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{{Short description|Steamboat and ferry company, founded 1898}}
[[File:Flyer (steamboat) advertisement.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Advertisement for steamboat ''Flyer'', published sometime between 1891 and 1911]]▼
[[File:MV COHO.JPG|thumb|MV ''Coho'' in [[Victoria Harbour (British Columbia)|Victoria Harbour, British Columbia, Canada]]]]
The '''Puget Sound Navigation Company''' (PSNC) was founded by
==History==
[[File:House Flag of Puget Sound Navigation Company (1898-1927).svg|thumb|150px|First [[house flag]] of Puget Sound Navigation Company (1898–1927)]]
[[File:House Flag of Puget Sound Navigation Company (1927-c.1959).svg|thumb|150px|The Black Ball flag (1927-c.1959)]]
[[File:
[[File:Columbia River and Puget Sound Navigation Co 1906 Ad.jpg|thumb|Advertisement of 1906]]
▲[[File:Flyer (steamboat) advertisement.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Advertisement for steamboat ''Flyer'', published sometime between 1891 and 1911]]
In the past, the company operated an entire fleet of steamboats and [[ferry|ferries]] on [[Puget Sound]] in [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] and the [[Georgia Strait]] in [[British Columbia]]. Known colloquially as the '''Black Ball Line''', the PSNC achieved a "virtual monopoly" on cross-sound traffic in the 1930s and competed with the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]]'s steamships on several routes.<ref name="Stein2001">{{cite web|url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3325|title=The Sound and the Ferry: The Birth of Washington State Ferries|author=Alan J. Stein|date=June 1, 2001|publisher=HistoryLink|access-date=2007-12-25}}</ref>
The company's trade name was inspired by the [[Black_Ball_Line_(trans-Atlantic_packet)|Black Ball Line]] which began scheduled passenger and freight service in 1818 with four sailing ships between New York and Liverpool.<ref name=comm>1818-2018: 200 years of Black Ball History, Black Ball Ferry Line, 2018</ref> In 1884, the grandson of one of the founders, Charles Peabody, moved to Port Townsend Washington. Under modified Black Ball flag, he began the Alaska Steamship Company.<ref name=comm/>
Before 1927, when the company was controlled by [[Joshua Green (businessman)|Joshua Green]], the house flag consisted of a design by Mrs. Green, a red star on a white diamond on a blue background. After 1927, when Joshua Green sold his interest to the Peabody family, the Black Ball company flag was transferred over to Puget Sound Navigation Co., and the company became known as the Black Ball Line.<ref>Newell, Gordon R., ed., ''H.W. McCurdy Marine History of the Pacific Northwest'', at 87, n.2, Superior Publishing, Seattle, WA 1966 {{ISBN|0-87564-220-9}}</ref>
PSNC began to struggle following [[World War II]], as operating costs increased
▲[[File:BlackBallNew.svg|thumb|left|110px|The new Black Ball flag]]
▲PSNC began to struggle following [[World War II]], as operating costs increased and its unions threatened strike action. PSNC petitioned the State Utilities Commission for permission to raise its fares, but was rebuffed. Following a long series of court battles, PSNC's unionized employees finally called a strike. The company responded not by hiring strike breakers, but by halting operations, hoping public pressure would convince the State to permit a fare increase. The State declined to intervene, and PSNC eventually sold its domestic operations assets to the state of Washington's Department of Transportation for the sum of $4.9 million in early 1951, creating [[Washington State Ferries]] on May 31.<ref name=Stein2001/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/ferries/your_wsf/index.cfm?fuseaction=our_history|title=Washington State Ferries History/Creation of WSF|publisher=Washington State Department of Transportation|url-status=dead|access-date=2007-05-14|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BT972AUA?url=http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/ferries/yourwsf|archive-date=2012-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5081|title=Washington State Ferries begins operations on June 1, 1951|access-date=2007-12-25|date=January 20, 2003|author=Alan J. Stein|publisher=HistoryLink}}</ref>
PSNC retained the assets used in their Canadian operations and, after the 1951 downsizing, operated a much-reduced fleet of five ships as Black Ball Ferries, Ltd. on routes between [[Vancouver]] and [[Nanaimo]], and across [[Howe Sound]] and [[Jervis Inlet]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.garylittle.ca/history/blackball.html|title=Black Ball Ferries 1951-1961|publisher=Gary Little|access-date=2011-08-11}}</ref> The first all-Canadian route began on August 11, 1951 and was between Horseshoe Bay (in West Vancouver) and Gibsons Landing on BC's Sunshine Coast. In November 1961, this company sold most of its assets to [[BC Ferries]], which had commenced operations in June 1960 as a division of the British Columbia Toll Highways and Bridges Authority, a [[Crown corporation]] of the British Columbia provincial government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bcferries.bc.ca/corporate/history/milestones.html|title=BC Ferries: Our History|publisher=BC Ferries|access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref><ref name="Blackball">{{cite web|url=https://www.cohoferry.com/BlackBallHistory|title=History of Black Ball Ferry Line|publisher=Black Ball Ferry Line|access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref>
The current descendant of the Black Ball Line is Black Ball Ferry Line, which currently operates only one route across the [[Strait of Juan de Fuca]], between [[Port Angeles, Washington|Port Angeles]] and [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]], using the [[MV Coho|MV ''Coho'']], built in 1959.<ref name=comm />
Originally Black Ball Line had a second service known as Black Ball Freight Service which was a subsidiary of the Puget Sound Navigation. It is unclear when the subsidiary was created. In 1936 R.J. Acheson purchased the subsidiary. In 1952, Acheson and his wife organized a new subsidiary of Black Ball Freight Service, naming it Black Ball Transport, Inc. By 2008 Black Ball Transport was renamed to its current name. Black Ball Freight Service ended in 2008. ==Acquisitions ==
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{{Reflist}}
==
* {{Commons category-inline|Puget Sound Navigation Company}}
*{{official|https://www.cohoferry.com/}}
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{{Coord|48|24|9.12|N|123|23|59.39|W|display=title}}
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