live }}</ref> They shownshowed them a demonstration at a golf party in [[Hawaii]], with the most expensive [[Vaio]] laptop they could have acquired.<ref>{{Cite web |title=sony-turned-down-offer-from-steve-jobs-to-run-mac-os-on-vaio-laptops-says-ex-president/ |work=9to5Mac |date=February 5, 2014 |url=https://9to5mac.com/2014/02/05/sony-turned-down-offer-from-steve-jobs-to-run-mac-os-on-vaio-laptops-says-ex-president/ |access-date=May 14, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101004006/https://9to5mac.com/2014/02/05/sony-turned-down-offer-from-steve-jobs-to-run-mac-os-on-vaio-laptops-says-ex-president/ |url-status=live |last1=Lovejoy |first1=Ben }}</ref> But due to a bad timing, [[Sony]] refused, arguing their [[Vaio]] sales just started to grow after years of difficulties.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-05 |title=The tales of Steve Jobs & Japan #02: casual friendship with Sony {{!}} Steve Jobs and Japan {{!}} nobi.com (EN) |url=https://nobi.com/en/Steve%20Jobs%20and%20Japan/entry-1212.html |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=nobi.com |language=ja |archive-date=May 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509133807/https://nobi.com/en/Steve%20Jobs%20and%20Japan/entry-1212.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
==== Intel transition and "back to the Mac" ====
With PowerPC chips falling behind in performance, price, and efficiency, Steve Jobs announced in 2005 the [[Mac transition to Intel processors]], because the operating system had been developed for both architectures since the beginning.{{Sfn|Schlender|Tetzeli|pp=373-374|2015}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Snell |first=Jason |date=January 11, 2006 |title=Chip Story: The Intel Mac FAQ, 2006 edition |url=https://www.macworld.com/article/178446/intelfaq2006.html |access-date=December 15, 2022 |website=Macworld |language=en |archive-date=February 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219193806/https://www.macworld.com/article/178446/intelfaq2006.html |url-status=live }}</ref> PowerPC apps run using transparent [[Rosetta (software)|Rosetta]] emulation,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Siracusa |first=John |date=July 20, 2011 |title=Mac OS X 10.7 Lion: the Ars Technica review |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2011/07/mac-os-x-10-7/ |access-date=December 4, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=February 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219193808/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2011/07/mac-os-x-10-7/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and Windows boots natively using [[Boot Camp (software)|Boot Camp]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ecker |first=Clint |date=April 5, 2006 |title=Apple unveils official support for booting Windows |url=https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2006/04/6524-2/ |access-date=December 16, 2022 |website=Ars Technica}}</ref> This transition helped contribute to a few years of growth in Mac sales.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheng |first=Jacqui |date=February 24, 2009 |title=Making sense of Mac market share figures |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2009/02/mac-market-share/ |access-date=December 15, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=December 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215234108/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2009/02/mac-market-share/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
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On February 24, 2011, the MacBook Pro became the first computer to support Intel's new [[Thunderbolt (interface)|Thunderbolt]] connector, with two-way transfer speeds of 10&nbsp;Gbit/s, and backward compatibility with [[Mini DisplayPort]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Frakes |first1=Dan |last2=Moren |first2=Dan |date=February 24, 2011 |title=What you need to know about Thunderbolt |url=https://www.macworld.com/article/210898/thunderbolt_what_you_need_to_know.html |access-date=December 15, 2022 |website=Macworld |language=en |archive-date=December 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215234106/https://www.macworld.com/article/210898/thunderbolt_what_you_need_to_know.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
=== 2012–present: Tim Cook era ===
[[File:New Mac Pro (12093123884).jpg|thumb|The [[2013 Mac Pro]] was controversial among professional users. One of the reasons was the lack of internal expandibility due to the absence of expansion slots or the like, which was a side-effect of the exotic and compact design (height c. 25 &nbsp;cm).]]
