Peryn: Difference between revisions

[[File:Новгород Перынина пустынь с Волхова.JPG|thumb|upright=1.35|The bank of Peryn. The idol was reportedly thrown into the river here. According to the plan,{{sfn|Sedov|2009|p=32}} the shrine was located on the hill right behind the <br>vinous {{what?|date=December 2024}} roof of the monastery's utility building in the picture]]

{{See also|PerounPerun}}

[[Novgorod]] was a centre of [[Slavic paganism]] in the Dark Ages. Accordingly, the Peryn island appears to have played a role similar to that of the [[Vatican Hill]] in the sense of its functions in the medieval NovgrorodNovgorod and its later history. The name "Peryn" is related to the Slavic god [[Perun]],{{sfn|Rybakov|1987|p=253}}{{sfn|Herberstein|1852|p=26}}{{sfn|Jakobson|1955|p=615}} whose shrine was there in the 10th century.{{sfn|Sedov|1953|p=99}} The results of archaeological excavations under the guidance of [[:ru:Седов, Валентин Васильевич|Valentin Sedov]] described in his survey of Peryn,{{refn|group=nb|See the full text of the survey by Sedov in Russian at {{Harvnb|Sedov|1953}}}} suggest that Peryn was a sacred place from ancient times.{{sfn|Sedov|1953|p=99}} It is likely that the area has seen several pagan shrines, replacing one with another over time.{{sfn|Rybakov|1987|p=278}} The best known is the heathen shrine, established there in 980. [[Early Slavs]] used to set up anthropomorphic statues of wood, picturing their gods to serve the cult, and in 980 in Peryn it was carried out this way:

''A settler of the valley of [[:ru:Питьба|Pitba]] ''[a river]'' went to the river in the early morning, preparing to go to the city to sell pottery; ''[the idol of]'' Perun hit the shore, and ''[the man]'' pushed away the idol with a stick, saying: “You say, Perun, you had enough to eat and drink, so get away now”, and [[PerounPerun|the vicious one]] floated away''"

The Christianization and ravaging of the shrines was a great tragedy for the people.<ref>{{Harvnb|Rybakov|1987}}, pp. 80 - 81</ref> They wept and cried out for mercy with their gods, and [[Dobrynya]] reportedly mocked them in response: ''"What, madmen? Are you mourning those who are not able to protect themselves ''[on their own]''? What benefits do you expect from them?"''.<ref>{{Harvnb|Tatischev|1768|p=40}}: ''"Что, безумен, сожалеете о тех, которые себя оборонить не могут! Кую пользу вы от них чаять можете!"'' ([[Early Modern Russian]] adoptation of the [[Old East Slavic]])</ref> Some people, who did not will to betray [[Slavic paganism|their deities]], started to pretend they have already been baptized.<ref>{{Harvnb|Tatischev|1768|p=40}}</ref> In response, [[Dobrynya]] ordered that the citizens be checked to checkdetermine which of them were wearing crosses and “''not to believe and to baptize''”<ref>{{Harvnb|Tatischev|1768|p=40}}: "Не вериши и крестити" ([[Old East Slavic|Old East Slavic language]], [[Old Novgorod dialect]])</ref> those who wearwore no cross.

"''...The elder son of Sloven called Volhv{{refn|group=nb|The name "Volhv" is an appellative of the word "[[Volkhvy|volhv]]}} was a devil worshipper and a wizard, and was ferocious towards people. He ''[used to]'' achieve many dreams by means of devilish tricks and turn himself into a ferocious beast, a crocodile, lying down deeply in the [[Volkhov River|river Volhov]] on a waterway, devouring some who did not worship him, and lacerating and drowning others. For that sake, people called him the real god of the thunder, or Perun, as in Russian ''[the author means the ancient language, [[Old East Slavic]] ]'' thunder is called “Perun”. He, the damned wizard, erected a small burg for the sake of midnight dreamings and devilish assemblies in a certain place called Peryn ''[in the original variant - Perynia]'', where an idol of Perun stood ''[before]''. And they gossip about the wizard ignorantly: "''[He]'' was appointed to ''[the pantheon of]'' gods, embodying [[Peroun|the Vicious]]".''

"''Больший же сын оного князя Словена Волхв бесоугодник и чародей и лют в людех тогда бысть, и бесовскими ухищреньми мечты творя многи, и преобразуяся во образ лютаго зверя коркодила, и залегаше в той реце Волхове путь водный, и не поклоняющих же ся ему овых пожираше, овых же испроверзая и утопляя. Сего же ради людие, тогда невегласи, сущим богом окаяннаго того нарицая и Грома его, или Перуна, рекоша, руским бо языком гром перун именуется. Постави же он, окаянный чародей, нощных ради мечтаний и собирания бесовскаго градок мал на месте некоем, зовомо Перыня, иде же и кумир Перунов стояше. И баснословят о сем волхве невегласи, глаголюще: "В боги сел, окаяннаго претворяюще".''

| region = [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]]

After the 1917 [[October Revolution]], the monastery was closed and revagedravaged once again.<ref name=thewebsite/> A decree to abolish all the monasteries in the [[Novgorod Oblast|Novgorod governorate]] was issued by the new Regional Council in August 1919.<ref name=thewebsite/> Subsequently, the bell tower, the fence and the southern utility building were disassembled for bricks.<ref name=thewebsite/> The bricks were used to build a depository for ice in the monastery land.<ref name=thewebsite/> The church was used as a storehouse.<ref name=thewebsite/> The remaining buildings were transferred to a fishing enterprise.<ref name=thewebsite/> When [[Leningrad-Novgorod Offensive|Novgorod was occupied during World War II]], the battle line came close to the monastery, but it was not badly harmed.<ref name=thewebsite/>

| region = [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]]

* {{cite book|author1=Nosov Evgeny|authorlink1=:ru:Носов,_Евгений_Николаевич Евгений Николаевич|editor1-last=Yanin |editor1-first=Valentin|title=Veliky Novgorod: istoriă i kultura IX-XVII vekov. Enciklopedičesky slovar|date=2007 |publisher=Nestor-Istoria|location=Saint Petersburg|chapter=Peryn|isbn=978-5-89740-080-5|pages=379–381 |language=ru}}

* {{cite journal|last1=Nosov|first1=Evgeny|authorlink1=:ru:Носов,_Евгений_Николаевич Евгений Николаевич|title=New data on Ruyrik Gorodische in Novgorod|journal=Fennoscandia Archeologica|date=1987|issue=IV|pages=73–85 |url=http://www.sarks.fi/fa/PDF/FA4_73.pdf|access-date=17 April 2015}}