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| place = [[Denmark–Norway]], [[Swedish Empire]], [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], [[New Sweden]] and [[New Netherland]].
| territory = * Denmark–Norway cedes [[Scania]], [[Halland]], [[Blekinge]], [[Bohuslän]] and [[Ven (Sweden)|Ven]] to Sweden.
* Poland–Lithuania recognizes Swedish sovereignty in [[Swedish Livonia|Livonia]] and Swedish ownership of [[Estonia under Swedish rule|Estonia]] and [[Saaremaa|Ösel]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hhogman.se/swe_wars-1600s.htm | title=Swedish Military - Hans Högman }}</ref>
* Poland–Lithuania grants the [[Duchy of Prussia]] sovereign status.
* Dutch Republic acquires [[New Sweden]].
| result = ''See {{slink||Peace}}''
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|Swedish Empire}} [[Swedish Empire]]<br>{{flagicon|Brandenburg}} [[Brandenburg-Prussia]] (1656–57)<br>{{flagicon|Transylvania}} [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]]
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|1586}} [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]<br>{{flagicon|Denmark-Norway}} [[Denmark–Norway]] (from 1657)<br>{{flag|Habsburg Monarchy}}<br>{{flagicon|Tsardom of Russia}} [[Tsardom of Russia]] (1656–58)<br>[[File:Gerae-tamga.svg|22px]] [[Crimean Khanate]]<br>{{flagicon|Brandenburg}} [[Brandenburg-Prussia]] (1655–56, 1657–60)<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Courland (state).svg}} [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia|Duchy of Courland]] (1656–58)<br>{{flag|Dutch Republic}}
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Swedish Empire}} [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden|Charles X Gustav]] <br>{{flagicon|Swedish Empire}} [[Arvid Wittenberg]]{{surrender}}<br>{{flagicon|Swedish Empire}} [[Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie|Magnus de la Gardie]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|1586}} [[John II Casimir
| casualties1 = 70,000 Swedes died<ref>Claes-Göran Isacson, ''Karl X Gustavs Krig'' (2002) Lund, Historiska Media. p. 265. {{ISBN|91-89442-57-1}}</ref>{{efn|Mercenaries not included.}}
| casualties2 =
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In the [[Treaty of Labiau]] on 20 November, Charles X Gustav of Sweden granted Frederick William of Brandenburg full sovereignty in the Duchy of Prussia in return for a more active participation in the war.<ref name=Frost178/><ref name=Press403>Press (1991), p. 403</ref> In the [[Treaty of Radnot]] on 6 December, Charles X Gustav promised to accept [[George II Rákóczi]] of [[Transylvania]] as king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania in return for his entrance into the war.<ref name=Frost178/> Rákóczi entered the war in January 1657,<ref name=Frost178/><ref name=Press403/> crossing into the commonwealth with a force of 25,000 Transylvanian-Wallachian-Moldavian men and 20,000 Cossacks who reinforced Kraków before they met with Charles X Gustav, who had led a Swedish-Brandenburgian army southwards. The following month saw the Swedish-Brandenburg-Transylvanian-Romanian-Cossack forces play cat and mouse with the Polish–Lithuanian forces, moving about all of the commonwealth without any major engagements, except the capture of [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]] by Charles X Gustav in May, and the capture of [[Warsaw]] by Rákóczi and [[Gustaf Otto Stenbock]] on 17 June.<ref name=Frost178/>
Due to internal conflicts within the [[Cossack Hetmanate|Cossacks]] there was practically no participation of the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] in that war. Worn out from previous campaigns and requesting [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] to break with Sweden, Alexis of Russia eventually signed the [[Truce of Vilna]] or Niemież with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and did not engage the Swedish army in any major battle throughout 1657 even though he still reinforced his armies in Livonia. On 18 June, a Swedish force defeated a Russian army of 8,000 men commanded by Matvey V. Sheremetev in the [[Battle of Walk]], however, a month later it was defeated by the Russians [[Battle of Gdov|near Gdov]], after that the actions were in the nature of mutual raids. In early 1658, Sweden and Russia agreed on a truce,<ref name=Frost177/> resulting in the [[Treaty of Valiesar]] (Vallisaare, 1658) and the [[Treaty of Kardis]] (Kärde, 1661). The [[Russo-Polish War (1654–67)|Russian war with Poland–Lithuania]] on the other hand resumed in 1658.<ref name=Frost183>Frost (2000), p. 183</ref>
==Austro–Brandenburgian–Polish alliance, Danish campaigns in Sweden==
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In 1659, the war was characterized by Swedish forces defending their strongholds on the southern Baltic coast against allied assaults. A combined force of 17,000 Austrians and 13,000 Brandenburgers<ref name=Frost182/> led by general Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches invaded [[Swedish Pomerania]], took and burned [[Gryfino|Greifenhagen]], took [[Wollin]] island and [[Dąbie (neighborhood of Szczecin)|Damm]], besieged [[Stettin]] and [[Greifswald]] without success, but took [[Demmin]] on 9 November. Counterattacks were mounted by general [[Müller von der Lühnen]], who lifted the siege laid on Greifswald by the Brandenburgian prince-elector, and major general [[Paul Wirtz (Swedish Pomerania)|Paul Wirtz]], who from besieged Stettin managed to capture the Brandenburgian ammunition depot at Curau and took it to [[Stralsund]]. The Brandenburgians withdrew ravaging the countryside while retreating.<ref name=Buchholz273ff/>
In the occupied and annexed Danish provinces, guerilla movements pressed Swedish garrisons. After an uprising, [[Second Northern War and Norway|Norwegians took Trondheim]] in late 1658. In [[Scania]] and [[Zealand (Denmark)|Zealand]], the "''[[snaphaner]]''" led by [[Lorenz Tuxen]] and [[Svend Poulsen]] ("''[[Gøngehøvdingen]]''") ambushed Swedish forces. The Swedish garrison of [[Bornholm]] was [[Bornholm uprising|forced to surrender to Danish insurgents]], with the commander killed.<ref name=Lockhart238>Lockhart (2007), p. 238</ref>
In Royal Prussia (Eastern Pomerania in contemporary Poland), [[Toruń|Thorn]] had fallen already in December 1658, but [[Elbląg, Poland|Elbing]] and [[Marienwerder]] withstood. On 24 November, Sweden had to abandon [[Funen]] and [[Langeland]] after the defeat in the [[Battle of Nyborg]]. In January 1660, Sweden lost the [[Livonia]]n fortress [[Mitau]].<ref name=Frost182/>
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{{Authority control}}
[[Category:
[[Category:Northern Wars]]
[[Category:17th-century conflicts]]
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[[Category:Wars involving the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Polish-Swedish war]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]]
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