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|Ship name=MV ''Stellar Banner''
|Ship owner=VP-12 Shipping, Inc.<ref name=marineinsurancenews>{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104011437/https://insurancemarinenews.com/insurance-marine-news/stellar-banner-grounding-occurred-after-deviation-from-planned-route/ |title=Stellar Banner grounding occurred after deviation from planned route |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 3 November 2021 |website=insurancemarinenews.com |publisher=Insurance Marine News |access-date=15 July 2024}}</ref>
|Ship operator=Polaris Shipping Co., Ltd., {{nowrap|[[Seoul]], [[South Korea]]}}<ref name=marineinsurancenews/>
|Ship registry={{flag country|Marshall Islands|variant|size=|name=Marshall Islands}}<ref name=marineinsurancenews/>
|Ship route=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Hyundai Heavy Industries Group]],<ref name=marineinsurancenews/> [[Gunsan]], South Korea
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=
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|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship identification=*[[IMO number]] 9726803<ref name=marineinsurancenews/>
*[[MMSI]] 538006941
|Ship fate=[[Scuttling|Scuttled]] 12 June 2020▼
* Call sign V7TC5
|Ship fate=*Ran aground 24 February 2020<ref name=marineinsurancenews/>
|Ship notes=
}}
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|Ship class=
|Ship type=[[Very large ore carrier]]
|Ship tonnage=*151,596 [[Gross register ton|grt]]<ref name=marineinsurancenews/>
*300,660 [[Deadweight ton|dwt]]
|Ship displacement=
|Ship length={{convert|340|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name=swzmaritime>{{cite web |url=https://swzmaritime.nl/news/2020/06/15/videos-stellar-banner-becomes-largest-ship-to-be-sunk-deliberately/ |title=Videos – Stellar Banner becomes largest ship to be sunk deliberately |last=Buitendijk |first=Mariska |date= 15 June 2020 |website=swzmaritime.nl |publisher=SWZ Maritime |access-date=16 July 2024}}</ref> ([[Length overall|overall]])
|Ship beam={{convert|55|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name=swzmaritime/>
|Ship height=
|Ship draught=
|Ship draft=*{{convert|19.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (average)
*{{convert|21.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (maximum)
|Ship depth=
|Ship decks=
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'''''Stellar Banner''''' was a [[Marshall Islands|Marshallese]] [[very large ore carrier]] (VLOC)
==Construction and career history==
''Stellar Banner'' was a [[very large ore carrier]] constructed at [[Gunsan]], {{nowrap|[[South Korea]]}} by [[Hyundai Heavy Industries Group]] in 2016. Registered in the [[Marshall Islands|Republic of the Marshall Islands]], she was named ''Stallar'' and ''Hyundai Gunsan 2745'' before being renamed ''Stellar Banner''.
==Loss==
''Stellar Banner'' departed [[Ponta da Madeira]], [[Brazil]], bound for [[Qingdao]], [[China]], on 24 February 2020 with a cargo of {{convert|294,871|t|LT ST|lk=on}} of [[iron ore]].<ref name=marineinsurancenews/><ref name=offshoreenergy>{{cite web |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/stellar-banner-scuttled-after-being-declared-unseaworthy/ |title=Stellar Banner scuttled after being declared unseaworthy |last=Mandra |first=Jasmina Ovcina |date= 15 June 2020 |website=offshore-energy.biz |publisher=Offshore Energy |access-date=16 July 2024}}</ref> Her [[Sea captain|captain]] decided to deviate from his planned route during ''Stellar Banner''′s outbound transit of [[Baía de São Marcos]] and pass within {{convert|1|nmi|lk=in}} of a {{convert|20|m|0|adj=on}} [[shoal]] in an area in which the [[nautical chart]]s aboard ''Stellar Banner'' provided only limited [[Hydrography|hydrographic]] information.<ref name=marineinsurancenews/> Her [[Hull (ship)|hull]] struck bottom<ref name=marineinsurancenews/> and she suffered heavy [[Bow (ship)|bow]] damage.<ref name=swzmaritime/><ref name=maritimeexecutive>{{cite web |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/very-large-ore-carrier-stellar-banner-to-be-scuttled |title=Polaris VLOC Stellar Banner to be Scuttled |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 9 June 2020 |website=maritime-executive.com |publisher=The Maritime Executive |access-date=15 July 2024}}</ref> which caused many voids and water [[ballast tank]]s to begin to flood.<ref name=marineinsurancenews/>
''Stellar Banner'' [[anchor]]ed, and her crew assessed the damage and tried to control the flooding with fixed and portable [[pump]]s.<ref name=marineinsurancenews/> After several hours, the crew determined that [[sea water]] was flooding the ship more quickly than the pumps could pump it out.<ref name=marineinsurancenews/> The captain then moved ''Stellar Banner'' to shallower water and intentionally ran her aground about {{convert|100|km|nmi mi}} off [[São Luís, Maranhão|São Luís]], Brazil, on the morning of 25 February 2020 to prevent her from sinking.<ref name=marineinsurancenews/><ref name=maritimeexecutive/> She took on a heavy [[Angle of list|list]] to [[Port and starboard|starboard]] after grounding.<ref name=maritimeexecutive/> Her crew of 20 was evacuated safely.<ref name=maritimeexecutive/>
