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Line 1: {{Short description\|Island and region of Japan}} {{about\|the island\|the dog breed\|Shikoku dog\|the 1999 Japanese film\|Shikoku (film)}} {{Multiple issues\| {{coord\|33\|45\|N\|133\|30\|E\|region:JP_type:isle_scale:2500000\|display=title}}▼ {{More citations needed\|date=July 2007}} {{expand Japanese\|topic=geo\|date=October 2024}} }} {{Infobox islands \|name = Shikoku \|native_name = {{nobold\|{{lang\|ja\|四国}}}} \|native_name_link = Japanese language \|native_name_lang = ja Line 32 ⟶ 35: \|timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time]] ([[UTC+9]]) }} {{nihongo\|'''Shikoku'''\|四国\|Shikoku\|{{lit\|~~literally "''~~four provinces~~''"~~}}}}, {{IPA\|ja\|ɕikokɯ}} is the smallest of the [[List of islands of Japan#Main islands\|four main islands]] of [[Japan]]. It is {{convert\|225\|km\|1mi\|~~abbr~~round=on5\|~~disp~~abbr=oroff}} long and between {{convert\|50\|and\|150\|km\|1mi\|~~abbr~~round=on5\|~~disp~~abbr=oroff}} ~~wide~~at its widest. It has a population of 3.8 million, ~~({{As~~the least populated of~~\|2015\|lc=y}},~~ ~~3.1%)~~Japan's four main islands. It is south of [[Honshu]] and northeast of [[Kyushu]].<ref name=honshu2>{{cite book\| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=90C4DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA16\| page=16\| title=The Philippine Archipelago\|first=Yves \|last=Boquet \|publisher=Springer\|year= 2017\|isbn= 9783319519265}}</ref> Shikoku's ancient names include ~~''Iyo-no-futana-shima'' (~~{{~~lang~~nihongo\|ja\|伊予之二名島\|Iyo-no-futana-shima}}), ~~''Iyo-shima'' (~~{{~~lang~~nihongo\|ja\|伊予島\|Iyo-shima}}), and ~~''Futana-shima'' (~~{{~~lang~~nihongo\|ja\|二名島\|Futana-shima}}), and its current name refers to the four former [[provinces of Japan\|provinces]] that ~~made~~make up the island: [[Awa Province (Tokushima)\|Awa]], [[Tosa Province\|Tosa]], [[Sanuki Province\|Sanuki]], and [[Iyo Province\|Iyo]].<ref name=tourism>{{cite web \|url=http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/location/rtg/pdf/pg-607.pdf \|title=Shikoku and Awaji Island \|publisher=Japan National Tourism Organization \|date=September 2011 \|access-date=2013-05-02 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204132833/http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/location/rtg/pdf/pg-607.pdf \|archive-date=2013-02-04 }}</ref>▼ ▲{{nihongo\|'''Shikoku'''\|四国\|\|literally "''four provinces''"}} is the smallest of the [[List of islands of Japan#Main islands\|four main islands]] of [[Japan]]. It is {{convert\|225\|km\|1\|abbr=on\|disp=or}} long and between {{convert\|50\|and\|150\|km\|1\|abbr=on\|disp=or}} wide. It has a population of 3.8 million ({{As of\|2015\|lc=y}}, 3.1%). It is south of [[Honshu]] and northeast of [[Kyushu]].<ref name=honshu2>{{cite book\| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=90C4DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA16\| page=16\| title=The Philippine Archipelago\|first=Yves \|last=Boquet \|publisher=Springer\|year= 2017\|isbn= 9783319519265}}</ref> Shikoku's ancient names include ''Iyo-no-futana-shima'' ({{lang\|ja\|伊予之二名島}}), ''Iyo-shima'' ({{lang\|ja\|伊予島}}), and ''Futana-shima'' ({{lang\|ja\|二名島}}), and its current name refers to the four former [[provinces of Japan\|provinces]] that made up the island: [[Awa Province (Tokushima)\|Awa]], [[Tosa Province\|Tosa]], [[Sanuki Province\|Sanuki]], and [[Iyo Province\|Iyo]].<ref name=tourism>{{cite web \|url=http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/location/rtg/pdf/pg-607.pdf \|title=Shikoku and Awaji Island \|publisher=Japan National Tourism Organization \|date=September 2011 \|access-date=2013-05-02 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204132833/http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/location/rtg/pdf/pg-607.pdf \|archive-date=2013-02-04 }}</ref> ==Geography== [[File:Chugoku-Region-Shikoku-Japan-ISS-Space.png\|thumb\|220x220px\|left\|[[Chūgoku region]] and Shikoku seen from the [[International Space Station]]]] Shikoku Island, comprising Shikoku and its surrounding ~~islets~~islands,<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Geography {{!