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'''Pimpri-Chinchwad''', also known as '''PCMC''', is a city in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]]. The city is about {{cvt|15|km}} northwest of the historic city of [[Pune]], at an altitude of {{cvt|590|m||abbr=}} above sea level.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/location_info.php|title=PCMC {{!}} City Location|website=www.pcmcindia.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806044146/http://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/location_info.php|archive-date=6 August 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/pdf/DP_report_TP/New%20Villeges%20DP%20Report/DP.pdf|title=Development Plan - 2021 for the newly merged areas in PCMC|date=May 2000|website=Official Website of PCMC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331231708/https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/pdf/DP_report_TP/New%20Villeges%20DP%20Report/DP.pdf|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/pimpri-chinchwad-transformation-of-pune-s-satellite-city/168402|title=Pimpri-Chinchwad: Transformation of Pune's satellite city|access-date=2018-06-05|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615214552/http://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/article/pimpri-chinchwad-transformation-of-pune-s-satellite-city/168402|archive-date=15 June 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It is the fifth largest city in Maharashtra and the [[List of most populous cities in India|
== History ==
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The city experiences three seasons: summer, [[monsoon]] and winter. Typical summer months are February to May with maximum temperatures above 35 °C and reaching up to 42 °C on hotter days. The city receives most of its 722 mm of rainfall in the monsoon months of June to September. The temperature in the winter months of October to January ranges from 12 °C (min) to 30 °C (max), with night temperatures often falling below 10 °C.<ref name=DP /><ref name=Kadam2 />
Pimpri-Chinchwad has a [[tropical savanna climate|tropical wet and dry]] (type Aw) climate, with the characteristics of a [[hot semi-arid climate]] (type BSh) climate with average temperatures ranging between {{convert|20|and|28|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.indianjournals.com/downloads/ijn_broucher_2015.pdf | title=National Symposium on Nematode Management: A challenge to Indian Agriculture in the changing climate | publisher=Nematological Society of India and Indian Council of Agricultural Research | date=10 January 2015 | page=24 | access-date=16 September 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427160904/http://www.indianjournals.com/downloads/ijn_broucher_2015.pdf | archive-date=27 April 2018 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Typical summer months are from mid-March to mid-June, with maximum temperatures sometimes reaching {{convert|42|C|F}}. The warmest month in Pimpri-Chinchwad is May. The city often has heavy dusty winds in May, with humidity remaining high. Even during the hottest months, the nights are usually cool due to Pune's high altitude. The highest temperature recorded was {{convert|43.3|°C|°F|abbr=on}} on 30{{spaces}}April 1897.<ref>{{cite news |title = City sweats as mercury hits season's high |url =
The monsoon lasts from June to October, with moderate rainfall and temperatures ranging from {{convert|22|to|28|C|F}}. Most of the {{convert|722|mm|2|abbr=on}} of annual rainfall in the city falls between June and September, and July is the wettest month of the year. Hailstorms are not unheard of.