In March 2020, a [[Marine salvage|salvage]] effort began in which salvors first removed {{convert|3,500|t|0|abbr=off}} — about {{convert|3,900|m3|sigfig=3}} — of [[fuel oil]] and {{convert|140|t|0|abbr=off}} of [[diesel fuel]] from the ship, a process which took about a month and was completed on 12 April 2020.<ref name=marineinsurancenews/><ref name=maritimeexecutive/> Shortly afterward, the [[lightering]] of the ship’s cargo of iron ore began.<ref name=marineinsurancenews/><ref name=maritimeexecutive/> Sources differ on the amount of iron ore removed, one stating that by 27 May 2020, salvors had lightered about {{convert|145,000|t|abbr=off}} of iron ore,<ref name=marineinsurancenews/> and another that {{convert|140,000|t|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} had been removed when lightering concluded on 2 June 2020.<ref name=maritimeexecutive/> According to the [[Brazilian Navy]], lightering and other measures reduced ''Stellar Banner''′s list from 25 to 13 degrees.<ref name=maritimeexecutive/>
''Stellar Banner'' was refloated on 3 June 2020<ref name=maritimeexecutive/> and immediately was [[Towing|towed]] to deeper water and anchored.<ref name=marineinsurancenews/> There her [[ship classification society]], the Korean Shipping Register, assisted by commercial [[Underwater diving|divers]] and a [[remotely operated underwater vehicle]] team, conducted a damage survey which determined that she was a [[constructive total loss]].<ref name=marineinsurancenews/> The ship's scrap value alone probably totaled several million [[United States dollar]]s or [[euro]]s<!--Dutch source states "several millions" without specifying whether it is using local currency (euros) or the U.S. dollar, commonly used in internatioal transactions.--> and about {{convert|150,000|t|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} of iron ore remained aboard, but Polaris Shipping — citing unacceptable safety issues that would arise in any attempt to tow the ship to port — apparently determined that the cost of bringing the ship to port to unload her remaining cargo and sell her for scrap would exceed the value of the ship and her cargo and proposed [[scuttling]] ''Stellar Banner'' in deep water instead as a means of disposing of her.<ref name=swzmaritime/><ref name=maritimeexecutive/>
The Brazilian Navy concluded that the iron ore, navigation equipment, and basic machinery remaining aboard ''Stellar Banner'' posed no threat to marine life or the environment and approved the scuttling plan.<ref name=maritimeexecutive/><ref name=offshoreenergy/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1132624/Stellar-Banner-declared-as-constructive-total-loss|title=Stellar Banner declared as constructive total loss|website=Lloyd's List}}</ref> After the removal of all floating objects, mooring lines, and oil and oily residue left aboard her, ''Stellar Banner'' was [[Scuttling|scuttled]] with about {{convert|145,000|to|150,000|t}} of iron ore still aboard on 12 June 2020 in more than {{convert|2,700|meters|sigfig=2}} of water in the South [[Atlantic Ocean]] about {{convert|80|nmi}} off [[Maranhão]], Brazil, at a point {{convert|55|to|60|nmi|0}} northeast of the entrance to the Baía de São Marcos approach channel.<ref name=marineinsurancenews/><ref name=maritimeexecutive/> She took 20 minutes to {{nowrap|sink.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}}}} Huge fountains of red iron ore sprayed into the air as she sank,<ref name=swzmaritime/> and her [[Funnel (ship)|funnel]] detached from her [[Superstructure (ship)|superstructure]],<ref name=swzmaritime/> then resurfaced and drifted for approximately a minute before also {{nowrap|sinking.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}}}} The [[anchor handling tug supply vessel]] ''Bear'', the multi-purpose supply vessel (a type of [[platform supply vessel]]) ''Normand Installer'', a Brazilian Navy [[patrol vessel]], and an [[oil spill]] response vessel stood by as she was scuttled.<ref name=maritimeexecutive/> At the time, she reportedly was the largest ship ever scuttled.<ref name=swzmaritime/>
During the weekend of 12–14 June 2020, a [[Boeing P-8 Poseidon|Poseidon]] aircraft conducted overflights of the area of the sinking and found no evidence of oil escaping from ''Stellar Banner''′s sunken wreck, according to the Brazilian Navy.<ref name=offshoreenergy/> The oil spill response vessel ''Água Marinha'' and the ocean support vessel ''Iguatemi'' also monitored the area for 72 hours after ''Stellar Banner'' sank.<ref name=offshoreenergy/>
== Investigation ==
On 26 October 2021, the Maritime Administrator of the {{nowrap|[[Marshall Islands|Republic of the Marshall Islands]]}} published a [[Marine accident investigation|casualty investigation report]] on the loss of ''Stellar Banner''. The report concluded that the most significant cause of the accident was the ship's deviation from her planned route when transiting the [[Baía de São Marcos]], and pointed also to deficiencies in on-board management and in the information available on [[nautical charts]].<ref name=
== References ==
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{{2020 shipwrecks}}
{{coord missing|Atlantic Ocean}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stellar Banner}}
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