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{{Short description|French-born Chilean-Mexican social anthropologist (1932–2019)}}
'''Larissa Adler Lomnitz''' (1932 - April 13, 2019) was a French-born Chilean-Mexican [[social anthropology|social anthropologist]], researcher, professor, and academic of Chilean nationality by marriage and Mexican nationality by residence.<ref name="1UNAM">{{cite book|author=UNAM|title=Nuestros maestros - Premio Universidad Nacional 1985-1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o-8x7eLCO_4C&pg=PA246|volume=4|year=1992|publisher=National Autonomous University of Mexico|language=es|isbn=978-968-36-5725-1|pages=246–248}}</ref> She conducted research and studies regarding the way in which marginalized classes survive in [[Latin America]]. She pioneered the study of [[social network]]s and the study of the importance of trust for the [[economy]] and [[politics]]. Her first study in this regard focused on the exchange of favors in the Chilean [[middle class]]. She completed her doctoral thesis about the importance of exchanging favors and confidence in the informal economy in Mexico City. She then explored the importance of social networks in very diverse fields: scientific communities, the Mexican upper class, and the teaching profession in Chile, among others. She wrote more than 70 chapters in books, eight books, and various popular articles for magazines.▼
{{Infobox person
| name = Larissa Adler Lomnitz
| birth_name = Larissa Adler Milstein
| birth_date = 17 June 1932
| birth_place = Paris, France
| death_date = 13 April 2019 (aged 87)
| death_place = [[Mexico City, Mexico]]
| education = [[University of California, Berkeley]] <small>(B.S. in Social Anthropology)</small><br>[[Universidad Iberoamericana]] <small>(PH.D. in Social Anthropology)</small>
| mother = Noemi Lisa Milstein
| father = Miguel Adler
| spouse = [[Cinna Lomnitz]] (m. 1950)
| children = 4, including [[Claudio Lomnitz]]
}}
 
'''Larissa Adler Lomnitz''' ({{nee}} Milstein; 17 June 1932 - 13 April 2019)<ref>Douglas S. Massey: "Larissa Adler Lomnitz: Anthropologist who showed how the poor used social networks to survive and the rich to thrive." PNAS. 119 (33) e2212472119, August 2022, [[doi:10.1073/pnas.2212472119]].</ref> was a French-born Chilean-Mexican [[social anthropology|social anthropologist]], researcher, professor, and academic. After living in France, Colombia, and Israel, she received Chilean nationality by marriage and Mexican nationality by residence.<ref name="1UNAM">{{cite book|author=UNAM|title=Nuestros maestros - Premio Universidad Nacional 1985-1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o-8x7eLCO_4C&pg=PA246|volume=4|year=1992|publisher=National Autonomous University of Mexico|language=es|isbn=978-968-36-5725-1|pages=246–248}}</ref>
 
▲'''Larissa Adler Lomnitz''' (1932 - April 13, 2019) was a French-born Chilean-Mexican [[social anthropology|social anthropologist]], researcher, professor, and academic of Chilean nationality by marriage and Mexican nationality by residence.<ref name="1UNAM">{{cite book|author=UNAM|title=Nuestros maestros - Premio Universidad Nacional 1985-1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o-8x7eLCO_4C&pg=PA246|volume=4|year=1992|publisher=National Autonomous University of Mexico|language=es|isbn=978-968-36-5725-1|pages=246–248}}</ref> She conducted research and studies regarding the way in which marginalized classes survive in [[Latin America]]. She pioneered the study of [[social network]]s and the study of the importance of trust for the [[economy]] and [[politics]]. Her first study in this regard focused on the exchange of favors in the Chilean [[middle class]]. SheLomnitz completed her doctoral thesis about the importance of exchanging favors and confidence in the informal economy in Mexico City. She then explored the importance of social networks in very diverse fields: scientific communities, the Mexican upper class, and the teaching profession in Chile, among others. She wrote more than 70 chapters in books, eightnine books,<ref name="nasonline" /> and various popular articles for magazines.
 
==Early life and education==
Larissa Adler Milstein was born in [[Paris]], France, in 1932, to Jewish-Romanian parents.<ref name="columbia">{{cite web |title=Presentation of Claudio Lomnitz’sLomnitz's book, “Nuestra"Nuestra América”América" |url=http://laic.columbia.edu/blog/presentation-claudio-lomnitzs-book-nuestra-america/ |website=laic.columbia.edu |publisher=Columbia University |accessdate=11 January 2020}}</ref> Her father was the anthropologist, Miguel Adler, who trained with [[Paul Rivet]].<ref name="Lomnitz2019">{{cite book|last=Lomnitz|first=Claudio|title=Nuestra América: Utopía y persistencia de una familia judía|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MnyGDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA145|date=10 January 2019|publisher=FCE - Fondo de Cultura Económica|language=French|isbn=978-607-16-6054-1|pages=145–}}</ref> Her mother was Noemi Lisa Milstein de Adler (1910-1976).<ref name="LomnitzPérezLizaur1987">{{cite book|last1=Lomnitz|first1=Larissa Adler|last2=Pérez-Lizaur|first2=Marisol|title=A Mexican Elite Family, 1820-1980: Kinship, Class, and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1nfEt1eBHoC&pg=PR5|year=1987|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-02284-4|pages=5–}}</ref>
 
