Philippines–Vietnam relations: Difference between revisions

The '''Philippines–Vietnam relations''' refers to the bilateral relations of the [[Republic of the Philippines]] and the [[Socialist Republic of Vietnam]]. Since the end of the [[Cold War]], relations between the two countries have warmed significantly. [[Vietnam]] is sometimes referred to as the only communist military ally of the [[Philippines]], especially after Vietnam joined ASEAN in 1995. Both nations have cooperated in the fields of education, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture, trade, and defense. Additionally, both nations have similar positions on the [[Territorial disputes in the South China Sea|South China Sea]] issue]], with [[Vietnam]] backing the [[Philippines|Philippine]] victory in the ICC against [[China]], and the [[Philippines]] backing to a certain extent the claim of [[Vietnam]] in the [[Paracel Islands|Paracels]]. Both nations have overlapping claims in the [[Spratly Islands|Spratlys]], but have never made military confrontations as both view each other as diplomatic allies and [[ASEAN]] brethren.

Relations between the [[Philippines]] and [[Vietnam]] began centuries ago. There was proof that inhabitants of both countries were already involved in maritime trade prior to the arrival of Europeans. Ships from [[Luzon]] in the Philippine archipelago came to the great port of Vietnam in the [[Gulf of Tonkin]] to trade.

By 2000–15001500 BC, Jade[[jade]] that was [[Philippine jade culture|manufactured in the Philippines]] using raw materials from Taiwan, ended up in Vietnamese ports.<ref>Bellwood, P., H. Hung, H., Lizuka, Y. (2011). Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction. Semantic Scholar.</ref> Likewise, by 1000 BC, bronze drums from the [[Dong Son Culture]] in Hanoi, were exported to ports in the Philippines.<ref>Nola Cooke, Tana Li, James Anderson - The Tongking Gulf Through History - Page 46 2011 -"Nishimura actually suggested the Đông Sơn phase belonged in the late metal age, and some other Japanese scholars argued that, contrary to the conventional belief that the Han invasion ended Đông Sơn culture, Đông Sơn artifacts, ..."</ref><ref>Vietnam Fine Arts Museum 2000 "... the bronze cylindrical jars, drums, Weapons and tools which were sophistically carved and belonged to the World famous Đông Sơn culture dating from thousands of years; the Sculptures in the round, the ornamental architectural Sculptures...."</ref>

The [[Chams]] who then migrated to the [[Sulu]] archipelago, home of the then Hindu would-be [[Sulu Sultanate]]. These Chams in southwestern Philippines were called Orang Dampuan.<ref>[https://archive.today/20161123131111/https://www.wattpad.com/5944709-history-of-the-philippines-chapter-3-our-early https://tekalong.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/chps-1-3.pdf]</ref> Champa and Sulu engaged in commerce with each other which resulted in merchant Chams settling in Sulu during the 10th-13th centuries. The Orang Dampuan were slaughtered by envious native Sulu Buranuns due to the wealth of the Orang Dampuan.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Filipino Moving Onward 5' 2007 Ed.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SIq_FvJUr40C&q=Orang+Dampuans&pg=RA3-PA18-IA1|publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc.|isbn=978-971-23-4154-0|pages=3–}}</ref> The Buranun were then subjected to retaliatory slaughter by the Orang Dampuan. Harmonious commerce between Sulu and the Orang Dampuan was later restored.<ref>{{cite book|title=Philippine History Module-based Learning I' 2002 Ed.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ITLRpPrrcykC&q=Orang+Dampuans&pg=PA39|publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc.|isbn=978-971-23-3449-8|pages=39–}}</ref> The Yakans were descendants of the Taguima-based Orang Dampuan who came to Sulu from Champa.<ref>{{cite book|title=Philippine History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gUt5v8ET4QYC&q=Orang+Dampuans&pg=PA46|year=2004|publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc.|isbn=978-971-23-3934-9|pages=46–}}</ref> Sulu received civilization in its Indic form from the Orang Dampuan.<ref>{{cite book|title=Study Skills in English for a Changing World' 2001 Ed.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2H0KWiOADLQC&q=Orang+Dampuans&pg=PA23|publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc.|isbn=978-971-23-3225-8|pages=23–}}</ref>

