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{{short description|1957 novel by Boris Pasternak}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=
{{Infobox book|
| name = Doctor Zhivago
| title_orig = {{lang|ru|Доктор Живаго}}
| translator =
| image = Doktor feltrinelli.jpg
| caption = Front page of the first edition
| author = [[Boris Pasternak]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = [[Italy]]
| language = [[Russian language|Russian]]
| series =
| subject = <!-- Subject is not relevant for fiction -->
| genre = [[Historical novel|Historical]], [[Romantic novel]]<!-- [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels/Novel categorization]] -->
| publisher = [[Giangiacomo Feltrinelli|Feltrinelli]] ([[first edition]]), [[Pantheon Books]]
| release_date = 1957
| english_release_date =
| media_type = Print ([[Hardcover|Hardback]] & [[Paperback]])
| pages = 592 (Pantheon)
| isbn = 0-679-77438-6
| isbn_note = (Pantheon) <!-- First released before ISBN system implemented -->
| preceded_by = <!-- Preceding novel in series -->
| followed_by = <!-- Following novel in series -->
| pub_date = 23 November 1957
}}
'''''Doctor Zhivago''''' ({{IPAc-en|ʒ|ɪ|ˈ|v|ɑː|ɡ|oʊ}} {{respell|zhiv|AH|goh}};<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/doctor-zhivago |title=Doctor Zhivago |work=[[Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English]] |publisher=[[Longman]] |access-date=11 August 2019 |archive-date=11 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811083407/https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/doctor-zhivago |url-status=live}}</ref> {{lang-rus|До́ктор Жива́го|p=ˈdoktər ʐɨˈvaɡə}}) is a [[novel]] by Russian poet, author and composer [[Boris Pasternak]], first published in 1957 in [[Italy]]. The novel is named after its [[protagonist]], [[Yuri Zhivago]], a physician and poet, and takes place between the [[Russian Revolution of 1905]] and [[World War II]].
Owing to the author's
The novel was [[Doctor Zhivago (film)|made into a film]] by [[David Lean]] in 1965, and since then has twice been adapted for television, most recently as a miniseries for Russian TV in 2006.
==Plot summary==
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===Part 2===
During the [[Russo-Japanese War]] (1904–1905), Amalia Karlovna Guichard arrives in [[Moscow]] from the [[Urals]] with her two children: Rodion (Rodya) and Larissa (Lara)
In early October, the workers of the Moscow-Brest railroad line go on strike. The foreman of the station is Pavel Ferapontovich Antipov. His friend Kiprian Savelyevich Tiverzin is called into one of the railroad workshops and stops a workman from beating his apprentice (whose name is Osip (Yusupka) Gimazetdinovich Galiullin). The police arrest Pavel Ferapontovich for his role in the strike. Pavel Ferapontovich's boy, Patulya (or Pasha or Pashka) Pavlovich Antipov, comes to live with Tiverzin and his mother. Tiverzin's mother and Patulya attend a demonstration which is attacked by dragoons, but they survive and return home. As the protestors flee the dragoons, Nikolai Nikolaevich (Yuri's uncle) is standing inside a Moscow apartment, at the window, watching the people flee. Some time ago, he moved from the Volga region to Petersburg, and at the same time moved Yuri to Moscow to live at the Gromeko household. Nikolai Nikolaevich had then come to Moscow from Petersburg earlier in the Fall, and is staying with the Sventitskys, who were distant relations. The Gromeko household consists of Alexander Alexandrovich Gromeko, his wife Anna Ivanovna, and his bachelor brother Nikolai Alexandrovich. Anna is the daughter of a wealthy steel magnate, now deceased, from the Yuriatin region in the Urals. They have a daughter Tonya.
