Hendrick ter Brugghen: Difference between revisions

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| birth_name =

| birth_date = 1588

| birth_place = [[The Hague]]

| death_date = 1 November {{Death year and age|1629|1588}}

| death_place = [[Utrecht]]

| field known_for = [[Painting]]

| works notable_works = ''[[Saint Sebastian Tended by Irene (Ter Brugghen)|Saint Sebastian Tended by Irene]]''<br/>''[[The Denial of Saint Peter (Hendrick ter Brugghen)|The Denial of Saint Peter]]''<br/>''[[Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John|The Crucifixion with the Virgin and St. John]]''

| patrons =

'''Hendrick Jansz ter Brugghen''' (or '''Terbrugghen''') (1588 – 1 November 1629) was a painter[[Dutch atpeople|Dutch]] the startpainter of [[Dutchgenre Goldenscenes Ageand painting]]religious andsubjects. a leadingHe memberwas one of the Dutch followers of [[Caravaggio]]–the – the so-called ''[[Utrecht Caravaggism|Utrecht Caravaggisti]]''. Along with [[Gerrit van Honthorst|Gerrit van Hondhorst]] and [[Dirck van Baburen]], Ter Brugghen was one of the most important Dutch painters to have been influenced by Caravaggio.<ref name=Liedtke>{{cite book|last=Liedtke|first=Walter|title=Dutch Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Volumes 1-2|year=2007|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York|isbn=9781588392732|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jtnQ7PIT8mcC}}</ref>

[[File:Hendrick ter Brugghen (Dutch - Bacchante with an Ape - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|''Bacchante with an Ape'' (1627), 100 x 90&nbsp;cm, [[Getty Museum]], [[Los Angeles]]]]

[[File:BrugghenDoubtingThomas.jpeg|thumb|''The Incredulity of St. Thomas'' (c. 1621&mdashndash;1623), 108.8 x 136.5&nbsp;cm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam]]

No references to Ter Brugghen written during his life have been identified.<ref name=Nicolson>{{cite book|last=Nicolson|first=Benedict|title=Hendrick Terbrugghen|year=1958|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff|location=The Hague|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=72Y4QwAACAAJ}}</ref> His father Jan Egbertsz ter Brugghen, originally from [[Overijssel]], had moved to Utrecht, where he was appointed secretary to the Court of Utrecht by the Prince of Orange, [[William the Silent]]. He had been married to Sophia Dircx. In 1588, he became bailiff to the Provincial Council of Holland in The Hague, where Hendrick was born.<ref name=Liedtke/>

The earliest brief reference to the painter is in ''[[Het Gulden Cabinet]]'' (1661) of [[Cornelis de Bie]], where he is mistakenly referred to as ''Verbrugghen''.<ref name=DeBie>{{cite book|last=de Bie|first=Cornelis|title=Het gulden Cabinet vande edel vry schilder const, inhoudende den lof vande vermarste schilders, architecte, beldthowers ende plaetsnyders van dese eeuw|year=1661|publisher=Jan Meyssens|location=Belgium|page=132|url=https://booksarchive.google.comorg/details/books?id=3pFbAAAAQAAJbub_gb_3pFbAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Another short account is found in the ''[[Teutsche Academie]]'' (1675) by [[Joachim von Sandrart]], where he is referred to as ''Verbrug''. Here we learn that he studied with [[Abraham Bloemaert]], a [[Mannerist]] painter. Sandrart also refers to the painter's "tiefsinnige, jedoch, schwermütige Gedanken in seinen Werken" [profound, but melancholic thoughts in his works].<ref name=Sandrart>{{cite book|last=Von Sandrart|first=Joachim|title=Teutsche Academie der Edlen Bau, Bild- und Mahlerey-Künste|year=1675|pages=303, 308}}</ref>

Cornelis de Bie, in his ''Spiegel vande Verdrayde Werelt'' (1708),<ref name=DeBie1708>{{cite book|last=De Bie|first=Cornelis|title=Den spiegel vande verdrayde werelt: te sien in den bedriegelijcken handel, sotte, en ongeregelde manieren van het al te broos menschen leven|year=1708|publisher=Joannes Paulus Robyns|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Den_spiegel_vande_verdrayde_werelt_te_si.html?hl=nl&id=pWcTAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> and [[Arnold Houbraken]], in his ''[[The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters|De Groote Schouburgh]]'' (1718-17211718–1721),<ref name=Houbraken>{{cite book|last=Houbraken|first=Arnold|title=De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen|year=1718–1721|publisher=Arnold Houbraken|pages=134–136|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/houb005groo01_01/houb005groo01_01_0060.php}}</ref> produced biographies where they repeated Richard's claims that the painter met Rubens in Rome and also worked in Naples.<ref name=Slatkes>{{cite book|last=Slatkes|first=Leonard|title=The Paintings of Hendrick ter Brugghen (1588-1629): Catalogue Raisonné|year=2007|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|location=Amsterdam|isbn=9789027249616|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PrjqAAAAMAAJ|author2=Wayne Franits}}</ref> There was a cadet of the same name serving in the army of [[Ernest Casimir I, Count of Nassau-Dietz|Ernst Casimir]] of Nassau-Dietz in the spring of 1607, and for this reason, Ter Brugghen is thought to have been in Italy, but only in that year, rather than as previously believed in 1604 (inferred as it was from the inscription on the Bodart print). This would certainly mean that he never met Caravaggio in Rome; that artist had fled Rome on a murder charge in 1606. However, it is certain that he was the only Dutch painter in Rome during Caravaggio's lifetime.<ref name=Liedtke/>

Upon returning to Utrecht, he worked with [[Gerard van Honthorst]], another of the Dutch Caravaggisti. Ter Brugghen's favourite subjects were half-length figures of drinkers or musicians, but he also produced larger-scale religious images and group portraits. He carried with him Caravaggio's influence, and his paintings have a strong dramatic use of light and shadow, as well as emotionally charged subjects. Even though he died young, his work was well received and had great influence on others. His treatment of religious subjects can be seen reflected in the work of [[Rembrandt]], and elements of his style can also be found in the paintings of [[Frans Hals]] and [[Johannes Vermeer]]. [[Peter Paul Rubens]] described ter Brugghen's work as "...above that of all the other Utrecht artists".

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File:Hendrick ter Brugghen - Unequal Couple - WGA22185TerbrugghenAmantsinegaux.jpg|''Unequal Couple'', c. 1623

== References ==

*{{Commons category -inline|Hendrick ter Brugghen}}

*[http://www.whitfieldfineart.com/works-for-sale/hendrick-ter-brugghen Whitfield Fine Art, London] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402141003/http://www.whitfieldfineart.com/works-for-sale/hendrick-ter-brugghen/ |date=2 April 2016 }}

*[http://www.getty.edu/art/collections/bio/a591-1.html The Getty] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051020144004/http://www.getty.edu/art/collections/bio/a591-1.html The|date=20 Getty]October 2005 }}

*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140725173337/http://www.artwis.com/articles/did-hendrick-ter-brugghen-revisit-italy-notes-from-an-unknown-manuscript-by-cornelis-de-bie/ Did Hendrick ter Brugghen revisit Italy? Notes from an unknown manuscript by Cornelis de Bie]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brugghen, Hendrick Terter}}

[[Category:ArtistsPainters from Utrecht (city)]]