Due to deteriorating health, Steve Jobs resigned as CEO on August 24, 2011, and [[Tim Cook]] was named as his successor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 24, 2011 |title=Steve Jobs resigns from Apple, Cook becomes CEO |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-idUSTRE77N82K20110824 |access-date=October 9, 2022 |archive-date=August 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827040000/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/24/us-apple-idUSTRE77N82K20110824 |url-status=live }}</ref> Cook's first [[List of Apple Inc. media events#Apple Special Event (October 4, 2011)|keynote address]] launched [[iCloud]], moving the digital hub from the Mac to the cloud.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Honan |first=Mat |date=October 12, 2011 |title=iCloud Is a Bigger Deal Than You Think: It's the Future of Computing |url=https://gizmodo.com/icloud-is-a-bigger-deal-than-you-think-its-the-future-5848834 |access-date=February 10, 2023 |website=Gizmodo |language=en |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210044249/https://gizmodo.com/icloud-is-a-bigger-deal-than-you-think-its-the-future-5848834 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Sfn|Mickle|2022|pp=5-11}} In 2012, the [[MacBook Pro (3rd generation)|MacBook Pro was refreshed]] with a Retina display, and the [[IMac (Intel-based)#4th generation: Slim Unibody iMac|iMac]] was slimmed and lost its [[SuperDrive]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Jonny |date=June 11, 2012 |title=WWDC 2012: Retina Display reaches MacBook Pro |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2471870/wwdc-2012--retina-display-reaches-macbook-pro.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004123516/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2471870/wwdc-2012--retina-display-reaches-macbook-pro.html |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=Computerworld |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Etherington |first=Darrell |date=November 30, 2012 |title=A First Look at the 2012 21.5-inch iMac, And How It Compares To Generations Past |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/11/30/a-first-look-at-the-2012-21-5-inch-imac-and-how-it-compares-to-generations-past |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930120827/https://techcrunch.com/2012/11/30/a-first-look-at-the-2012-21-5-inch-imac-and-how-it-compares-to-generations-past |archive-date=September 30, 2022 |access-date=September 30, 2022 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
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The iMac [[IMac (Intel-based)#5th generation: Retina iMac|was refreshed]] with a [[5K resolution|5K]] Retina display in 2014, making it the highest-resolution all-in-one desktop computer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=iMac with Retina display review: best in class, but not everybody needs one |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014-10-22-imac-with-retina-display-review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412003643/https://www.engadget.com/2014-10-22-imac-with-retina-display-review.html |archive-date=April 12, 2022 |access-date=September 29, 2022 |website=Engadget|date=October 22, 2014 }}</ref> The MacBook [[MacBook (2015–2019)|was reintroduced]] in 2015, with a completely redesigned aluminum unibody chassis, a 12-inch Retina display, a fanless low-power [[Intel Core M]] processor, a much smaller logic board, a new Butterfly keyboard, a single [[USB-C]] port, and a solid-state [[Force Touch]] trackpad with pressure sensitivity. It was praised for its portability, but criticized for its lack of performance, the need to use adapters to use most USB peripherals, and a high starting price of {{US$|1,299|2015|round=-2|long=no}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bohn |first=Dieter |date=April 9, 2015 |title=12-inch MacBook review |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/4/9/8372335/12-inch-macbook-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813101817/https://www.theverge.com/2015/4/9/8372335/12-inch-macbook-review |archive-date=August 13, 2022 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2015, Apple started a service program to address a widespread GPU defect in the [[MacBook Pro (Intel-based)#Second generation (Unibody), 2008–2012|15-inch 2011 MacBook Pro]], which could cause graphical artifacts or prevent the machine from functioning entirely.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Centers |first=Josh |date=December 19, 2013 |title=Users Reporting Widespread GPU Issues with 2011 MacBook Pros |url=https://tidbits.com/2013/12/19/users-reporting-widespread-gpu-issues-with-2011-macbook-pros |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614223534/https://tidbits.com/2013/12/19/users-reporting-widespread-gpu-issues-with-2011-macbook-pros |archive-date=June 14, 2021 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=TidBITS |language=en}}</ref>
 
==== Neglect of professional users ====
[[File:MacBook Pro Retina 001.jpg|thumb|The 13-inch and 15-inch MacBook Pros (2016-192016–19) were criticized for its keyboard's unreliability, and the USB-C-only port configuration.]]
The [[MacBook Pro (4th generation)|Touch Bar MacBook Pro]] was released in October 2016. It was the thinnest MacBook Pro ever made, replaced all ports with four [[Thunderbolt (interface)|Thunderbolt 3]] (USB-C) ports, gained a thinner "Butterfly" keyboard, and replaced [[function key]]s with the [[Touch Bar]]. The Touch Bar was criticized for making it harder to use the function keys by feel, as it offered no tactile feedback. Many users were also frustrated by the need to buy [[dongle]]s, particularly professional users who relied on traditional USB-A devices, [[SD card]]s, and HDMI for video output.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nielsen |first=Miranda |date=November 14, 2016 |title=MacBook Pro with Touch Bar review: a touch of the future |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/14/13616404/apple-macbook-pro-touch-bar-review-2016-13-inch-15-inch-laptop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308225649/https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/14/13616404/apple-macbook-pro-touch-bar-review-2016-13-inch-15-inch-laptop |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |access-date=March 16, 2021 |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Wollman |first=Dana |date=November 14, 2016 |title=MacBook Pro review (2016): A step forward and a step back |url=https://www.engadget.com/2016-11-14-macbook-pro-review-2016.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209202145/https://www.engadget.com/2016-11-14-macbook-pro-review-2016.html |archive-date=February 9, 2021 |access-date=March 16, 2021 |publisher=Engadget}}</ref> A few months after its release, users reported a problem with stuck keys and letters being skipped or repeated. [[iFixit]] attributed this to the ingress of dust or food crumbs under the keys, jamming them. Since the Butterfly keyboard was riveted into the laptop's case, it could only be serviced at an [[Apple Store]] or [[Apple Authorized Service Provider|authorized service center]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 4, 2022 |title=Anatomy of a Butterfly (Keyboard)—Teardown Style {{!