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===Part 3===
In November 1911, Anna Ivanovna Gromeko becomes seriously ill with pneumonia. At this time, Yuri, Misha, and Tonya are studying to be a doctor, philologist, and lawyer respectively. Yuri learns that his father had a child, a boy named
The narrative returns to the Spring of 1906. Lara is increasingly tormented by Komarovsky's control over her, which has now been going on for six months. In order to get away from him, she asks her classmate and friend Nadya Laurentovna Kologrivov to help her find work as a tutor. Nadya says she can work for Nadya's own family because her parents happen to be looking for a tutor for her sister Lipa. Lara spends more than three years working as a [[governess]] for the Kologrivovs. Lara admires the Kologrivovs, and they love her as if she were their own child. In her fourth year with the Kologrivovs, Lara is visited by her brother Rodya. He needs 700 rubles to cover a debt. Lara says she will try to get the money, and in exchange demands Rodya's cadet revolver along with some cartridges. She obtains the money from Kologrivov. She does not pay the money back, because she uses her wages to help support her boyfriend Pasha Antipov (see above) and his father (who lives in exile), without Pasha's knowledge.
We move forward to 1911. Lara visits the Kologrivovs' country estate with them for the last time. She is becoming discontented with her situation, but she enjoys the pastimes of the estate anyway, and she becomes an excellent shot with Rodya's revolver. When she and the family return to Moscow, her discontent grows. Around Christmastime, she resolves to part from the Kologrivovs, and to ask Komarovsky for the money necessary to do that. She plans to kill him with Rodya's revolver should he refuse her. On 27 December, the date of the Sventitsky's Christmas party, she goes to Komarovsky's home but is informed that he is at a Christmas party. She gets the address of the party and starts toward it, but relents and pays Pasha a visit instead. She tells him that they should get married right away, and he agrees. At the same moment that Lara and Pasha are having this discussion, Yuri and Tonya are passing by Pasha's apartment in the street, on their way to the Sventitskys. They arrive at the party and enjoy the festivities. Later, Lara arrives at the party. She knows no one there other than Komarovsky, and is not dressed for a ball. She tries to get Komarovsky to notice her, but he is playing cards and either does not notice her or pretends not to. Through some quick inferences, she realizes that one of the men playing cards with Komarovsky is Kornakov, a prosecutor of the Moscow court. He prosecuted a group of railway workers that included Kiprian Tiverzin, Pasha's foster father.<ref>Pevear & Volokhonsky trans., p. 96 (Kornakov prosecuted Tiverzin's case); p. 34 (Tiverzin was put on trial for involvement in a railroad strike); p. 37 (Patulya [i.e. Pavel or Pasha] Antipov came to live with the Tiverzins after his father was arrested in connection with the railroad strike).</ref>
Later, while Yuri and Tonya are dancing, a shot rings out. There is a great commotion and it is discovered that Lara has shot Kornakov (not Komarovsky) and Kornakov has received only a minor wound. Lara has fainted and is being dragged by some guests to a chair; Yuri recognizes her with amazement. Yuri goes to render medical attention to Lara but then changes course to Kornakov because he is the nominal victim. He pronounces Kornakov's wound to be "a trifle", and is about to tend to Lara when Mrs. Sventitsky and Tonya urgently tell him that he must return home because something was not right with Anna Ivanovna. When Yuri and Tonya return home, they find that Anna Ivanovna has died.