}} The Science of Our World \|url=https://geography.com/ \|access-date=2024-04-29 \|website=geography.com}}</ref> covers about {{convert\|18800\|km2\|sqmi\|0}} and consists of four [[Prefectures of Japan\|prefectures]]: [[Ehime Prefecture\|Ehime]], [[Kagawa Prefecture\|Kagawa]], [[Kōchi Prefecture\|Kōchi]], and [[Tokushima Prefecture\|Tokushima]]. Across the [[Seto Inland Sea]] lie [[Wakayama Prefecture\|Wakayama]], [[Osaka Prefecture\|Osaka]], [[Hyōgo Prefecture\|Hyōgo]], [[Okayama Prefecture\|Okayama]], [[Hiroshima Prefecture\|Hiroshima]], and [[Yamaguchi Prefecture]]s on [[Honshu]]. To the west lie [[Ōita Prefecture\|Ōita]] and [[Miyazaki Prefecture]]s on [[Kyushu]]. [[File:Geofeatures_map_of_Shikoku_Japan_ja.svg\|left\|thumb\|Geofeatures map of Shikoku ]] Shikoku is ranked as the [[List of islands by area\|50th largest island by area]] in the world. Additionally, it is ranked as the [[List of islands by population\|23rd most populated island]] in the world, with a population density of 193 inhabitants per square kilometre (500/sq mi). Line 50 ⟶ 52: Shikoku has four important capes: Gamōda in [[Anan, Tokushima]] on the easternmost point on the island, Sada in [[Ikata\|Ikata, Ehime]] on the westernmost point. Muroto in [[Muroto, Kōchi]] and Ashizuri, the southern extreme of Shikoku, in [[Tosashimizu, Kōchi]], jut into the Pacific Ocean. The island's northernmost point is in [[Takamatsu]]. Unlike the other three major islands of Japan, Shikoku has no active volcanoes, and is the largest of Japan's islands to completely lack them.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/shikoku \|title=Shikoku: Frommer's Guide from \|publisher=Answers.com \|access-date=2012-02-28 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229183226/http://www.answers.com/topic/shikoku \|archive-date=2012-02-29 }}</ref> But Shikoku did experience volcanic activity in the distant prehistoric past; a major volcanic [[caldera]] in the area of Mount Ishizuchi was active during the [[Miocene]] around 14 million years ago<ref>{{Cite journal\|doi = 10.1111/iar.12182\|title = Timescale of magma chamber processes revealed by U-Pb ages, trace element contents and morphology of zircons from the Ishizuchi caldera, Southwest Japan Arc\|year = 2017\|last1 = Takehara\|first1 = Mami\|last2 = Horie\|first2 = Kenji\|last3 = Tani\|first3 = Kenichiro\|last4 = Yoshida\|first4 = Takeyoshi\|last5 = Hokada\|first5 = Tomokazu\|last6 = Kiyokawa\|first6 = Shoichi\|journal = Island Arc\|volume = 26\|issue = 2\|pages = e12182\| bibcode=2017IsArc..26E2182T \| s2cid=133362063 \|doi-access = ~~free~~}}</ref> and the small [[volcanic cone]] of [[Mount Iino]] at an unknown date.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://hikinginjapan.com/tag/mt-iino/\|title=Mount Iino\|access-date=2023-04-23}}</ref> ~~at an unknown date.~~ <gallery mode="packed"> File:Mount_Ishizuchi.jpg\|[[Mount Ishizuchi]] is the highest mountain in Shikoku. File:Ashizurimisaki Cape.JPG\|Cape Ashizuri is at the southernmost tip of Shikoku. File:Shimanto_sada_chinkabashi_fukin.jpg\|[[Shimanto River]] File:Seto-Inland-Sea-Photo.jpg\|Seto Inland Sea Line 76 ⟶ 78: ! style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"\| Population !rowspan=21\| {{center\|[[File:View from Kochi Castle Keep Tower 20170122-1.jpg\|150px]]<br /><small>[[File:Flag of Kochi, Kochi.svg\|border\|25x20px]] [[Kōchi, Kōchi\|Kōchi city]]</small><br />[[File:Tokushima City ~~Shiroyama~~View ~~distant~~from ~~view~~the Top of Bizan 20200405.