}} iFixit News |url=https://www.ifixit.com/News/10319/butterfly-keyboard-teardown |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927151028/https://www.ifixit.com/News/10319/butterfly-keyboard-teardown |archive-date=September 27, 2022 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=[[iFixit]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Stern |first=Joanna |date=March 27, 2019 |title={{Not a typo|Appl}} Still Hasn't {{Not a typo|Fixd}} Its MacBook {{Not a typo|Kyboad}} {{Not a typo|Problm}}|url=https://www.wsj.com/graphics/apple-still-hasnt-fixed-its-macbook-keyboard-problem |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318095840/https://www.wsj.com/graphics/apple-still-hasnt-fixed-its-macbook-keyboard-problem |archive-date=March 18, 2021 |access-date=March 16, 2021 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 4, 2022 |title=Apple Engineers Its Own Downfall With the Macbook Pro Keyboard |url=https://www.ifixit.com/News/10229/macbook-pro-keyboard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914182233/https://www.ifixit.com/News/10229/macbook-pro-keyboard |archive-date=September 14, 2022 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=iFixit |language=en}}</ref> Apple settled a $50m class-action lawsuit over these keyboards in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Price |first=David |date=November 30, 2022 |title=Judge approves Apple's massive MacBook keyboard lawsuit payout |url=https://www.macworld.com/article/1418084/judge-approves-macbook-keyboard-lawsuit-payout.html |access-date=December 20, 2022 |website=Macworld |language=en |archive-date=December 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220061528/https://www.macworld.com/article/1418084/judge-approves-macbook-keyboard-lawsuit-payout.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cunningham |first=Andrew |date=November 30, 2022 |title=Apple will pay up to $395 to people with broken MacBook butterfly keyboards |language=en-us |work=Ars Technica |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/11/judge-approves-50-million-settlement-over-broken-macbook-butterfly-keyboards/ |access-date=December 20, 2022 |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111153018/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/11/judge-approves-50-million-settlement-over-broken-macbook-butterfly-keyboards/ |url-status=live }}</ref> These same models were afflicted by "flexgate": when users closed and opened the machine, they would risk progressively damaging the cable responsible for the display [[backlight]], which was too short. The $6 cable was soldered to the screen, requiring a $700 repair.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gartenberg |first=Chaim |date=January 22, 2019 |title="Flexgate" might be Apple's next MacBook Pro problem |url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2019/1/22/18193120/apple-macbook-pro-lighting-screen-flexgate |access-date=December 16, 2022 |website=The Verge |language=en-US |archive-date=December 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216023122/https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2019/1/22/18193120/apple-macbook-pro-lighting-screen-flexgate |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Porter |first=Jon |date=March 5, 2019 |title=Apple quietly addressed 'Flexgate' issue with MacBook Pro redesign |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/5/18251264/macbook-pro-2018-flexgate-fix-display-cable-2mm-longer |access-date=December 16, 2022 |website=The Verge |language=en-US |archive-date=February 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224184549/https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/5/18251264/macbook-pro-2018-flexgate-fix-display-cable-2mm-longer |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
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The 2019 16-inch MacBook Pro and 2020 MacBook Air replaced the unreliable Butterfly keyboard with a redesigned scissor-switch Magic Keyboard. On the MacBook Pros, the Touch Bar and Touch ID were made standard, and the Esc key was detached from the Touch Bar and returned to being a physical key.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Chokkatu |first=Julian |title=Apple's 16-Inch MacBook Pro Is a Return to Form |url=https://www.wired.com/review/apple-macbook-pro-16-inch-2019/ |access-date=November 16, 2022 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |archive-date=November 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116061910/https://www.wired.com/review/apple-macbook-pro-16-inch-2019/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At WWDC 2019, Apple unveiled a [[Mac Pro#3rd generation (lattice tower or rack)|new Mac Pro]] with a larger case design that allows for hardware expandability, and introduced a new expansion module system (MPX) for modules such as the Afterburner card for faster video encoding.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Savov |first=Vlad |date=June 3, 2019 |title=Apple announces all-new redesigned Mac Pro, starting at $5,999 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/3/18646424/apple-mac-pro-redesign-new-specs-features-photos-wwdc-2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004123518/https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/3/18646424/apple-mac-pro-redesign-new-specs-features-photos-wwdc-2019 |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 10, 2019 |title=The Thermodynamics Behind the Mac Pro, the Hypercar of Computers |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/a30170910/apple-mac-pro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408113734/https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/a30170910/apple-mac-pro |archive-date=April 8, 2022 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=[[Popular Mechanics]] |language=en-us}}</ref> Almost every part of the new Mac Pro is user-replaceable, with iFixit praising its high user-repairability.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 17, 2019 |title=iFixit Mac Pro teardown |url=https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Mac+Pro+2019+Teardown/128922 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330130004/https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Mac+Pro+2019+Teardown/128922 |archive-date=March 30, 2021 |access-date=March 16, 2021 |website=iFixit}}</ref> It received positive reviews, with reviewers praising its power, modularity, quiet cooling, and Apple's increased focus on professional workflows.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Nilay |date=March 2, 2020 |title=Mac Pro review: power, if you can use it |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/2/21161358/mac-pro-review-apple-display-xdr-adobe-hardware-software-price-video |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple Mac Pro (2019): Premium hardware for serious professionals |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-mac-pro-2019-a-hands-off-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331145856/https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-mac-pro-2019-a-hands-off-review |archive-date=March 31, 2022 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=ZDNet |language=en}}</ref>
 
==== Apple silicon transition ====
[[File:M1 iMac Green model.jpg|thumb|The 2021 iMac was praised for its colorful and slim design.]]
[[File:Touch ID and SD card reader of Macbook Pro 16 inti model (cropped).jpg|thumb|The 14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pros (2021-present) received widespread acclaim for its significantly improved port selection (pictured) and thermals.]]
