Zhmaylo uprising: Difference between revisions

In the late 16th century, the Poland introduced the institution of the [[CossackRegistered registerCossacks]], which granted some priviligesprivileges to the militant [[Cossack]] people inhabiting territories of today [[Ukraine]], then mostly controlled by Poland.<ref name=pod26/> Cossacks were allowed to serve in special unitunits in the Polish military, but during the times of peace, the Poles atendedintended to reduce the number of Cossacks on the register, and turn them into peasants.<ref name=pod26/> This happened again after the [[Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621)|Polish-Ottoman War]], in which aftermath the 40,000 of mobilized Cossacks led then by Hetman [[Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny]] were reduced to 5,000.<ref name=pod26/>

In response, the Cossacks begun somebegan diplomatic endeavors with thetheir Commonwealth's neighbors, including the [[Tatars|Tatar]]s and the [[Tsardom of Russia|Muscovy]].<ref name=pod27/> The Polish-Lithuanian government sent a special commission headed by [[hetmanHetman]] [[Stanisław Koniecpolski]], but two attempts atto negotiationsnegotiate a truce failed.<ref name=pod27/> In September of 1625 Koniecpolski gathered an army to quell the unrest.<ref name=pod27/>

==Opposing forcesPrelude==

HisAccording to [[Leszek Podhorodecki]], his forces numbered about 12,000, with 30 artillery pieces,;<ref name=pod27/> and were composed of the regular army ([[wojsko kwarciane|regular army]]), boosted by registerRegistered Cossacks, and forces of local nobility, both the [[pospolite ruszenie]] and some [[chorągiew]] units sponsored by the [[magnate]]s.<ref name=pod27/> The Cossack leader, [[Marek Zhmaylo]] had numerical superiority, gatheredgathering about 20,000 men under his banners.<ref name=pod27/>

On October 6 Koniecpolski left [[Bila Tserkva]], and headed south.<ref name=pod27/> Zhmaylo planned to draw the Polish army into the steppes, tire it out, cut its logistics, and only then engage it.<ref name=pod27/> In the meantime, he retreated south, offering some resistance in the area of the village of [[Moszna]] and the river [[Cybulnik]].<ref name=pod27/> On the 24 October the Poles reached the town of [[Kryłów]] (Крилів), where the Cossacks havehad created a fortified camp.<ref name=pod27/> There the Poles dispersed the Cossack cavalry and assaulted their [[tabor formation]].<ref name=pod27/> The Cossacks held during the day, but attempted to withdraw in the night, a move which turned into a panicked retreat.<ref name=pod28/>

<ref name=pod26>{{cite book|author=Leszek Podhorodecki|title=Stefan Czarniecki|url=httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=TsjIAAAACAAJ|accessdateaccess-date=22 June 2012|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Ksia̜żka i Wiedza|isbn=978-83-86170-36-4|page=26}}</ref>

<ref name=pod27>{{cite book|author=Leszek Podhorodecki|title=Stefan Czarniecki|url=httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=TsjIAAAACAAJ|accessdateaccess-date=22 June 2012|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Ksia̜żka i Wiedza|isbn=978-83-86170-36-4|page=27}}</ref>

<ref name=pod28>{{cite book|author=Leszek Podhorodecki|title=Stefan Czarniecki|url=httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=TsjIAAAACAAJ|accessdateaccess-date=22 June 2012|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Ksia̜żka i Wiedza|isbn=978-83-86170-36-4|page=28}}</ref>

<ref name=pod29>{{cite book|author=Leszek Podhorodecki|title=Stefan Czarniecki|url=httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=TsjIAAAACAAJ|accessdateaccess-date=22 June 2012|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Ksia̜żka i Wiedza|isbn=978-83-86170-36-4|page=29}}</ref>

[[Category:History17th ofcentury Ukrainein the Zaporozhian Host]]

[[Category:1625 in Europethe Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]