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As of the [[2011 Census of India]], the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation area had a population of 1,729,692.<ref name="PART_A_DCHB_PUNE 2011">{{Cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/820/download/2927/DH_2011_2725_PART_A_DCHB_PUNE.pdf |title=Census of India 2011 - Maharashtra - Series 28 - Part XII A - District Census Handbook, Pune |date=1 June 2014 |work=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121223400/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/27/2725_PART_A_DCHB_PUNE.pdf|archive-date=21 November 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all |pages=45, 48, 53, 60, 1246–1247}}</ref><!-- page 53 --> The [[Human sex ratio|sex ratio]] was 833 females per 1000 males.<ref name="PART_A_DCHB_PUNE 2011"/><!-- page 45 --> About 13% of the population was under seven years of age with a [[Human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 875 females per 1000 males.<ref name="PART_A_DCHB_PUNE 2011" /><!-- p53 says total population 1,729,692, p48 says 221,746 in age group 0-6 = 12.82% --> Around 8% of the city's population lives in slums.<ref name="PART_A_DCHB_PUNE 2011" /> Pimpri-Chinchwad has an average [[literacy]] rate of 89.22% (92.41% males; 85.37% females),<ref name="PART_A_DCHB_PUNE 2011" /><!-- page 60 --> higher than the national average of 74.04%.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Majid |first=Zulfikar |date=2020-09-19 |title=Jammu and Kashmir’s female literacy rate lower than all-India level |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/jammu-and-kashmir-s-female-literacy-rate-lower-than-all-india-level-889762.html |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The main language spoken in the city is [[Marathi language|Marathi]].<ref name=PCMCLocation /> There is a significant [[Sindhi people|Sindhi]] population in [[Pimpri]], which dates to the [[partition of India]] in 1947. The neighbourhood has considerable [[Hindi]], [[Malayalam]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] speaking population.<ref>Iyengar, A., 2013. ''Self-Perceptions of Heritage Language Shift among Young Sindhis in Pune'' (Doctoral dissertation, University of New England Armidale, NSW, Australia).</ref><ref>Kalamdani, K., 1993. "Pimpri Chinchwad". ''Architecture Plus Design'', 10(6), p.65.</ref>
{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Language in Pimpri-Chinchwad M. Corp (2011)<ref name="Language">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Maharashtra (Town level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10253/download/13365/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 70.30 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 14.16 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Kannada]] |value3 = 2.61 |color3 = darkslateblue
|label4 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value4 = 1.36 |color4 = steelblue
|label5 = [[Marwari language|Marwari]] |value5 = 1.27 |color5 = maroon
|label6 = [[Urdu]] |value6 = 1.23 |color6 = green
|label7 = [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] |value7 = 1.23 |color7 = limegreen
|label8 = [[Malayalam]] |value8 = 1.19 |color8 = cornflowerblue
|label9 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |value9 = 0.94 |color9 = skyblue
|other = y |other-label = Others |other-color = grey
}}
=== Religion ===
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|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Maharashtra|Hinduism]]|darkorange|84.21}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Maharashtra|Islam]]|green|6.91}}
{{bar percent|[[Marathi Buddhists|Buddhism]]|
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Maharashtra|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|2.09}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Maharashtra|Jainism]]|
{{bar percent|
}}
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* [[Alandi]] - The town attracts millions of devotees annually to the resting place or (Samadhi) of the 13th century Marathi Bhakti saint, Sant [[Dnyaneshwar]].<ref>Glushkova, Irina. "6 Object of worship as a free choice." Objects of Worship in South Asian Religions: Forms, Practices and Meanings 13 (2014).</ref>
* [[Dehu]] - The town on the banks of the indrayani river is associated with Sant Tukaram Maharaj,<ref>Maxine Bernsten (1988), The Experience of Hinduism: Essays on Religion in Maharashtra, State University of New York Press, {{ISBN|978-0887066627}}, pages 248-249</ref> the 17th-century poet-[[saint]] of the [[Bhakti movement]] in Maharashtra.<ref name=annaschultz>Anna Schultz (2012), Singing a Hindu Nation: Marathi Devotional Performance and Nationalism, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0199730834}}, page 26</ref> The town is visited by hundreds of thousands of people for the annual [[Pandharpur Wari]] when the paduka (symbolic sandals) of the saint are carried to [[Pandharpur]] in a palkhi.