Line 102 ⟶ 116:
At WWDC 2020, Tim Cook announced that the Mac would be [[Mac transition to Apple silicon|transitioning to Apple silicon]] chips, built upon an [[ARM architecture family|ARM]] architecture, over a two-year timeline.<ref name="arm-transition">{{Cite web |last=Warren |first=Tom |date=June 22, 2020 |title=Apple is switching Macs to its own processors starting later this year |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/22/21295475/apple-mac-processors-arm-silicon-chips-wwdc-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117014341/https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/22/21295475/apple-mac-processors-arm-silicon-chips-wwdc-2020 |archive-date=November 17, 2021 |access-date=June 23, 2020 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> The [[Rosetta (software)|Rosetta 2]] translation layer was also introduced, enabling Apple silicon Macs to run Intel apps.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple Silicon at WWDC 2020: Everything you need to know |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-silicon-explained-everything-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=November 7, 2022 |website=ZDNet |language=en |archive-date=November 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107202012/https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-silicon-explained-everything-you-need-to-know/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 10, 2020, Apple announced their first system-on-a-chip designed for the Mac, the [[Apple M1]], and a series of Macs that would ship with the M1: the [[MacBook Air (Apple silicon)|MacBook Air]], [[Mac Mini#Apple silicon (2020–present)|Mac Mini]], and the 13-inch [[MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)|MacBook Pro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iyengar |first=Rishi |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Apple details new MacBook Air, MacBook Pro and Mac Mini, all powered by in-house silicon chips |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/10/tech/apple-silicon-chips-mac |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116184959/https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/10/tech/apple-silicon-chips-mac |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |access-date=November 13, 2020 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> These new Macs received highly positive reviews, with reviewers highlighting significant improvements in battery life, performance, and heat management compared to previous generations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Nilay |date=November 17, 2020 |title=The Verge M1 MBP review |url=https://www.theverge.com/21570497/apple-macbook-pro-2020-m1-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313170319/https://www.theverge.com/21570497/apple-macbook-pro-2020-m1-review |archive-date=March 13, 2021 |access-date=March 16, 2021 |website=The Verge}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Spoonauer |first1=Mark |date=November 9, 2021 |title=Tom's Guide M1 MBP review |url=https://www.tomsguide.com/reviews/macbook-pro-m1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228082208/https://www.tomsguide.com/reviews/macbook-pro-m1 |archive-date=February 28, 2021 |access-date=March 16, 2021 |website=[[Tom's Hardware|Tom's Guide]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=updated |first=Matt Hanson last |date=November 18, 2021 |title=Apple MacBook Air (M1, 2020) review |url=https://www.techradar.com/reviews/apple-macbook-air-m12020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929155722/https://www.techradar.com/reviews/apple-macbook-air-m12020 |archive-date=September 29, 2022 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=[[TechRadar]] |language=en}}</ref>
 
The iMac Pro was quietly discontinued on March 6, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Markander |first=Mikael |date=March 8, 2021 |title=Apple discontinues the iMac Pro |url=https://www.macworld.com/article/676413/apple-discontinues-the-imac-pro.html |access-date=December 13, 2022 |website=Macworld |language=en |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111153043/https://www.macworld.com/article/676413/apple-discontinues-the-imac-pro.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On April 20, 2021, a new [[iMac (Apple silicon)|24-inch iMac]] was revealed, featuring the M1 chip, seven new colors, thinner white bezels, a higher-resolution 1080p webcam, and an enclosure made entirely from recycled aluminum.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chin |first=Monica |date=May 18, 2021 |title=Apple's new iMac is fun and functional |url=https://www.theverge.com/22440059/apple-imac-m1-2021-24-review |access-date=November 7, 2022 |website=The Verge |language=en-US |archive-date=November 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107200009/https://www.theverge.com/22440059/apple-imac-m1-2021-24-review |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Chokkatu |first1=Julian |title=Apple's Colorful New iMac Pairs Beauty With Brawn |url=https://www.wired.com/review/apple-imac-24-inch-2021/ |magazine=WIRED |access-date=30 March 2024 |date=21 May 2021}}</ref>
 
On October 18, 2021, Apple announced new [[MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)#Fifth generation (Liquid Retina XDR), 2021–present|14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pros]], featuring the more powerful M1 Pro and M1 Max chips, a bezel-less [[LED-backlit LCD|mini-LED]] 120&nbsp;Hz ProMotion display, and the return of [[MagSafe]] and [[HDMI]] ports, and the [[SD card]] slot.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Mitchell |date=October 18, 2021 |title=Apple announces new 14-inch MacBook Pro with a notch |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/10/18/22724738/apple-macbook-pro-14-inch-features-price-release-date |access-date=December 13, 2022 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=December 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213222003/https://www.theverge.com/2021/10/18/22724738/apple-macbook-pro-14-inch-features-price-release-date |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Casey |first1=Henry |title=Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (2021) review |url=https://www.tomsguide.com/reviews/macbook-pro-2021-14-inch |website=Tom's Guide |access-date=30 March 2024 |language=en |date=30 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Larsen |first1=Luke |title=Apple MacBook Pro (M1 Pro) In-Depth Review: Perfect Pro Laptop |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/apple-macbook-pro-m1-pro-review/ |website=Digital Trends |access-date=30 March 2024 |language=en |date=11 November 2021}}</ref>
 