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===Parts 6 to 9===
Following the [[October Revolution]] and the subsequent [[Russian Civil War]], Yuri and his family decide to flee by train to Tonya's family's former estate (called Varykino), located near the town of Yuriatin in the [[Ural Mountains]]. During the journey, he has an encounter with Army Commissar Strelnikov ("The Executioner"), a fearsome commander who summarily executes both captured [[White Army|Whites]] and many civilians. Yuri and his family settle in an abandoned house on the estate. Over the winter, they read books to each other and Yuri writes poetry and journal entries. Spring comes and the family prepares for farm work. Yuri visits Yuriatin to use the public library, and during one of these visits sees Lara at the library. He decides to talk with her, but finishes up some work first, and when he looks up she is gone. He gets her home address from a request slip she had given the librarian. On another visit to town, he visits her at her apartment (which she shares with her daughter). She informs him that Strelnikov is indeed Pasha, her husband. During one of Yuri's subsequent visits to Yuriatin they consummate their relationship. They meet at her apartment regularly for more than two months, but then Yuri, while returning from one of their trysts to his house on the estate, is abducted by men loyal to Liberius, commander of the "Forest Brotherhood
===Parts 10 to 13===
Liberius is a dedicated [[Old Bolshevik]] and highly effective leader of his men. However, Liberius is also a [[cocaine]] addict, loud-mouthed and [[narcissist]]ic. He repeatedly bores Yuri with his long-winded lectures about the glories of socialism and the inevitability of its victory. Yuri spends more than two years with Liberius and his partisans, then finally manages to escape. After a grueling journey back to Yuriatin, made largely on foot, Yuri goes into town to see Lara first, rather than to Varykino to see his family. In town, he learns that his wife, children, and father-in-law fled the estate and returned to Moscow. From Lara, he learns that Tonya delivered a daughter after he left. Lara assisted at the birth and she and Tonya became close friends. Yuri gets a job and stays with Lara and her daughter for a few months. One of Lara's friends, Sima Tuntseva, gives her a lengthy sermon on [[Mary Magdalene]] in the style of [[Leo Tolstoy|Tolstoy]]. Eventually, a
===Part 14===
In the dead of winter, Lara and Yuri move back to the estate at Varykino where there are literal wolves at the door every night. Komarovsky reappears. Having used his influence within the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]], Komarovsky has been appointed Minister of Justice of the [[Far Eastern Republic]], a Soviet [[puppet state]] in [[Siberia]]. He offers to smuggle Yuri and Lara outside Soviet soil. They initially refuse, but Komarovsky states, falsely, that Pasha Antipov is dead, having fallen from favor with the Party. Stating that this will place Lara in the [[Cheka]]'s crosshairs, he persuades Yuri that it is in her best interests to leave for the East. Yuri convinces Lara to go with Komarovsky, telling her that he will follow her shortly. Meanwhile, the hunted General Strelnikov (Pasha) returns for Lara. Lara, however, has already left with Komarovsky. After expressing regret over the pain he has caused his country and loved ones, Pasha commits [[suicide]]. Yuri finds his body the following morning.
===Part 15===
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===Epilogue===
During [[World War II]], Zhivago's old friends Nika Dudorov and Misha Gordon meet up. One of their discussions revolves around a local laundress named Tanya, a ''
==Background==
=== Influences and inspiration ===
===Soviet censorship's refusal===▼
The novel has been described as partly autobiographical,<ref>https://www.google.com/books/edition/Boris_Pasternak/x6K-BtEjv18CM {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> or autobiographical "partially in the external but mostly in internal sense",<ref name="ref">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dCpgAAAAMAAJ | isbn=978-0-8161-8992-2 | title=Boris Pasternak: A Reference Guide | date=1994 | publisher=G.K. Hall }}</ref> containing autobiographical elements; some of its characters were inspired by people close to the author: for example, Pasternak's mistress [[Olga Ivinskaya]] served as the inspiration for the character of Lara, and on one of his letters, the author wrote that Ivinskaya was "Lara in my book";<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eeoXAQAAIAAJ | title=Poetical Manuscripts and Autograph Letters by Boris Leonidovich Pasternak from the Archive of Ol'ga Vsevolodovna Ivinskaia | date=1996 | publisher=Christie's }}</ref> other characters of the novel received the features of the author himself. In the 1930s, Pasternak wrote works with autobiographical features on the theme of the Revolution, like ''Spektorsky'', the plot of which is centered around the poet, with his attitude towards the historical events similar to the one experienced by Pasternak,<ref name="ref"/> and the novella ''[[The Last Summer (novella)|The Last Summer]]''; both works could be the early attempts to produce a work based on the author's experience of the Revolution and the Civil War, by its concept similar to the one of ''Doctor Zhivago''.<ref>Л. Л. Горелик. Роман в стихах Бориса Пастернака «Спекторский» в контексте русской литературы. 1997</ref>