Shortly after Lomnitz was born, her family moved to live in Colombia. In 1948, when the State of Israel was formed, her family joined the [[Kibbutz]] movement. In 1950, she married the Chilean [[geophysics|geophysicist]], [[Cinna Lomnitz]], with whom she lived in Chile and the United States.<ref name="2unam2007">{{cite web |title=LARISSA ADLER LOMNITZ |url=http://www.100.unam.mx/images/stories/universitarios/dhc/PDF/adler-milstein-larissa.pdf |website=100.unam.mx |accessdate=11 January 2020 |format=pdf |date=2007}}</ref> Their children were Jorge (1954-1993), [[Claudio Lomnitz|Claudio]], Alberto, and Tania.<ref name="Lomnitz1998">{{cite book|last=Lomnitz|first=Larissa Adler de|title=Cómo sobreviven los marginados|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6KS5e28diJ8C&pg=PA13|year=1998|publisher=Siglo XXI|isbn=968-23-1565-4|pages=13–}}</ref>
 
Lomnitz received a Bachelorbachelor's degree with Honors in Social Anthropology at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. In 1974, she earned a doctorate in the same specialty at the [[Universidad Iberoamericana]] (UIA) of [[Mexico City]].{{cn|date=February 2024}}
 
==Career==
In 1967, Lomnitz affiliated with the Center for Mental Health Research at the [[University of Chile]]. In Mexico, she affiliated with the Children's Hospital of the [[Secretariat of Health (Mexico)|Secretariat of Health]], as well as the Center for Technological Innovation and the Institute of Applied Mathematics Research of [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]] (UNAM). Lomnitz taught [[ethnology]] and [[economic anthropology]] at UIAUniversidad Iberoamericana; [[Urban sociology]] and Exchange Systems at the Faculty of Architecture of the UNAM[[National Autonomous University of Mexico]]; and Urban [[Methodology]] and [[Anthropology]] at the [[National School of Anthropology and History]] (ENAH). She was a visiting professor at [[Columbia University]], the Graduate School of Arts and Science of the [[New York University]], the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], the [[University of Notre Dame]], the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]], the Fundación José Ortega y Gasset, the [[University of Chicago]], and the [[University of Paris]] among others.<ref name="1UNAM" />
 
She specialized in research and study on how people live and help marginalized classes in Latin America. As with [[Oscar Lewis]], Lomnitz rejected the relationship between [[human migration]], [[urbanization]], and disorganization proposed by the [[Chicago]] [[environmentalist]]s based on the theories of [[Richard Adams]]. She conducted studies of the Mexican university world indicating that there were four “life careers”: academic, professional, [[ideology|ideological]] politics, and [[Pragmatism|pragmatic]] politics. In the area of [[political anthropology]], she demonstrated that highly centralized systems generate a parallel system of [[informal economy]], as happened in the former [[Soviet Union]].<ref name="6ceas">{{cite web |title=Lomnitz Adler Milstein Larissa |url=http://www.ceas.org.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=142:lomnitz-adler-milstein-larissa&catid=35:socioscurricula&Itemid=55 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192309/http://www.ceas.org.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=142:lomnitz-adler-milstein-larissa&catid=35:socioscurricula&Itemid=55 |websiteurl-status=web.dead |archive.org-date=4 March 2016 |publisher=ceas.org |accessdate=11 January 2020 |date=4 March 2016}}</ref>▼
 
Lomnitz was a member of several societies and academies, including the Mexican Society of Anthropology, the [[Mexican Academy of Sciences]], the Society of Urban Anthropology and Economics, The College of Ethnologists and Anthropologists, and the Javier Barros Sierra Foundation. She served as president of the Society for Latin American Anthropology, and was the director of the War and Peace Studies Commission of the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences.<ref name="1UNAM" />
 
She was a member of the Scientific Committee of the [[UNESCO]] Forum on Higher Education Research and Knowledge. She was an emeritus researcher for the National System of Researchers and a member of the Science Advisory Council of the Presidency of the Republic.<ref name="4ccciencias">{{cite web |title=Consejo Consultivo de Ciencias (CCC) |url=http://www.ccciencias.mx/es/ |website=ccciencias.mx |accessdate=11 January 2020}}</ref>
▲She specialized in research and study on how people live and help marginalized classes in Latin America. As with [[Oscar Lewis]], Lomnitz rejected the relationship between [[human migration]], [[urbanization]], and disorganization proposed by the [[Chicago]] [[environmentalist]]s based on the theories of [[Richard Adams]]. She conducted studies of the Mexican university world indicating that there were four “life careers”: academic, professional, [[ideology|ideological]] politics, and [[Pragmatism|pragmatic]] politics. In the area of [[political anthropology]], she demonstrated that highly centralized systems generate a parallel system of [[informal economy]], as happened in the former [[Soviet Union]].<ref name="6ceas">{{cite web |title=Lomnitz Adler Milstein Larissa |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192309/http://www.ceas.org.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=142:lomnitz-adler-milstein-larissa&catid=35:socioscurricula&Itemid=55 |website=web.archive.org |publisher=ceas.org |accessdate=11 January 2020 |date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
 