On March 8, 2022, the [[Mac Studio]] was unveiled, also featuring the M1 Max chip and the new M1 Ultra chip in a similar form factor to the Mac Mini. It drew highly positive reviews for its flexibility and wide range of available ports.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Porter |first=Jon |date=March 9, 2022 |title=Apple's new strategy is to give – not tell – users what they want |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/9/22968839/apple-mac-studio-display-m1-ultra-strategy-users |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530214311/https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/9/22968839/apple-mac-studio-display-m1-ultra-strategy-users |archive-date=May 30, 2022 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref> Its performance was deemed "impressive", beating the highest-end Mac Pro with a 28-core Intel Xeon chip, while being significantly more power efficient and compact.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Andrew |date=March 17, 2022 |title=Review: The Mac Studio shows us exactly why Apple left Intel behind |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/mac-studio-review-a-nearly-perfect-workhorse-mac |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002184718/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/mac-studio-review-a-nearly-perfect-workhorse-mac |archive-date=October 2, 2022 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=[[Ars Technica]] |language=en-us}}</ref> It was introduced alongside the [[Apple Studio Display|Studio Display]], and was meant to replace the 27-inch iMac, which was discontinued on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Song |first=Victoria |date=March 8, 2022 |title=The 27-inch iMac has been discontinued |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/8/22967616/apple-27-inch-imac-studio-desktop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530214301/https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/8/22967616/apple-27-inch-imac-studio-desktop |archive-date=May 30, 2022 |access-date=March 22, 2022 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>
 
==== Post-Apple silicon transition ====
At [[WWDC 2022]], Apple announced an [[MacBook Air (Apple silicon)#Fourth generation (flat unibody)|updated MacBook Air]] based on a new [[Apple M2|M2]] chip. It incorporates several changes from the 14-inch MacBook Pro, such as a flat, slab-shaped design, full-sized function keys, [[MagSafe]] charging, and a [[Retina display|Liquid Retina]] display, with rounded corners and a display cutout incorporating a 1080p webcam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seifert |first=Dan |date=July 14, 2022 |title=Apple MacBook Air M2 (2022) review: all-new Air |url=https://www.theverge.com/laptop-review/23207440/apple-macbook-air-m2-2022-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721001839/https://www.theverge.com/laptop-review/23207440/apple-macbook-air-m2-2022-review |archive-date=July 21, 2022 |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=[[The Verge]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
The Mac Studio with [[Apple M2 Max|M2 Max]] and [[M2 Ultra]] chips and the Mac Pro with [[Apple M2|M2 Ultra]] chip was unveiled at WWDC 2023, and the Intel-based Mac Pro was discontinued on the same day, completing the Mac transition to Apple silicon chips.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Chin |first=Monica |date=June 27, 2023 |title=Which professionals is the Mac Pro for? We couldn't find them |url=https://www.theverge.com/23770770/apple-mac-pro-m2-ultra-2023-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823172901/https://www.theverge.com/23770770/apple-mac-pro-m2-ultra-2023-review |archive-date=August 23, 2023 |access-date=July 18, 2023 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref> The Mac Studio was received positively as a modest upgrade over the previous generation, albeit similarly- priced PCs could be equipped with faster GPUs.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Joel Burgess |date=2023-10-04 |title=Apple Mac Studio (M2 Ultra) review: Pro Performance in a compact package |url=https://www.techradar.com/reviews/apple-mac-studio-m2-ultra |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=TechRadar |language=en |archive-date=January 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102153330/https://www.techradar.com/reviews/apple-mac-studio-m2-ultra |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the Apple silicon-based Mac Pro was criticized for several regressions, including memory capacity and a complete lack of CPU or GPU expansion options.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mac renaissance: How Apple's chip transition yielded such an oddly configured Mac Pro |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/mac-renaissance-how-apples-processor-transition-yielded-such-an-oddly-configured-mac-pro/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823172926/https://www.zdnet.com/article/mac-renaissance-how-apples-processor-transition-yielded-such-an-oddly-configured-mac-pro/ |archive-date=August 23, 2023 |access-date=July 18, 2023 |website=ZDNET |language=en}}</ref> A 15-inch MacBook Air was also introduced, and is the largest display included on a consumer-level Apple laptop.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-12 |title=Apple MacBook Air 15-inch review: A bigger screen makes a surprising difference |url=https://www.engadget.com/apple-macbook-air-15-inch-review-a-bigger-screen-makes-a-surprising-difference-130033172.html |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Engadget |language=en-US |archive-date=March 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310054538/https://www.engadget.com/apple-macbook-air-15-inch-review-a-bigger-screen-makes-a-surprising-difference-130033172.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