[[Efim Etkind]] believed that one of the sources of literary influence on ''Doctor Zhivago'' was the novel ''[[The Life of Klim Samgin]]'' by [[Maxim Gorky]]. Etkind wrote that it could serve as a "negative background" to Zhivago, and that ''Doctor Zhivago'' may be a "response" to Gorky's novel.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i1kXAQAAIAAJ | title=La Letteratura russa del novecento: Problemi di poetica | date=1990 | publisher=Istituto Suor Orsola Benincasa }}</ref> Pasternak expressed his admiration for this novel in a letter to Gorky in 1927.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dyZ4j7H-NPoC | isbn=978-0-8229-7335-5 | title=The Archaeology of Anxiety: The Russian Silver Age and its Legacy | date=9 December 2007 | publisher=University of Pittsburgh Pre }}</ref>
Although it contains passages written in the 1910s and 1920s, ''Doctor Zhivago'' was not completed until 1955. The novel was submitted to the literary journal ''[[Novy Mir]]'' ("Новый Мир") in 1956. However, the editors rejected Pasternak's novel because of its implicit rejection of [[socialist realism]].<ref>"Doctor Zhivago": Letter to Boris Pasternak from the Editors of ''Novyi Mir''. Daedalus, Vol. 89, No. 3, The Russian Intelligentsia (Summer, 1960), pp. 648–668</ref> The author, like Zhivago, showed more concern for the welfare of individuals than for the welfare of society. Soviet censors construed some passages as [[anti-Soviet]].{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} They also objected to Pasternak's subtle criticisms of [[Stalinism]], [[Collectivization]], the [[Great Purge]], and the [[Gulag]].{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}
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[[File:Doctor Zhivago-1st ITA edition.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|First Italian edition cover of book, published in November 1957 by Giangiacomo Feltrinelli]]
Pasternak sent several copies of the manuscript in Russian to friends in the West.<ref name="timesonline-292690">{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/|title=The Times & The Sunday Times|access-date=17 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981207073937/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 23 November 1957,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Zubok |first1=Vladislav Martinovich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7okpEAAAQBAJ |title=Zhivago's Children: The Last Russian Intelligentsia |last2=Zubok |first2=Vladislav |date=2011-11-30 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-06232-0 |pages=18 |language=en}}</ref> Italian publisher [[Giangiacomo Feltrinelli]] arranged for the novel to be smuggled out of the Soviet Union by Sergio D'Angelo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pasternakbydangelo.com/|title=Pasternak by D'Angelo|website=
▲In 1957, Italian publisher [[Giangiacomo Feltrinelli]] arranged for the novel to be smuggled out of the Soviet Union by Sergio D'Angelo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pasternakbydangelo.com/|title=Pasternak by D'Angelo|website=www.pasternakbydangelo.com|access-date=14 March 2013|archive-date=24 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524105623/http://www.pasternakbydangelo.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> Upon handing his manuscript over, Pasternak quipped, "You are hereby invited to watch me face the [[firing squad]]."{{citation needed|date = April 2014}} Despite desperate efforts by the [[Union of Soviet Writers]] to prevent its publication,{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Feltrinelli published an Italian translation of the book in November 1957.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoover.org/multimedia/slide-shows/28537 |title=Boris Pasternak | Hoover Institution |access-date=2012-10-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813175527/http://www.hoover.org/multimedia/slide-shows/28537 |archive-date=13 August 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> So great was the demand for ''Doctor Zhivago'' that Feltrinelli was able to license translation rights into eighteen different languages well in advance of the novel's publication. The [[Communist Party of Italy]] expelled Feltrinelli from their membership in retaliation for his role in the publication of a novel they felt was critical of communism.<ref>''Il caso Pasternak'', Granzotto, 1985.</ref>
A French translation was published by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in June 1958, with an English translation being published in September 1958.<ref name="arzamas_chronic">{{cite web |title=Приключения рукописи "Доктора Живаго" |url=https://arzamas.academy/materials/390 |last=Бирюкова |first=Надежда |website=arzamas.academy |language=ru |access-date=
===Russian text published by CIA===
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The U.S. [[Central Intelligence Agency]] realized that the novel presented an opportunity to embarrass the Soviet government. An internal memo lauded the book's "great propaganda value": not only did the text have a central humanist message, but the Soviet government's having suppressed a great work of literature could make ordinary citizens "wonder what is wrong with their government".