During the transition from the Precolonialprecolonial to Colonialcolonial eras, both the Philippines and Vietnam witnessed the actions of the [[Pirates of the South China Coast]] and how Fujianese pirates and [[Wokou]]s from Japan intervened in the political, military and commercial affairs of the Vietnamese coast and Philippine archipelago.<ref>{{Cite book |last= Murray |first= Dian H. |title= Pirates of the South China Coast, 1790-1810 |publisher= Stanford University Press |year= 1987 |isbn= 0-8047-1376-6}}</ref>

==Philippine-Vietnam relations during the Cold War==

{{see also|Philippines–South Vietnam relations}}{{Infobox bilateral relations|Philippines–South Vietnam|Philippines|South Vietnam|flagvariant1=1936|filetype=svg}}[[File:PHILCAG in South Vietnam.jpg|thumb|left|Members of the [[Philippine Civic Action Group]] (PHILCAG) arriving in [[Tay Ninh]] who were assisting the [[Government of South Vietnam|South Vietnamese government]] in the [[Vietnam War]].]]

The [[Philippines]] was initially aligned with [[South Vietnam]] and provided them humanitarian aid in the [[Vietnam War]].

Before the [[Fall of Saigon]], which preludes the disestablishment of [[South Vietnam]], the [[Philippines]] was already preparing to establish relations with [[North Vietnam]]. [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos]] authorised his wife, [[First Spouse of the Philippines|First Lady]] [[Imelda Marcos]], to make direct contacts while she was conducting state visits to Middle-eastern countries in early 1975. The communist takeover of [[Cambodia]] and the impending defeat of South Vietnamese forces led [[Manila]] to establish ties with [[Hanoi]]. The move was not seen as surprising as it was in line with [[Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos]]' foreign policy to strengthen ties with socialist states in order to broaden economic and trade ties.<ref name="asianstudies" />

On July 9, 1976, Vietnam Deputy Foreign Minister Phan Hien arrived in [[Manila]] to discuss the formal establishment of ties between the two countries. On July 12, 1976, formal relations were finally established with the [[Philippines]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dfa.gov.ph/main/index.php/news-from-rp-embassies/3438-phl-vietnam-celebrate-35th-anniversary-of-bilateral-relations-in-hanoi-and-ho-chi-minh-city |title=Phl, Vietnam Celebrate 35th Anniversary of Bilateral Relations in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City |publisher=Dfa.gov.ph |date=2011-07-18 |access-date=2012-06-09}}</ref> the fourth country in the [[ASEAN]] to establish relations with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam after Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore. The Philippines and Vietnam opened their respective embassies in 1978.<ref name="asianstudies" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vietnamembassy-philippines.org/en/nr070521165956/news_object_view?newsPath=/vnemb.vn/cn_vakv/ca_tbd/nr040819104120/ns071212135334 |title=Vietnam Embassy in Philippines - Bilateral relations |publisher=Vietnamembassy-philippines.org |access-date=2013-09-04}}</ref>

Among the first problems to test the relation between the two countries was the repatriation of 14 Filipinos and 10 Vietnamese families who were still in the [[Saigon|cityHo ofChi HồMinh Chí MinhCity]], attempts of [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]] nationals to illegally enter the [[Philippines]] by claiming themselves to be members of Filipino families, and the involvement of [[Filipinos]] in the black market was received by the Philippine embassy. These issues hampered relations until the early 1980s.<ref name="asianstudies" />

[[File:Bilateral Meeting between Pres. Aquino and President Nguyen Minh Triet of Vietnam.jpg|thumb|[[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Benigno Aquino III]] (left) and [[President of Vietnam|President]] [[NguyenNguyễn Minh TrietTriết]] during a bilateral meeting in 2010]]