The [[MacBook Pro]] was updated on October 30, 2023, with updated [[Apple M3|M3 Pro]] and [[Apple M3|M3 Max]] chips using a [[3 nm process|3 nm]] process node, as well as the standard [[Apple M3|M3]] chip in a refreshed iMac and a new base model MacBook Pro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benedetto |first=Antonio G. Di |date=2023-10-31 |title=Here's where you can preorder Apple's new M3-powered Macs |url=https://www.theverge.com/23938865/apple-imac-macbook-pro-m3-max-preorder-how-to-buy-release-date-price |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117055305/https://www.theverge.com/23938865/apple-imac-macbook-pro-m3-max-preorder-how-to-buy-release-date-price |url-status=live }}</ref> Reviewers lamented the base memory configuration of 8 &nbsp;GB on the standard M3 MacBook Pro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Song |first=Victoria |date=2023-11-06 |title=Apple MacBook Pro 14 (2023) review: entry-level enigma |url=https://www.theverge.com/23944344/apple-macbook-pro-14-2023-review-m3-specs-battery-ports |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=January 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102153331/https://www.theverge.com/23944344/apple-macbook-pro-14-2023-review-m3-specs-battery-ports |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2024, the MacBook Air was also updated to include the M3 chip.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Andrew |date=2024-03-07 |title=Review: Apple's efficient M3 MacBook Airs are just about as good as laptops get |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/03/review-apples-efficient-m3-macbook-airs-are-just-about-as-good-as-laptops-get/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=March 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324015240/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/03/review-apples-efficient-m3-macbook-airs-are-just-about-as-good-as-laptops-get/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2024, several Macs were announced with the [[Apple M4|M4]] series of chips, including the iMac, a redesigned Mac Mini, and the MacBook Pro; all of which included 16&nbsp;GB of memory as standard. The MacBook Air was also upgraded with 16&nbsp;GB for the same price.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cadenas|first=Cesar|date=2024-08-30 |title=The MacBook Air's free RAM upgrade was sneakily the best announcement during Apple's Mac event
|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/the-macbook-airs-free-ram-upgrade-was-sneakily-the-best-announcement-during-apples-mac-event/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=ZDNet |language=en-us}}</ref>
 
== Current Mac models ==
==Product lineup==
{{See also|List of Mac models}}
{{Gallery|title=Overview of current Mac lineup
|File:M2 Macbook Air Starlight model.jpg
|[[MacBook Air]], entry-level lightweight laptop
Line 124 ⟶ 139:
|File:M1 iMac vector.svg
|[[iMac]], [[All-in-one computer|all-in-one]] desktop
|File:Mac Minimini 20202024 silver(cropped).pngjpg
|[[Mac Mini]], entry-level desktop
|File:Mac Studio (2022) front.jpg
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}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:75%; text-align: center;"
|+ Mac models currently in production<ref>{{cite web |title=Apple – Support – Technical Specifications |url=https://support.apple.com/specs/maclaptops |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116165229/https://support.apple.com/specs/maclaptops |archive-date=November 16, 2022 |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=support.apple.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Apple – Support – Technical Specifications |url=https://support.apple.com/specs/macdesktops |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112031825/https://support.apple.com/specs/macdesktops |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=support.apple.com}}</ref>
! Release date
! Model
Line 138 ⟶ 153:
|-
| July 15, 2022
| [[MacBook Air (Apple silicon)#13-inchM2 and 15-inchM3 (2022–present)|MacBook Air (M2, 2022)]]
| [[Apple M2]]
|-▼
| January 24, 2023
| [[Mac Mini#Apple silicon (2020–present)|Mac Mini (2023)]]
| Apple M2 or M2 Pro▼
|-
| rowspan="2"|June 13, 2023
| [[Mac Studio|Mac Studio]] (2023)]]
| Apple M2 Max or M2 Ultra
|-
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| Apple M2 Ultra
|-
| rowspan="32"|NovemberMarch 78, 20232024
| [[iMacMacBook Air (Apple silicon)#M2 and M3 (2022–present)|iMacMacBook Air (2413-inch, 2023M3, 2024)]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Apple M3]]
|-
| [[MacBook ProAir (Apple silicon)#14-inchM2 and 16-inchM3 (2021–present2022–present)|MacBook ProAir (1415-inch, NovM3, 20232024)]]
| Apple M3, M3 Pro, or M3 Max▼
|-
| rowspan="24"|AppleNovember M38, 2024▼
| [[MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)#14-inch and 16-inch (2021–present)|MacBook Pro (16-inch, Nov 2023)]]▼
| [[iMac (Apple M3 Pro orsilicon)|iMac M3(24-inch, Max2024)]]
| [[Apple M4]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|March[[Mac 8,Mini]] (2024)
▲| Apple M2M4 or M2M4 Pro
| [[MacBook Air (Apple silicon)#13-inch and 15-inch (2022–present)|MacBook Air (13-inch, M3, 2024)]]
▲|-
▲| rowspan="2"|Apple M3
▲| [[MacBook Pro (Apple silicon)#14-inch and 16-inch (2021–present)|MacBook Pro (1614-inch, Nov 20232024)]]
▲| Apple M3M4, M3M4 Pro, or M3M4 Max
|-
| [[MacBook AirPro (Apple silicon)#1314-inch and 1516-inch (2022–present2021–present)|MacBook AirPro (1516-inch, M3, 2024)]]
| Apple M4 Pro or M4 Max
|}
 
== Marketing ==
[[File:Ad apple 1984.jpg|thumb|The "[[1984 (advertisement)|1984]]" advertisement debuted during [[Super Bowl XVIII]].]]