The CIA set out to publish 1,000 copies of a Russian-language hardcover edition
The printing by Mouton Publishers of the 1,000 copies of an adulterated Russian-language version, organized by the CIA, had typos and truncated storylines, and it was illegal, because the owner of the manuscript was Giangiacomo Feltrinelli,<ref name="WaPo" /> who later put his name on the Mouton edition.<ref name="Social sciences">[http://www.eastviewpress.com/Files/SS_FROM%20THE%20CURRENT%20ISSUE_No.%203_2011_small.pdf Social sciences – A Quarterly Journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences: INTERNATIONAL PROVOCATION: ON BORIS PASTERNAK’S NOBEL PRIZE] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101062612/http://www.eastviewpress.com/Files/SS_FROM%20THE%20CURRENT%20ISSUE_No.%203_2011_small.pdf |date=1 November 2012 }}</ref><ref name="RFERL.org">{{cite
Author Ivan Tolstoi claims that the [[CIA]] lent a hand to ensure that ''Doctor Zhivago'' was submitted to the [[Nobel Committee]] in its original language, in order for Pasternak to win the Nobel prize and further harm the international credibility of the [[Soviet Union]]. He repeats and adds additional details to Fetrinelli's claims that CIA operatives intercepted and photographed a manuscript of the novel and secretly printed a small number of books in the [[Russian language]].<ref name="timesonline-292690" /><ref name="RFERL.org" /><ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite
===Award===
In 1958 Pasternak wrote to Renate Schweitzer,
<blockquote>Some people believe the Nobel Prize may be awarded to me this year. I am firmly convinced that I shall be passed over and that it will go to [[Alberto Moravia]]. You cannot imagine all the difficulties, torments, and anxieties which arise to confront me at the mere prospect, however unlikely, of such a possibility... One step out of place—and the people closest to you will be condemned to suffer from all the jealousy, resentment, wounded pride and disappointment of others, and old scars on the heart will be reopened...<ref>[[Olga Ivinskaya]], ''A Captive of Time: My Years with Pasternak'', (1978), page 220.</ref></blockquote>
On 23 October 1958, Boris Pasternak was announced as the winner of the 1958 [[Nobel Prize for Literature]]. The citation credited Pasternak's contribution to Russian lyric poetry and for his role in, "continuing the great Russian epic tradition". On 25 October, Pasternak sent a [[telegram]] to the [[Swedish Academy]]:
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===Soviet revenge===
Despite his decision to decline the award, the Soviet Union of Writers continued to denounce Pasternak in the Soviet press. Furthermore, he was threatened at the very least with formal exile to the West. In response, Pasternak wrote directly to Soviet Premier [[Nikita Khrushchev]], "Leaving the motherland will mean equal death for me. I am tied to Russia by birth, by life and work."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Pasternak.html|title=Boris Pasternak|website=
{{cite book
| last = Pasternak
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===Loneliness===
In the shadow of all this grand political change, we see that everything is governed by the basic human longing for companionship. Zhivago and Pasha, in love with the same woman, both traverse Russia in these volatile times in search of such stability. They are both involved in nearly every level of the tumultuous times that Russia faced in the first half of the 20th century, yet the common theme and the motivating force behind all their movement is a want of a steady home life. When we first meet Zhivago he is being torn away from everything he knows. He is sobbing and standing on the grave of his mother. We bear witness to the moment all stability is destroyed in his life and the rest of the novel is his attempts to recreate the security stolen from him at such a young age. After the [[Maternal deprivation|loss of his mother]], Zhivago develops a longing for what [[Sigmund Freud|Freud]] called the "maternal object" (feminine love and affection)