~~JPG~~jpg\|150px]]<br /><small>[[File:Flag of Tokushima, Tokushima.svg\|border\|25x20px]] [[Tokushima (city)\|Tokushima city]]</small>}}<br /> \|- \| style=~~“text~~"text-align:center; background:#~~f0f0f0”~~f0f0f0"\|{{center\|1}} \|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Matsuyama, Ehime.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Matsuyama]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Ehime}} \|\| align=right\|507,137 \|\| style="text-align:center"\|11 \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Anan, Tokushima.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Anan, Tokushima\|Anan]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Tokushima}} \|\| align=right\|67,891 \|- \| style=~~“text~~"text-align:center; background:#~~f0f0f0”~~f0f0f0"\|{{center\|2}} \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Takamatsu, Kagawa.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Takamatsu]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Kagawa}} \|\| align=right\|414,363 \|\| style="text-align:center"\|12 \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Mitoyo, Kagawa.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Mitoyo, Kagawa\|Mitoyo]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Kagawa}} \|\| align=right\|60,106 \|- \| style=~~“text~~"text-align:center; background:#~~f0f0f0”~~f0f0f0"\|{{center\|3}} \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Kochi, Kochi.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Kōchi, Kōchi\|Kōchi]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Kōchi}} \|\| align=right\|321,910 \|\| style="text-align:center"\|13 \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Kanonji, Kagawa.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Kan'onji, Kagawa\|Kan'onji]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Kagawa}} \|\| align=right\|56,258 \|- \| style=~~“text~~"text-align:center; background:#~~f0f0f0”~~f0f0f0"\|{{center\|4}} \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Tokushima, Tokushima.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Tokushima (city)\|Tokushima]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Tokushima}} \|\| align=right\|250,150 \|\| style="text-align:center"\|14 \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Naruto, Tokushima.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Naruto, Tokushima\|Naruto]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Tokushima}} \|\| align=right\|53,368 \|- \| style=~~“text~~"text-align:center; background:#~~f0f0f0”~~f0f0f0"\|{{center\|5}} \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Imabari, Ehime.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Imabari, Ehime\|Imabari]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Ehime}} \|\| align=right\|147,334 \|\| style="text-align:center"\|15 \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Sakaide, Kagawa.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Sakaide, Kagawa\|Sakaide]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Kagawa}} \|\| align=right\|49,487 \|- \| style=~~“text~~"text-align:center; background:#~~f0f0f0”~~f0f0f0"\|{{center\|6}} \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Niihama, Ehime.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Niihama]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Ehime}} \|\| align=right\|113,755 \|\| style="text-align:center"\|16 \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Sanuki, Kagawa.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Sanuki, Kagawa\|Sanuki]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Kagawa}} \|\| align=right\|45,763 \|- \| style=~~“text~~"text-align:center; background:#~~f0f0f0”~~f0f0f0"\|{{center\|7}} \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Marugame, Kagawa.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Marugame, Kagawa\|Marugame]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Kagawa}} \|\| align=right\|108,744 \|\| style="text-align:center"\|17 \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Nankoku, Kochi.