The original Macintosh was marketed at [[Super Bowl XVIII]] with the highly acclaimed [[1984 (advertisement)|"1984"]] ad, directed by [[Ridley Scott]]. The ad alluded to [[George Orwell]]'s novel ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]],'' and symbolized Apple's desire to "rescue" humanity from the conformity of computer industry giant [[IBM]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cellini |first=Adelia |date=January 2004 |title=The Story Behind Apple's '1984' TV commercial: Big Brother at 20 |work=[[MacWorld]] 21.1, page 18 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb197/is_200401/ai_n5556112 |url-status=dead |access-date=May 9, 2008 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090628133757/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb197/is_200401/ai_n5556112 |archive-date=June 28, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Long |first=Tony |date=January 22, 2007 |title=Jan. 22, 1984: Dawn of the Mac |url=https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/01/72496 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |magazine=Wired |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416033051/http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/01/72496 |archive-date=April 16, 2010 |access-date=April 11, 2010}}</ref>{{Sfn|Hertzfeld|2004|pp=181–183}} The ad is now considered a "watershed event" and a "masterpiece."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maney |first=Kevin |date=January 28, 2004 |title=Apple's '1984' Super Bowl commercial still stands as watershed event |work=[[USA Today]] |url=http://www.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/kevinmaney/2004-01-28-maney_x.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=April 11, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423195612/http://www.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/kevinmaney/2004-01-28-maney_x.htm |archive-date=April 23, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Leopold |first=Todd |date=February 3, 2006 |title=Why 2006 isn't like '1984' |work=[[CNN]] |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/02/02/eye.ent.commercials |url-status=dead |access-date=May 10, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405133016/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/02/02/eye.ent.commercials |archive-date=April 5, 2014}}</ref> Before the Macintosh, high-tech marketing catered to industry insiders rather than consumers, so journalists covered technology like the "steel or automobiles" industries, with articles written for a highly technical audience.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marinaccio |first=Wendy |date=June 22, 2000 |title=Evelyn Richards on Apple's Influence on Technology Journalism and PR |url=https://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/sites/mac/primary/interviews/richards/apple.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513023142/https://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/sites/mac/primary/interviews/richards/apple.html |archive-date=May 13, 2020 |access-date=September 29, 2022 |website=Making the Macintosh: Technology and Culture in Silicon Valley |publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Marinaccio |first=Wendy |date=June 22, 2000 |title=Evelyn Richards on High-Tech Journalism in the 1980s |url=https://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/sites/mac/primary/interviews/richards/journalism.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513081533/https://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/sites/mac/primary/interviews/richards/journalism.html |archive-date=May 13, 2020 |access-date=September 29, 2022 |work=Making the Macintosh: Technology and Culture in Silicon Valley |publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}</ref> The Macintosh launch event pioneered event marketing techniques that have since become "widely emulated" in [[Silicon Valley]], by creating a mystique about the product and giving an inside look into its creation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soojung-Kim Pang |first=Alex |date=July 14, 2000 |title=The Macintosh Marketing Campaign |url=https://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/sites/mac/market.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606170827/https://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/sites/mac/market.html |archive-date=June 6, 2022 |access-date=September 29, 2022 |website=Making the Macintosh: Technology and Culture in Silicon Valley |publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}</ref> Apple took a new "multiple exclusives" approach regarding the press, giving "over one hundred interviews to journalists that lasted over six hours apiece", and introduced a new "Test Drive a Macintosh" campaign.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marinaccio |first=Wendy |title=Andy Cunningham on the Influence of the Macintosh Launch |date=14 July 2000 |url=https://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/library/mac/primary/interviews/cunningham/influence.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419212244/http://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/library/mac/primary/interviews/cunningham/influence.html |archive-date=April 19, 2015 |access-date=April 19, 2015 |website=Making the Macintosh: Technology and Culture in Silicon Valley |publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Marinaccio |first=Wendy |title=Andy Cunningham on the Macintosh Introduction |url=http://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/library/mac/primary/interviews/cunningham/macintro.html |date=14 July 2000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419205004/http://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/library/mac/primary/interviews/cunningham/macintro.html |archive-date=April 19, 2015 |access-date=September 29, 2022 |work=Making the Macintosh: Technology and Culture in Silicon Valley |publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}</ref>
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The Mac is known for its highly [[brand loyalty|loyal]] customer base. In 2022, the American Customer Satisfaction Index gave the Mac the highest customer satisfaction score of any personal computer, at 82 out of 100.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple tops the PC satisfaction index again. But Samsung has narrowed the gap |url=https://www.zdnet.com/home-and-office/kitchen-household/consumers-crave-macs-and-lg-appliances-says-american-customer-satisfaction-index/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928055131/https://www.zdnet.com/home-and-office/kitchen-household/consumers-crave-macs-and-lg-appliances-says-american-customer-satisfaction-index |archive-date=September 28, 2022 |access-date=September 29, 2022 |website=ZDNet |language=en}}</ref> In that year, Apple was the fourth largest vendor of personal computers, with a market share of 8.9%.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adorno |first=José |date=April 11, 2022 |title=Mac market bucks trend with continued growth while PC shipments slow |url=https://9to5mac.com/2022/04/11/mac-market-bucks-trend-with-continued-growth-while-pc-shipments-slow |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412084552/https://9to5mac.com/2022/04/11/mac-market-bucks-trend-with-continued-growth-while-pc-shipments-slow |archive-date=April 12, 2022 |access-date=September 29, 2022 |website=9to5Mac |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
== Hardware ==
[[File:Mac Pro 2019 on wheels.jpg|thumb|TheA [[Mac Pro]] from 2019 isbeing used for [[color grading]].]]