== Economy ==
{{multiple image
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=== Air ===
{{Main|Pune International Airport|Chhatrapati Sambhaji Raje International Airport}}
The air gateway is the [[Pune International Airport]] located at [[Lohegaon]] which is about {{convert|19|km|abbr=on}} east of the neighborhood. It is operated by the [[Airports Authority of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pune.steci.org/about-pune-parish/pune-city/|title=Pune City|publisher=St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825091211/http://pune.steci.org/about-pune-parish/pune-city/|archive-date=25 August 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In addition to domestic flights to all major Indian cities, the airport serves international direct flights to [[Dubai]] (operated by [[Air India Express]]) and to [[Frankfurt]] (operated by [[Lufthansa]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/City-gears-up-for-its-first-allbiz-class-FrankfurtPune-flight/329609/|title=City gears up for its first all-biz class Frankfurt-Pune flight|author=Express News Service|date=1 July 2008|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314020349/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/City-gears-up-for-its-first-allbiz-class-FrankfurtPune-flight/329609/|archive-date=14 March 2012|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-12-13/pune/27843652_1_pune-direct-flight-civil-aviation-minister|title=Pune goes global|date=13 December 2005|access-date=2 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105184037/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-12-13/pune/27843652_1_pune-direct-flight-civil-aviation-minister|archive-date=5 November 2012|url-status=dead|work=[[The Times of India]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref> As of 2021, it is the 2nd busiest airport in the state and 13th busiest airport in India. The airport is awarded as best airport by hygiene measures in [[Asia-Pacific]] in 2020 by [[Airports Council International]].<ref>aci.aero/customer-experience-asq/asq-awards-and-recognition/asq-awards/current-winner-2020/best-hygiene-measures/</ref>
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It is well connected to neighbouring cities via several highways. It has a 633-km long extensive network of roads connecting its various neighbourhoods. The [[National Highway 48 (India)|NH 48]] runs throughout the city and serves as the main connecting link for the PCMC and PMC. After the [[Mumbai–Pune Expressway]] was opened in 2002, this road came to be known as Old Mumbai–Pune Road. It starts in the suburb of [[Shivajinagar, Pune|Shivajinagar]] (earlier Bhamburde) and passes through the suburbs of [[Khadki]] cantonment, Bopodi, [[Dapodi]], [[Kasarwadi]], [[Pimpri]], [[Chinchwad]], [[Nigdi]], [[Dehu Road]] cantonment, [[Kivale]], Mamurdi, [[Gahunje]], [[Talegaon Dabhade]], and [[Vadgaon Maval]] all the way up to [[Mumbai]].The [[National Highway 60 (India)|NH 60]] originates at Nashik Phata at [[Kasarwadi]] is another important road passes through the suburbs of [[Kasarwadi]], [[Bhosari]], [[Chikhli, Maharashtra|Chikhli]], [[Moshi, Maharashtra|Moshi]], Chimbali, and [[Chakan, Maharashtra|Chakan]] all the way up to [[Nashik]]. The [[Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope]] in [[Khodad]] is off this road. The Pimpri-Chinchwad link road connects the suburbs of [[Pimpri]] and [[Chinchwad]], as one of the alternative roads to Mumbai–Pune Road. The [[Mumbai Pune Expressway]] that originates at Kiwale just outside the city, is India's first 6-[[lane]] wide concrete, access-controlled [[tollway|tolled]] expressway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/projects/mumbai/ |title=Mumbai-Pune Expressway, India |publisher=Road Traffic Technology |access-date=2010-08-21}}</ref> It spans a distance of 94.5 km connecting [[Mumbai]], the capital of Maharashtra state and the financial capital of [[India]], with [[Pune]], the cultural and educational capital of Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rs 7,000-cr project to add more lanes to expressway, NH-4 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/rs-7000-cr-project-to-add-more-lanes-to-expressway-nh-4/|access-date=21 November 2015|work=The Indian express|agency=Express News Agency|date=6 February 2015}}</ref> The expressway, which was fully operationalized in 2002, introduced new levels of speed and safety in automobile transportation to Indian roads.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punediary.com/html/eway.html |title=Expressway pune mumbai pune, mumbai pune mumbai, express high way nh-4 national highway no4 |publisher=Punediary.com |access-date=2010-08-21}}</ref> It is one of India's busiest roads.<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/mumbai-pune-expressway-may-soon-have-eight-lanes/articleshow/18642402.cms | work=The Times of India| title=Mumbai-Pune expressway may soon have eight lanes | date=23 February 2013}}</ref>