Despite Vietnam's alignment with the [[Soviet Union]] and the Philippines with the United States during the Cold War, bilateral ties between the two countries can be recently described as friendly. On October 26, 2011, [[Vietnamese President]] [[Truong Tan Sang]] made a state visit to the Philippines where he met with his Filipino counterpart, [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Benigno Aquino III]]. The two countries signed four agreements on naval, coast guard and tourism as part of the Philippine-Vietnam Action Plan 2011&ndash;2016 framework.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://asiasociety.org/centers/philippines/news/vietnamese-president-visits-philippines |title=Vietnamese President visits the Philippines |publisher=Asia Society |date=2011-10-26 |access-date=2012-06-09 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zambotimes.com/archives/38896-Aquino-hopes-for-stronger-Philippines-Vietnam-relations.html |title=Aquino hopes for stronger Philippines-Vietnam relations |publisher=ZamboTimes |access-date=2012-06-09}}</ref><ref name=businessmirror>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/home/perspective/18568-sang-vietnam-is-a-reliable-friend |title=Sang: Vietnam is a reliable friend |publisher=Businessmirror.com.ph |date=2011-10-29 |access-date=2012-06-09 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A Memorandum of Understanding agreement supported information sharing between the [[Philippine Navy]] and the [[Vietnam People's Navy]].<ref name=golbalnation>{{cite news|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/16517/philippines-vietnam-forge-naval-agreement-on-spratlys |title=Philippines, Vietnam forge naval agreement on Spratlys|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=2011-10-27 |access-date=2012-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/355849/philippines-vietnam-set-military-exercises |title=Philippines, Vietnam Set Military Exercises|work=Manila Bulletin|date=2012-03-30 |access-date=2012-06-09}}</ref>

=== [[Territorial disputes in the South China Sea|Disputes disputesin the South China Sea]] ===

The Philippines and Vietnam have territorial disputes over the [[Spratly Islands]], amongalong with [[Brunei]], [[China]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Taiwan]]. The Philippines and Vietnam both disapprove of China's [[nine-dash map]] which China uses as justification for its claim in the [[South China Sea]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/255144/news/nation/aquino-chinas-nine-dash-line-is-the-problem-in-west-phl-sea |title=Aquino: China's 'nine-dash line' is the problem in West PHL Sea|work=GMA News|date=2012-04-16 |access-date=2012-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jamandre |first=Tessa |url=http://ph.news.yahoo.com/blogs/the-inbox/ph-protests-china-9-dash-line-claim-over-20110413-064347-870.html |title=PH protests China's '9-dash line' claim over Spratlys|publisher=Ph.news.yahoo.com |date=2011-04-13 |access-date=2012-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/top-stories/23361-vietnamese-intellectuals-back-ph-panatag-claim |title=Vietnamese intellectuals back PH Panatag claim |work=The Manila Times|date=2012-05-22 |access-date=2012-06-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525090934/http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/news/top-stories/23361-vietnamese-intellectuals-back-ph-panatag-claim |archive-date=2012-05-25 }}</ref> Both countries were also committed to a multilateral diplomatic approach to the resolution of disputes in the South China Sea with the [[UNCLOS]] taken into account.<ref name=golbalnation />

In December 2015, pirates believed to be from the [[Moro Pirates]], rogue Muslim Filipinos wanted for war crimes in the [[Philippines]], murdered a Vietnamese fisherman in the [[South China Sea]], which sparked a strong protest from the Vietnamese side. The event also sparked outrage from the Philippine side, who was persecuting the wanted criminals who may have been influenced by [[Islamic terrorism]]. Both [[Vietnam]] and the [[Philippines]] have upheld a variety of international agreements against [[terrorism]] in the region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/a/killing-of-vietnamese-fisherman-in-contested-waters-sparks-outrage/3083175.html|title=Killing of Vietnamese Fisherman in Contested Waters Sparks Outrage|author=Trung Nguyen|publisher=Voice of America|date=1 December 2015|access-date=11 November 2016|quote=Earlier Phan Huy Hoang, chairman of Quang Ngai Association of Fisheries, said the fishermen told him that Philippine bandits might be involved in the case. For sure, they are foreign attackers, but their nationality is not known yet.}}<br />* {{cite web|url=http://www.dtinews.vn/en/news/017004/42842/fishing-association-claims-filipino-boat-crew-shot-dead-vietnamese-fisherman.html|title=Fishing association claims Filipino boat crew shot dead Vietnamese fisherman|publisher=Dantri News International|date=2 December 2015|access-date=11 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114233118/http://www.dtinews.vn/en/news/017004/42842/fishing-association-claims-filipino-boat-crew-shot-dead-vietnamese-fisherman.html|archive-date=2016-11-14|url-status=dead}}<br />* {{cite web|url=http://tuoitrenews.vn/society/31987/vietnam-orders-investigation-into-shooting-of-fisherman-in-vietnamese-waters|title=Vietnam orders investigation into shooting death of fisherman in Vietnamese waters|publisher=Tuổi Trẻ|date=2 December 2015|access-date=11 November 2016|quote=A local fishery association has said the murderers were Filipinos.}}</ref>