Apple outsources the production of its hardware to Asian [[original equipment manufacturer|manufacturers]] like [[Foxconn]] and [[Pegatron]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lovejoy |first=Ben |date=July 5, 2016 |title=Foxconn, Pegatron & other Apple suppliers reportedly under pressure as Apple squeezes margins |url=https://9to5mac.com/2016/07/05/foxconn-pegatron-apple-margins |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206054114/https://9to5mac.com/2016/07/05/foxconn-pegatron-apple-margins |archive-date=February 6, 2022 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=9to5Mac |language=en-US}}</ref>{{Sfn|Mickle|2022|loc=pages 97-99, 237-239}} As a highly vertically integrated company developing its own operating system and chips, it has tight control over all aspects of its products and deep integration between hardware and software.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Keeping it under your hat |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/business/2016/04/16/keeping-it-under-your-hat |url-status=live |access-date=October 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423195300/https://www.economist.com/business/2016/04/16/keeping-it-under-your-hat |archive-date=April 23, 2022 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref>
 
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Apple sells accessories for the Mac, including the [[Apple Studio Display|Studio Display]] and [[Pro Display XDR]] external monitors,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grunin |first=Lori |title=Apple Studio Display vs. Pro Display XDR: The Same, Yet Not |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/apple-studio-display-vs-pro-display-xdr-the-same-yet-not/ |access-date=December 5, 2022 |website=CNET |language=en |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111153038/https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/apple-studio-display-vs-pro-display-xdr-the-same-yet-not/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[AirPods]] line of wireless headphones,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vasani |first=Sheena |date=September 10, 2022 |title=Here's how the new AirPods Pro compare to the rest of Apple's AirPods lineup |url=https://www.theverge.com/23320893/apple-airpods-2-3-pro-max-which-to-buy-price-specs |access-date=December 5, 2022 |website=The Verge |language=en-US |archive-date=December 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205042658/https://www.theverge.com/23320893/apple-airpods-2-3-pro-max-which-to-buy-price-specs |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Apple keyboards|keyboards]] and [[Apple pointing devices|mice]] such as the [[Magic Keyboard (Mac)|Magic Keyboard]], [[Magic Trackpad]], and [[Magic Mouse]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=DiPane |first=Jared |title=Apple's New Two-Toned Magic Keyboard With Touch ID, Trackpad and Mouse Are Now Available |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/apples-new-two-toned-magic-keyboard-with-touch-id-trackpad-and-mouse-are-now-available/ |access-date=December 5, 2022 |website=CNET |language=en |archive-date=February 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219193811/https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/apples-new-two-toned-magic-keyboard-with-touch-id-trackpad-and-mouse-are-now-available/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
== Software ==
[[File:MacOSScreenshot Sonomaof DesktopmacOS Sequoia.png|thumb|The latest release of macOS, [[macOSMacOS SonomaSequoia|Sequoia]], was released in 20232024.]]
{{Main|macOS}}
{{See also|Architecture of macOS|Mac operating systems}}
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|GIMP is at {{Cite web |last=Girard |first=Dave |date=January 14, 2009 |title=Suite freedom: a review of GIMP 2.6.4 |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2009/01/gimp-2-6-review/ |access-date=May 6, 2023 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |ref=none |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506235541/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2009/01/gimp-2-6-review/ |url-status=live }}}}</ref> and command-line programs, which can be installed through [[Macports]] and [[Homebrew (package manager)|Homebrew]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Axon |first=Samuel |date=February 5, 2021 |title=Mac utility Homebrew finally gets native Apple Silicon and M1 support |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/02/mac-utility-homebrew-finally-gets-native-apple-silicon-and-m1-support/ |access-date=December 8, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208183415/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/02/mac-utility-homebrew-finally-gets-native-apple-silicon-and-m1-support/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Many applications for [[Linux kernel|Linux]] or [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]] also run on macOS, often using [[X Window System|X11]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction to Porting UNIX/Linux Applications to OS X |url=https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Porting/Conceptual/PortingUnix/intro/intro.html |access-date=November 12, 2022 |website= |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |archive-date=November 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112015125/https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Porting/Conceptual/PortingUnix/intro/intro.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Apple's official integrated development environment ([[Integrated development environment|IDE]]) is [[Xcode]], allowing developers to create apps for the Mac and other Apple platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Paul |date=March 29, 2018 |title=The Xcode cliff: is Apple teaching kids to code, or just about code? |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/29/17173362/apple-swift-playgrounds-xcode-cliff-ipad-learn-to-code-education |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210104937/https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/29/17173362/apple-swift-playgrounds-xcode-cliff-ipad-learn-to-code-education |archive-date=December 10, 2021 |access-date=October 4, 2022 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
The latest release of macOS is [[macOSMacOS SonomaSequoia|macOS 1415 SonomaSequoia]], released on September 2616, 20232024.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Heater |first1=Brian |title=A closer look at macOS Ventura |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/24/a-closer-look-at-macos-ventura/ |website=TechCrunch |access-date=October 26, 2022 |date=October 24, 2022 |archive-date=October 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026091109/https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/24/a-closer-look-at-macos-ventura/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
== Timeline ==
{{Timeline of Mac model families|headerextension=}}
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
 
=== Bibliography ===
* {{Cite book |last=Hertzfeld |first=Andy |title=Revolution in the Valley: The Insanely Great Story of How the Mac was made |publisher=O'Reilly |year=2004 |isbn=0-596-00719-1 |author-link=Andy Hertzfeld}}
* {{Cite book |last=Isaacson |first=Walter |url= |title=Steve Jobs |title-link=Steve Jobs (book) |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4516-4853-9 |edition=1st |location=New York, NY |language=en |author-link=Walter Isaacson}}
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* {{Cite news |last=Sandberg-Diment |first=Erik |date=January 24, 1984 |title=Hardware review: Apple Weighs In With Its Macintosh |language=en-US |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |author=Apple Inc. |last2=Raskin |first2=Jef |author-link2=Jef Raskin |year=1992 |title=Macintosh Human Interface Guidelines |publisher=Addison-Wesley Professional |isbn=0-201-62216-5}}
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{{refend}}
 
== External links ==
{{Commons|Apple Macintosh}}
* {{Official website|https://www.apple.com/mac/}}
 
{{Apple Inc.}}
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