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Nankoku, Kōchi\|Nankoku]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Kōchi}} \|\| align=right\|46,176 \|- \| style=~~“text~~"text-align:center; background:#~~f0f0f0”~~f0f0f0"\|{{center\|8}} \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Saijō, Ehime.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Saijō, Ehime\|Saijō]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Ehime}} \|\| align=right\|102,830 \|\| style="text-align:center"\|18 \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Ōzu, Ehime.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Ōzu, Ehime\|Ōzu]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Ehime}} \|\| align=right\|39,352 \|- \| style=~~“text~~"text-align:center; background:#~~f0f0f0”~~f0f0f0"\|{{center\|9}} \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of ~~Shikokuchuo~~Shikokuchūō, Ehime.~~JPG~~svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Shikokuchūō]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Ehime}} \|\| align=right\|80,952 \|\| style="text-align:center"\|19 \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Yoshinogawa, Tokushima.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Yoshinogawa, Tokushima\|Yoshinogawa]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Tokushima}} \|\| align=right\|37,707 \|- \| style=~~“background~~"background:#~~f0f0f0”~~f0f0f0"\|{{center\|10}} \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Uwajima, Ehime.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Uwajima, Ehime\|Uwajima]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Ehime}} \|\| align=right\|68,213 \|\| style="text-align:center"\|20 \|\|align=left \| [[File:Flag of Komatsushima, Tokushima.svg\|border\|25x20px]] '''[[Komatsushima, Tokushima\|Komatsushima]]''' \|\| {{flag\|Tokushima}} \|\| align=right\|35,288 \|} Line 105 ⟶ 107: File:Takamatsu-M3687.jpg\|[[Takamatsu\|Takamatsu City]] File:高知城天守からの景色3 Kochi Castle - panoramio.jpg\|[[Kōchi, Kōchi\|Kōchi City]] File:Tokushima City ~~Shiroyama~~View ~~distant~~from ~~view~~the Top of Bizan 20200405.~~JPG~~jpg\|[[Tokushima, Tokushima\|Tokushima City]] </gallery> Line 129 ⟶ 131: ===Society and architecture=== Shikoku has historically been ~~rather~~quite isolated and therefore it has kept the original characteristics of Japan for a longer period, especially in regards to vegetation and some architectural techniques. There are many Buddhist temples. The "lost" Shikoku has been described by an American writer, [[Alex Kerr (Japanologist)\|Alex Kerr]], who lived in a remote mountain village near Oboke (大歩危) for many years from 1970 onwards. [[Ashizuri-Uwakai National Park]] is located in the south-~~western~~west part of Shikoku. ===Traditions=== [[File:Yosakoi Performers at Kochi Yosakoi Matsuri 2008 40.jpg\|thumb\|[[Yosakoi]] festival.]] Shikoku is also famous for its [[Shikoku Pilgrimage\|88-temple pilgrimage]] of temples. The pilgrimage was established by the Heian-period Buddhist priest [[Kūkai]], a native of present-day Zentsūji-cho in Kagawa prefecture. According to legend, Kūkai still appears to pilgrims today. Most modern-day pilgrims travel by bus, rarely choosing the old-fashioned method of going by foot. They are seen wearing white jackets emblazoned with the characters reading ''dōgyō ninin'' ({{lang\|ja\|同行二人}}) meaning "two traveling together". Line 155 ⟶ 157: [[File:Botchan Stadium(20160416) 02.jpg\|thumb\|left\|[[Shikoku Island League Plus]] ([[Ehime Mandarin Pirates]])]] [[File:Naruto Athletic 1.JPG\|thumb\|[[J. League]] ([[Tokushima Vortis]])]] Historically no Shikoku-based [[sports]] team has competed in the top Japanese division of [[Japanese baseball\|baseball]], [[Football in Japan\|football (soccer)]] or even [[Rugby union in Japan\|rugby union]]. However, Tokushima Vortis have had two spells in the top flight of Japanese soccer ([[J1 League\|J1]]) in 2014 and 2021. Currently the major teams competing in Shikoku's major cities include: [[Naruto, Tokushima\|Naruto]], [[Tokushima Prefecture\|Tokushima]]: [[Tokushima Vortis]] (football, [[J.J2 League ~~Division 2~~\|J2]]), [[Tokushima Indigo Socks]] (baseball, [[Shikoku-Kyūshū Island League\|SKIL]]) [[Matsuyama, Ehime\|Matsuyama]], [[Ehime Prefecture\|Ehime]]: [[Ehime ~~F.C.