===Disillusionment with revolutionary ideology===
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===Coincidence and the unpredictability of reality===
In contrast to the [[socialist realism]] that was imposed as the official artistic style of the [[Soviet Union]], Pasternak's novel relies heavily on unbelievable coincidences (a reliance for which the plot was criticized).<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Pasternak uses the frequently
==Literary criticism==
[[Edmund Wilson]] wrote of the novel: "Doctor Zhivago will, I believe, come to stand as one of the great events in man's literary and moral history
{{blockquote| Some literary critics "found that there was no real plot to the novel, that its chronology was confused, that the main characters were oddly effaced, that the author relied far too much on contrived coincidences."<ref name="ReferenceA">Richard Pevear, Introduction, Pevear & Volokhonsky trans.</ref> [[Vladimir Nabokov]], who had celebrated Pasternak's books of poetry as works of "pure, unbridled genius", however, considered the novel to be "a sorry thing, clumsy, trite and melodramatic, with stock situations, voluptuous lawyers, unbelievable girls, romantic robbers and trite coincidences."<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Michael|last= Scammell|title= The CIA's 'Zhivago'|magazine= The New York Review of Books|date= 10 July 2014|page= 40|url= http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2014/jul/10/cias-zhivago/?insrc=hpss|access-date= 3 July 2014|archive-date= 15 July 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140715050955/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2014/jul/10/cias-zhivago/?insrc=hpss|url-status= live}}</ref> On the other hand, some critics praised it for being things that, in the opinion of translator Richard Pevear, it was never meant to be: a moving love story, or a lyrical biography of a poet in which the individual is set against the grim realities of Soviet life.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> {{ ==Names and places==
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* ''Pasha'' (Паша): the diminutive form of "Pavel" (Павел), the Russian rendering of the name [[Paul (name)|Paul]].
* ''Strelnikov'' (Стрельников): Pasha/Pavel Antipov's pseudonym, ''strelok'' means "the shooter"; he is also called ''Rasstrelnikov'' (Расстрельников), which means "executioner".
* ''Yuriatin'' (Юрятин): the fictional town was based upon [[Perm, Russia|Perm]], near
* The public reading room at Yuriatin was based on the Pushkin Library, Perm.
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===Television===
* A 1959 Brazilian television series (currently unavailable) was the first screen adaptation.<ref>{{IMDb title|
* A 2002 British television serial, ''[[Doctor Zhivago (TV series)|Doctor Zhivago]]'' stars [[Hans Matheson]], [[Keira Knightley]], [[Alexandra Maria Lara]], and [[Sam Neill]]. It was broadcast by [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] in the UK in November 2002 and on ''[[Masterpiece Theatre]]'' in the US in November 2003.
* A 2006 Russian mini-series produced by [[Mosfilm]]. Its total running time is over 500 minutes (8 hours and 26 minutes).