A [[Pune Ring Road|ring road]] is being planned for the convenience of heavy traffic.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/centre-allocates-rs-2-468-crore-for-pune-s-ring-road-project/story-tNahKK43LCQee04O97xP4L.html|title=Centre allocates Rs.2,468 crore for Pune's ring road project|date=2018-02-13|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2018-05-06|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507092206/https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/centre-allocates-rs-2-468-crore-for-pune-s-ring-road-project/story-tNahKK43LCQee04O97xP4L.html|archive-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/in-3-years-pmrda-has-transformed-pune-says-girish-bapat/story-NFfqiRdDn5ZdqUPkL5CghN.html|title=PMRDA has transformed Pune in three years, says Girish Bapat|date=2018-04-10|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2018-05-06|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506173733/https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/in-3-years-pmrda-has-transformed-pune-says-girish-bapat/story-NFfqiRdDn5ZdqUPkL5CghN.html|archive-date=6 May 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=
====Bus service====
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[[Durga Tekdi]] and [[Nigdi|Bhakti-Shakti]] are one of main public parks in Pune. The Bhakti Shakti garden hosted the second largest [[Flag of India|national flag of India]] at 351 ft. The [[Thergaon|Boat Club Garden, Thergaon]] on the bank of Pawana River hosts kids play area, toy train ride, 15 meter high watch tower, boating and rafting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/tourisum.php|title=PCMC {{!}} Tourism|website=www.pcmcindia.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011700/https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/tourisum.php|archive-date=12 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The city also has a zoo named after Nisargakavi [[Bahinabai Chaudhari]] in [[Chinchwad|Chinchwad East]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/pcmc-run-bahinabai-chaudhary-zoo-at-akurdi/articleshow/6502698.cms|title=PCMC run Bahinabai Chaudhary zoo at Akurdi|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606131207/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/PCMC-run-Bahinabai-Chaudhary-zoo%20at%20Chinchwad/articleshow/6502698.cms|archive-date=6 June 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/nagpur-vidarbha-news/nagpur/the-zoo-museum-will-be-updated/articleshow/63599574.cms|title=प्राणी संग्रहालय अद्ययावत करणार -Maharashtra Times|date=2018-04-04|work=Maharashtra Times|access-date=2018-05-11|language=mr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512113627/https://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/nagpur-vidarbha-news/nagpur/the-zoo-museum-will-be-updated/articleshow/63599574.cms|archive-date=12 May 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A lake garden is also located close to the zoo called the Bird Valley because of the water birds like cranes which come migrating here.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/MIRRORNEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=MIRRORNEW&BaseHref=PMIR%2F2011%2F02%2F07&ViewMode=HTML&PageLabel=6&EntityId=Ar00600&AppName=1|title=No birds in this valley|last=Nangia|first=Tarun|date=2011-02-11|work=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512044238/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/MIRRORNEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=MIRRORNEW&BaseHref=PMIR%2F2011%2F02%2F07&ViewMode=HTML&PageLabel=6&EntityId=Ar00600&AppName=1|archive-date=12 May 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://trekbook.in/2018/05/bird-valley-udyan.html/|title=Bird Valley Udyan|last=Pathak|first=Mahesh|date=2018-05-23|website=trekbook.in|access-date=2018-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524005453/http://trekbook.in/2018/05/bird-valley-udyan.html/|archive-date=24 May 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Appu Ghar also known as Indira Gandhi Udyan is an amusement park located in the Pradhikaran area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.appugharpune.com/|title=Home {{!}} Appu Ghar|website=Home {{!}} Appu Ghar|language=en|access-date=2018-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512044624/https://www.appugharpune.com/|archive-date=12 May 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/photo_gallery.php?T=A|title=PCMC {{!}} Photo Gallery|website=www.pcmcindia.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011054/https://www.pcmcindia.gov.in/photo_gallery.php?T=A|archive-date=12 February 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
[[Pimpri Chinchwad Science Park]], Pune is one of the latest tourist attraction and activity based Science Centre of Pune region. The Science Centre houses Galleries on different themes of Science & Technology, Activity area, Inflatable Taramandal and an Auditorium. It also has an open air Science Park spread over 3.
===Recreation===
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* Vidya Niketan School
* Wisdom World School, [[Wakad]]
* Amrita Vidyalayam, [[Nigdi]]
=== Colleges ===
| |||