In 2016, after a legal battle in [[The Hague]], the International Court of Justice of the United Nations ruled in favor of all arguments of the [[Philippines]] against [[China]]'s claims in the [[South China Sea]], effectively nullifying [[China]]'s claims in the international legal arena. However, [[China]] waived the international court's ruling despite being a signatory with respect to international laws and UNCLOS and sent more military vessels to the [[South China Sea]], replacing corals reefs with man-made islands that house military bases and missile launchers. [[Vietnam]] formally supported the [[Philippines]] in its [[China v. Philippines|arbitration case against China]] regarding China's [[Nine-dotted line|nine-dash claim]] over the [[South China Sea]] in the entirety of the case.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thu |first=Huong Le |title=Rough Waters Ahead for Vietnam-China Relations |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/09/30/rough-waters-ahead-for-vietnam-china-relations-pub-82826 |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |language=en}}</ref>

In August 2017, Vietnam pushed for the inclusion of a stronger statement against Chinese activities in the [[South China Sea]].{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

On November 23, 2014, two frigates from the [[Vietnamese People’s Navy|Vietnamese People's Navy]] made its first port call to the [[Philippines]]. Vessels [[HQ-011 Dinh Tien Hoang]] and [[HQ-012 Ly Thai To]] docked at the [[Manila South Harbor]] for a goodwill visit which lasted three days. The move was initiated by former [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Benigno Aquino III]].<ref name=portvisit>{{cite news|author1=Mai Thanh Hai|title=Vietnamese warships make first-ever port call to Philippines|url=http://www.thanhniennews.com/politics/vietnamese-warships-make-firstever-port-call-to-philippines-34489.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216132459/http://www.thanhniennews.com/politics/vietnamese-warships-make-firstever-port-call-to-philippines-34489.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 16, 2014|access-date=31 December 2014|publisher=Thanh Nien News|date=25 November 2014}}</ref>

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| {{convert|276.03319|/sqkm|/sqmi|abbr=on}}

| '''[[History of the Philippines (1521–1898)|Spanish Colonial Period]] (1521–18981565–1898)<br />{{flagicon image|Long red right-pointing triangle.jpg|size=28px}} [[Tondo (historical polity)|Tondo Dynasty]]''' (900–1589)<br />'''{{flagdeco|Philippines|1875|size=28px}} [[SpanishCaptaincy EastGeneral Indiesof the Philippines]]''' (1565–1898)<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Sovereign Tagalog Nation.svg|size=28px}} [[Tagalog Republic#Bonifacio|Republic of the Tagalog People]] (1896–1897)<hr /><hr />'''[[History of the Philippines (1898–1946)|American Colonial Period]] (1898–1946)'''<br />'''{{flagdeco|United States|19121896|size=28px}} [[United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands|Government of]] [[InsularMilitary Government of the Philippine Islands|the Philippine Islands]]''' (1898–19351898–1902)<br />{{flag|First Philippine Republic|name=Philippine Republic|size=28px}} (1899–1902)<br />{{flagdeco|Philippines|1919|size=28px}} [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands]] (1902–1935)<br />'''{{flagdeco|Philippines|1936|size=28px}} [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]]''' (1935–1946)<br />{{flag|Second Philippine Republic|name=Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic|size=28px}} (1943–1945)<hr /><hr />'''[[History of the Philippines#Postcolonial Philippines and theThe Third Republic .281946.E2.80.931965.29(1946–1965)|Post–Colonial Period]] (1946–present)'''<br />'''{{flag|Republic of the Philippines|size=28px}}'''