~~FC]] (~~J2)~~football, J2) [[Ehime Mandarin Pirates]] (baseball, SKIL) [[Imabari, Ehime\|Imabari]], [[Ehime Prefecture\|Ehime]]: [[FC Imabari]] (J3football, J2) [[Takamatsu]], [[Kagawa Prefecture\|Kagawa]]: [[Kamatamare Sanuki]] (football, [[J.J3 League ~~division 3~~\|J3]]), [[Kagawa Olive Guyners]] (baseball, SKIL) [[Kōchi, Kōchi\|Kōchi]], [[Kōchi Prefecture\|Kōchi]]: [[Kōchi ~~Fighting~~United ~~Dogs~~SC]] (~~SKIL~~football, J3) ~~[[Kōchi United SC]]~~ [[Kōchi Fighting Dogs]] (baseball, SKIL) ===Notable sportspeople=== Line 175 ⟶ 186: [[Honshū-Shikoku Bridge Project#Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway\|Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway]] (Eastern Shikoku) * [[Honshū-Shikoku Bridge Project#Seto-Chūō Expressway\|Seto-Chūō Expressway]] (Central Shikoku)▼ * [[Nishiseto Expressway]] (Western Shikoku) ▲* [[Honshū-Shikoku Bridge Project#Seto-Chūō Expressway\|Seto-Chūō Expressway]] (Central Shikoku) The eastern gateway to Shikoku, [[Naruto, Tokushima\|Naruto]] in [[Tokushima Prefecture]] has been linked to the [[Honshū-Shikoku Bridge Project#Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway\|Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway]] since 1998. This line connects Shikoku to the [[Kansai]] area which has a large population, including the large [[conurbation]]s of [[Osaka]], [[Kyoto]], and [[Kobe]]. Therefore, the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway carries a large traffic volume. Many highway buses are operated between [[Kansai]] and [[Tokushima Prefecture]]. Line 187 ⟶ 198: The [[Shikoku Railway Company]] (JR Shikoku) serves the island and connects to Honshu via the [[Great Seto Bridge]]. JR lines include: * [[Yosan Line]]▼ * [[Dosan Line]] * [[~~Seto~~Honshi ~~Ōhashi~~Bisan Line]]▼ * [[Kōtoku Line]] * [[Tokushima Line]] * [[Mugi Line]] * [[Naruto Line]] * [[Seto Ōhashi Line]] ▲* [[~~Yosan~~Tokushima Line]] * [[Uchiko Line]] * [[Yodo Line]] * [[~~Honshi Bisan~~Yosan Line]] ▲* [[Seto Ōhashi Line]] Private railway lines operate in each of the four prefectures on Shikoku. Line 204 ⟶ 216: Shikoku lacks a full international airport but has four regional/domestic airports ([[Tokushima Airport]], [[Takamatsu Airport]], [[Ryoma Airport\|Kōchi Ryōma Airport]] and [[Matsuyama Airport]]). All of these airports have flights to Tokyo and other major Japanese cities such as [[Osaka]], [[Nagoya]], [[Sapporo]], and [[Fukuoka, Fukuoka\|Fukuoka]]. International flights to [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]] are serviced by [[Asiana Airlines]] from [[Matsuyama, Ehime\|Matsuyama]] and [[Takamatsu]]. There are periodic international charter flights as well. '''Sea Travel''' Ferries link Shikoku to destinations including Honshu, [[Kyushu]], and islands around Shikoku. Line 210 ⟶ 222: ==See also== {{Portal\|Japan\|Islands\|Geography}} [[Geography of Japan]]▼ [[Japanese archipelago]] ▲[[Geography of Japan]] [[Regions of Japan]] [[Shikoku dialect]] Line 220 ⟶ 232: == External links == ~~{{Commons category}}~~ {{Wiktionary}} ~~{{Wikivoyage}}~~ [https://web.archive.org/web/20100904125626/http://www.domo.com/kitaro/kukai.php Kitaro Shikoku Peace Bell Project] {{Sister bar\|auto=y}} {{Regions and administrative divisions of Japan}} ▲{{Authority control}}{{coord\|33\|45\|N\|133\|30\|E\|region:JP_type:isle_scale:2500000\|display=title}} ~~{{Authority control}}~~ [[Category:Shikoku region\| ]]