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===Theatre===
* A musical called ''Doktor Zhivago'' premiered in [[Perm, Russia]] in the [[Ural (region)|Urals]] on 22 March 2007, and remained in the repertoire of Perm Drama Theatre throughout its 50th Anniversary year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://perm.rfn.ru/rnews.html?id=27023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211055255/http://perm.rfn.ru/rnews.html?id=27023 |archive-date=2013-12-11 | title=ГТРК "Пермь" / В Перми состоялась мировая премьера мюзикла "Доктор Живаго" }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gazeta.spb.ru/26848-0/ | title=Пермский театр привез в Петербург мюзикл
* ''[[Doctor Zhivago (musical)|Doctor Zhivago]]'' is a musical adaptation of the novel. It originally premiered as ''Zhivago'' at the [[La Jolla Playhouse]] in 2006. Ivan Hernandez played the title role.<ref>[http://www.sdnews.com/view/full_story/299018/article-La-Jolla-Playhouse-premieres-stirring--haunting--Zhivago- "La Jolla Playhouse premieres stirring, haunting ''Zhivago''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716023459/http://www.sdnews.com/view/full_story/299018/article-La-Jolla-Playhouse-premieres-stirring--haunting--Zhivago- |date=16 July 2011 }} by Charlene Baldridge, ''San Diego News''</ref> It was revised and premiered as ''Doctor Zhivago'' at the [[Lyric Theatre, Sydney]] in February 2011, starring [[Anthony Warlow]] and [[Lucy Maunder]]<ref>{{cite
* The Swedish-language musical ''Zjivago'' premiered at Malmö Opera in Sweden on 29 August 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malmoopera.se/forestallningar/doktor-zjivago |title=Doktor Zjivago | Malmö Opera |access-date=2015-05-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418090833/http://www.malmoopera.se/forestallningar/doktor-zjivago |archive-date=18 April 2015
* A musical was produced in Japan by the Takarazuka Revue in February 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kageki.hankyu.co.jp/revue/2018/doctorzhivago/index.html |title="ミュージカル『ドクトル・ジバゴ』" |access-date=25 November 2018 |archive-date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125162559/https://kageki.hankyu.co.jp/revue/2018/doctorzhivago/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
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==References==
{{Reflist
==Further reading==
* ''[http://www.feltrinellieditore.it/opera/opera/inside-the-zhivago-storm/ Inside the Zhivago Storm]'', by Paolo Mancosu, the story of the first publication of ''Doctor Zhivago'' and of the subsequent Russian editions in the West, {{ISBN|9788807990687}}
* ''[http://www.hooverpress.org/Zhivagos-Secret-Journey-P630.aspx/ Zhivago's Secret Journey: From
==External links==
{{commons category|Doctor Zhivago (book)}}
*[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2014/07/10/cias-zhivago/ The
* [http://zhivagostorm.org/ Inside the ''Zhivago'' Storm], website accompanying Mancosu's book.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061007123937/http://english.mn.ru/english/issue.php?2006-17-19 Homegrown ''Doctor Zhivago'' to Debut on Russian Television]
* [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/editorials/articles/2007/02/20/the_doctor_zhivago_caper/ "The ''Doctor Zhivago'' caper"] (editorial), ''[[The Boston Globe]]'', 20 February 2007.
*[http://www.robert-morgan.com/essays/the-wisest-book-i-ever-read/ "The Wisest Book I Ever Read"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129012043/http://www.robert-morgan.com/essays/the-wisest-book-i-ever-read/ |date=29 November 2014 }}, by Robert Morgan from ''[[The Raleigh News & Observer]]''.
*[http://www.pip-dickens.com/drzhivago.html 'The ''Dr Zhivago'' Drawings'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026183010/http://www.pip-dickens.com/drzhivago.html |date=26 October 2016 }} artist's rendering
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100926164133/http://www.drzhivago.com.au/home.html "''Doctor Zhivago'' – A New Musical"]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101110205814/http://www.utoronto.ca/tsq/10/barnes10.shtml 'The Poems of ''Doctor Zhivago''']
*[https://ecommons.cornell.edu/items/f27a9a23-0859-4cfa-8176-e73cd10d5ab9 Creation of Doctor Zhivago: a talk by E.B. Pasternak] - Cornell University Lecture Tape Collection, 1990
{{Doctor Zhivago}}
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