| '''[[History of Vietnam#French colonial era (1858–1945)|French Colonial Period]] (1858–19451858–1954)'''<br />'''{{flagicon image|Long tinh flag.svg|size=28px}} [[Nguyễn dynasty|Nguyễn Dynasty]]''' (1802–1883)<br />'''{{flagdecoflagicon image|FranceFlag of Republic of Cochinchina (variant).svg|1794size=28px}} [[French Cochinchina|Colony of Cochinchina]] (1862–1949)<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Colonial Annam.svg|size=28px}} [[Tonkin (French Indochinaprotectorate)|Protectorate of Tonkin]]''' (1887–19541883–1948)<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Colonial Annam.svg|size=28px}} [[Annam (French protectorate)|Protectorate of Annam]] (1883–1948)<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Empire of Vietnam (1945).svg|size=28px}} [[Empire of Vietnam|Japanese-sponsored Vietnamese Empire]] (1945)<br />{{flagdeco|South Vietnam|size=28px}} [[State of Vietnam]] (1949–1955)<hr /><hr />'''[[History of Vietnam (1945–present)War|WarringAmerican StatesWar Period]] (1955–19761954–1976)'''<br />'''{{flag|North Vietnam|name=Democratic Republic of Vietnam|size=28px}}''' (1945–1976)<br />{{flagdeco|South Vietnam|size=28px}} [[State of Vietnam]] (1949–1955)<br />{{flag|South Vietnam|name=Republic of Vietnam|size=28px}} (1955–1975)<br />{{flagicon image|FNL Flag.svg|size=28px}} [[Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam|Republic of South Vietnam]] (1969–1976)<hr /><hr />'''[[Reunification Day|Post–Division Period]] (1976–present)'''<br />'''{{flag|Vietnam|name=Socialist Republic of Vietnam|size=28px}}'''

* {{flagdeco|Vietnam|size=28px}} [[History of Vietnam since 1945#Socialist Republic (1976–19911976–1992)|Post–War Period]] (1976–1986)

* {{flagdeco|Vietnam|size=28px}} [[Đổi Mới|Renovated Period]] (1986–present)<br />

| '''{{flagicon image|Flag of the President of the Philippines.svg|size=28px}} [[President of the Philippines|President]]:''' [[Bongbong Marcos|Ferdinand Marcos Jr.]]

| '''{{flagicon image|Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam.svg|size=28px}} [[President of Vietnam|President]]:''' [[NguyễnTô Xuân PhúcLâm]]

| '''{{flagicon image|Congress of the Republic of the Philippines.svg|size=24px}} [[Congress of the Philippines|Congress]]''' {{small|(Bicameral)}}<hr />'''{{flagicon image|Seal of the Philippine Senate.svg|size=24px}} [[Senate of the Philippines|Senate]]'''<br />[[President of the Senate of the Philippines|President]]: ''Vacant''[[Migz Zubiri|Juan Miguel Zubiri]]<br />'''{{flagicon image|Seal of the Philippine House of Representatives.svg|size=24px}} [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|House of Representatives]]'''<br />[[Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines|Speaker]]: ''Vacant''[[Martin Romualdez]]

| '''{{flagicon image|Emblem of Vietnam.svg|size=24px}} [[National Assembly (Vietnam)|National Assembly]]''' {{small|(Unicameral)}}<br />[[Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam|Chairperson]]: [[VươngTrần ĐìnhThanh HuệMẫn]]

| {{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippine Army.svg|size=28px}} [[Philippine Army]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippine Air Force.svg|size=28px}} [[Philippine Air Force]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippine Navy.svg|size=28px}} [[Philippine Navy]]<br />

| {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Army of Vietnam.svg|size=28px}} [[People's Army of Vietnam#Vietnam People's Ground ForcesForce|Vietnam People's Ground Forces]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Vietnam People's Air Force.svg|size=28px}} [[Vietnam People's Air Force]]<br />{{flagicon image|Ensign of Vietnam People's Navy.svg|size=28px}} [[Vietnam People's Navy]]<br />{{flagicon image|Vietnam Border Defense Force flag.svg|size=28px}} [[Vietnam Border Defence Force]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Army of Vietnam.svg|size=28px}} [[Vietnam Coast Guard]]

! scope="row" | '''National [[language]]'''

| {{flagicon image|Philngc5sentob.jpg|size=20px}}{{flagicon image|Philngc5sentrev.jpg|size=20px}} [[Philippine peso]] (₱/[[ISO 4217|PHP]])