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In 1659, the war was characterized by Swedish forces defending their strongholds on the southern Baltic coast against allied assaults. A combined force of 17,000 Austrians and 13,000 Brandenburgers<ref name=Frost182/> led by general Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches invaded [[Swedish Pomerania]], took and burned [[Gryfino|Greifenhagen]], took [[Wollin]] island and [[Dąbie (neighborhood of Szczecin)|Damm]], besieged [[Stettin]] and [[Greifswald]] without success, but took [[Demmin]] on 9 November. Counterattacks were mounted by general [[Müller von der Lühnen]], who lifted the siege laid on Greifswald by the Brandenburgian prince-elector, and major general [[Paul Wirtz (Swedish Pomerania)|Paul Wirtz]], who from besieged Stettin managed to capture the Brandenburgian ammunition depot at Curau and took it to [[Stralsund]]. The Brandenburgians withdrew ravaging the countryside while retreating.<ref name=Buchholz273ff/>
In the occupied and annexed Danish provinces, guerilla movements pressed Swedish garrisons. After an uprising, [[Second Northern War and Norway|Norwegians took Trondheim]] in late 1658. In [[Scania]] and [[Zealand (Denmark)|Zealand]], the "''[[snaphaner]]''" led by [[Lorenz Tuxen]] and [[Svend Poulsen]] ("''[[Gøngehøvdingen]]''") ambushed Swedish forces. The Swedish garrison of [[Bornholm]] was [[Bornholm uprising|forced to surrender to Danish insurgents]], with the commander killed.<ref name=Lockhart238>Lockhart (2007), p. 238</ref>
In Royal Prussia (Eastern Pomerania in contemporary Poland), [[Toruń|Thorn]] had fallen already in December 1658, but [[Elbląg, Poland|Elbing]] and [[Marienwerder]] withstood. On 24 November, Sweden had to abandon [[Funen]] and [[Langeland]] after the defeat in the [[Battle of Nyborg]]. In January 1660, Sweden lost the [[Livonia]]n fortress [[Mitau]].<ref name=Frost182/>
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