Lomnitz was a member of several societies and academies, including the Mexican Society of Anthropology, the [[Mexican Academy of Sciences]], the Society of Urban Anthropology and Economics, The College of Ethnologists and Anthropologists, and the Javier Barros Sierra Foundation. She served as president of the Society for Latin American Anthropology, and was the director of the War and Peace Studies Commission of the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences.<ref name="1UNAM" /> She was a member of the Scientific Committee of the [[UNESCO]] Forum on Higher Education Research and Knowledge. She was an emeritus researcher for the National System of Researchers and a member of the Science Advisory Council of the Presidency of the Republic.<ref name="4ccciencias">{{cite web |title=Consejo Consultivo de Ciencias (CCC) |url=http://www.ccciencias.mx/es/ |website=www.ccciencias.mx |accessdate=11 January 2020}}</ref> In 2010, she was elected a member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]].<ref name="5cimacnoticias">{{cite web |title=Ingresará Larissa Adler a la academia de las Artes y la Ciencia » cimacnoticias.com.mx |url=https://cimacnoticias.com.mx/noticia/ingresara-larissa-adler-a-la-academia-de-las-artes-y-la-ciencia/ |website=cimacnoticias.com.mx |accessdate=11 January 2020 |language=es-MX |date=13 September 2010}}</ref>
 
Guillermo de la Peña Topete published Lomnitz's biography, ''Larissa Adler Lomnitz: Antropóloga latinoamericana'', in 2004.<ref name="Topete2004">{{cite book|last=Topete|first=Guillermo de la Peña|title=Larissa Adler Lomnitz: Antropóloga latinoamericana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFymDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1973|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Colegio de Etnólogos y Antropólogos Sociales, A.C. (CEAS)|pages=1973–|id=GGKEY:Z46Z8J6G6RB}}</ref> She died in Mexico City, Mexico, Aprilon 13, April 2019, aged 87.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Massey |first=Douglas S. |date=2022-08-16 |title=Larissa Adler Lomnitz: Anthropologist who showed how the poor used social networks to survive and the rich to thrive |url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2212472119 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=119 |issue=33 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2212472119 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=9388125 |pmid=35951649}}</ref>
 
==Awards and honors==
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==Selected works==
* ''Reciprocity of Favors in the Middle Class of Chile'', 1971
* ''Networks and marginality (Cerrada del Cóndor, engl.) Life in a Mexican shantytown.'', 1977
* ''¿Cómo sobreviven los marginados?''
* ''A Mexican Elite Family 1820-1980 : Kinship, Class and Culture'', 1987
* ''Chile's middle class : a struggle for survival in the face of neoliberalism'', 1991
* “Supervivencia en una barriada de la ciudad de México” in ''Demografía y Economía''.▼
* ''Redes sociales cultura y poder : ensayos de antropologia latinoamericana'', 1994
* "Problemática de la ciencia en México" in ''Ciencia''.▼
* ''Chile's political culture and parties : an anthropological explanation'' 2000
* “Migrations” in ''Reviews in Anthropology''
* ''Simbolismo y ritual en la política mexicana''
* ''Lo formal y lo informal en las sociedades contemporáneas'', 2008
* "Migration" in ''Networks and Marginality'', 1977
▲* “Supervivencia en una barriada de la ciudad de México” in ''Demografía y Economía''.
▲* "Problemática de la ciencia en México" in ''Ciencia''.
* “Anthropology and Development in Latin America” in ''Human Organization''
 
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{{authority control}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:MilsteinLomnitz, Larissa Adler}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Paris]]▼
[[Category:20th-century Chilean women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century French women writers]]▼
[[Category:20th-century Mexican women writers]]
▲[[Category:20th-century French womenMexican writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Chilean women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century French women writers]]▼
[[Category:21st-century Mexican women writers]]
[[Category:ChileanAcademic academicsstaff of the University of Chile]]
[[Category:French academics]]
[[Category:Mexican academics]]▼
[[Category:Chilean anthropologists]]
[[Category:French anthropologists]]
[[Category:Mexican anthropologists]]
[[Category:Chilean educatorswomen anthropologists]]
[[Category:FrenchMexican educatorswomen anthropologists]]
[[Category:Mexican20th-century French women educators]]
▲[[Category:21st20th-century French women writerseducators]]
[[Category:20th-century Mexican women educators]]
▲[[Category:20th-century Mexican academicseducators]]
▲[[Category:PeopleChilean fromwomen Pariseducators]]
[[Category:Chilean non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:French non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Mexican non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Chilean people of Romanian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:French people of Romanian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Mexican people of Romanian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:Universidad Iberoamericana alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the National Autonomous University of Mexico faculty]]
[[Category:New York University faculty]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Guggenheim Fellowships]]
[[Category:National Prize for Arts and Sciences (Mexico)]]
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