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{{short description|Filipino general, merchant and revolutionary (1878–19071870–1907)}}
{{further|History of the Philippines (1898–1946)}}
{{family name hatnote|Sakay|de León|lang=Spanish}}
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| vicepresident = [[Francisco Carreón]]
| birth_name = Macario Sakay y de León
| birth_date = {{birth date|1878|3|1}}{{refn|group=note|Some sources claim that Macario Sakay was born in 1870.<ref>{{cite book | last=Guillermo | first=A.R. | title=Historical Dictionary of the Philippines | publisher=Scarecrow Press | series=Asian/Oceanian historical dictionaries | year=2012 | isbn=978-0-8108-7246-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmgX9M_yETIC |page=[https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=wmgX9M_yETIC&pg=PA385 385]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Duka | first=C.D. | title=Struggle for Freedom' 2008 Ed. | publisher=Rex Book Store | year=2008 | isbn=978-971-23-5045-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4wk8yqCEmJUC |page=[https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=4wk8yqCEmJUC&pg=PA200 200]}}</ref> However, as his death certificate recorded his age as 29 at his time of death in 1907,<ref name="death" /> this article uses 1878 as his birth date.}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1878|3|1}}<ref group=note>Some sources claim that Macario Sakay was born on March 1, 1870. His death certificate said he was 29 at the time of his death, making 1878 his possible year of birth.</ref>
| birth_place = [[Tondo, Manila|Tondo]], [[Manila]], [[Captaincy General of the Philippines]], [[Spanish Empire]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1907|9|13|18781870|3|1}}
| death_place = [[Santa Cruz, Manila|Santa Cruz]], [[Manila]], [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands]], U.S.<ref name="death">[https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-266-12577-22318-10?cc=1686086&wc=SY8R-T36:129556401,130860801,131296401 Macario Sakay's Death Certificate]</ref>
| resting_place =
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| profession = [[Revolutionary]]<br/>[[Merchant]]<ref name="death"/>
| spouse =
| module = '''Criminal conviction'''{{Infobox criminal
| child = yes
| conviction = [[Banditry]]
| trial = Trial of Macario Sakay
| conviction_penalty = [[Capital punishment|Death by hanging]]
| conviction_status = [[Executed]]
}}
}}
 
'''Macario Sakay y de León''' (March 1, 18781870 – September 13, 1907) was a [[Filipino people|Filipino]] general who took part in the 1896 [[Philippine Revolution]] against the [[Spanish Empire]] and in the [[Philippine–American War]]. After the war was declared over by the [[United States]] in 1902, Sakay continued resistance by leading guerrilla raids. The following year he established the [[Tagalog Republic#Sakay|Tagalog Republic]] with himself as [[President of the Philippines|president]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Orlino A. Ochosa|title=Bandoleros: Outlawed Guerrillas of the Philippine–American War, 1903–1907|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSVxAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=New Day Publishers|isbn=978-971-10-0555-9|pages=55, 95–96}}</ref> Sakay was [[Capital punishment|executed by hanging]] in 1907.
 
==Early life==
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==After the capture of Aguinaldo==
Contrary to popular belief, the Philippine resistance to American rule did not end with the [[Emilio Aguinaldo#Capture and declaration of Aguinaldoallegiance to the U.S.|capture]] of General [[Emilio Aguinaldo]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marquez |first1=Elizabeth G. |title=My Country and My People 6 |publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc. |isbn=9789712322556 |page=211 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F24-tm6wG7UC&q=Resistance+of+Macario+Sakay&pg=PA211 |access-date=August 19, 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Several{{which|date=July 2023|there were some led by [[Vicente Lukbán]]; others? support?}} forces remained at large, including one led by Sakay.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Roces |first1=Alfredo R. |title=Filipino Heritage: The American colonial period (1900–1941) |date=1978 |publisher=Lahing Pilipino Pub. ; [Manila] |page=2322 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DsgRAQAAMAAJ |access-date=August 19, 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Sakay's rank and association within Aguinaldo's Revolutionary Government is unknown. When Aguinaldo surrendered to the US, Sakay seized the leadership of the revolution and declared himself Supreme President of the [[Tagalog Republic]]. He said this included all the islands of the Philippines from [[Luzon]] to [[Mindanao]]. Taking over the [[Morong, Rizal|Morong]]–[[Nueva Ecija]] command and assigning his deputies to take charge of the other Tagalog regions, Sakay wrote a constitution in which traitors, or supporters of the enemy, were to be punished with exile, imprisonment, or death. In May 1902, Sakay and his men declared open resistance to the US and conducted guerrilla raids that lasted for severalfive years.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Roces |first1=Alfredo R. |title=Filipino Heritage: The American colonial period (1900–1941) |date=1978 |publisher=Lahing Pilipino Pub. ; [Manila] |page=2323 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DsgRAQAAMAAJ |access-date=August 19, 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
 
==Tagalog Republic==
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==Legacy==
[[File:NHI 1993 Macario Sakay.jpg|thumb|upright|National historical marker installed in 1993 in Dolores, Quezon]]
 
* A life-sized statue of Sakay was unveiled at the Plaza Morga in [[Tondo, Manila|Tondo]], by the Manila Historical Heritage Commission on September 13, 2008, the 101st anniversary of his death.<ref>Carmen Guerrero Nakpil, [http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleid=398995 The mark of Sakay: The vilified hero of our war with America], ''The Philippine Star'', September 8, 2008</ref> That same month, the [[Senate of the Philippines|Senate]] adopted two separate resolutions honouring Sakay's life and his fellow freedom fighters for their contribution to the cause of independence.<ref>[http://www.senate.gov.ph/14th_congress/resolutions/resno121.pdf Resolution No. 121] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611171029/http://www.senate.gov.ph/14th_congress/resolutions/resno121.pdf |date=June 11, 2011 }}, Philippine Senate</ref><ref>[http://www.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/83927584!.pdf Resolution No. 623] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611171102/http://www.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/83927584%21.pdf |date=June 11, 2011 }}, Philippine Senate</ref>
* Camp General Macario Sakay in [[Los Baños, Laguna]] was named after the general in January 2016, when [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] Chief of Staff Gen. [[Hernando Iriberri]] issued General Order No. 30, changing the camp's name from Camp Eldridge, a name the camp had been given during the American occupation a century prior.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/92893/afp-action-rectifies-historical-injustice |title=AFP action rectifies historical injustice |author=Farolan, Ramon J. Farolan |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|access-date=October 23, 2016}}</ref>
 
==In popular culture==
* Sakay was noted for keeping long hair. His name is used in the Philippines to refer to persons needing a haircut.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Did Sakay Wear His Hair Long?|url=http://nhcp.gov.ph/why-did-sakay-wear-his-hair-long/|website=National Historical Commission of the Philippines|access-date=October 21, 2016}}</ref>
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[[Category:Executed presidents]]
[[Category:Filipino generals]]
[[Category:Anti-Americanism]]
[[Category:Anti-imperialists]]
[[Category:Filipino prisoners of war]]
[[Category:Katipunan members]]
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