Synanthrope: Difference between revisions

{{short description|SynanthropeWild animal or plant that lives near and benefits from people}}

A '''synanthrope''' (from theancient Greek σύν ''synsýn'', "together, with" +and ἄνθρωπος ''anthroposánthrōpos'', "man") is aan member[[organism]] ofthat a[[evolution|evolve]]d to live near [[specieshuman]]s ofand wildbenefit from [[animalhuman settlement]]s orand [[planthuman impact on the environment|their environmental modifications]] that(see livesalso near,[[anthropophilia]] andfor benefitsanimals from,who anlive associationclose withto humans as [[humanparasite]]s). beingThe term includes many [[animal]]s and the[[plant]]s somewhatregarded artificialas habitats[[pest that(organism)|pest]]s peopleor create[[weed]]s, aroundbut themselvesdoes (seenot include [[anthropophiliadomestication|domesticated]]) species.<ref Suchname="sprawl" habitats/> Common synanthrope [[habitat]]s include houses[[house]]s, gardens[[shed]]s and [[barn]]s, farms[[non-building structure]]s, roadsides[[garden]]s, [[park]]s, [[farm]]s, [[road verge]]s and [[rubbish dumpsdump]]s.

Examples of synanthropes are various [[insect]] species ([[louse|lice]], [[ant]]s, [[silverfish]], [[cockroach]]es, et.), [[house sparrow]]s, [[rock dove]]s (pigeons), various [[rodent]] species, [[Virginia opossum]]s, [[raccoon]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citylab.com/life/2018/09/delving-into-the-nocturnal-city-of-the-synanthrope/570352/|title=Night of the Living Synanthropes|last=Meier|first=Allison C.|website=CityLab|language=en|access-date=2019-09-06}}</ref> certain [[monkey]] species, [[coyote]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gothamcoyote.com/|title=Home|website=Gotham Coyote|language=en|access-date=2019-09-06}}</ref> urban [[feral]]s, and other [[urban wildlife]].<ref name="sprawl">{{cite book |first=Elizabeth Ann |last=Johnson |author2=Michael W. Klemens |lastauthoramp=yes |title =Nature in fragments: the legacy of sprawl |publisher=Columbia University Press |year =2005 |page=212 |isbn=978-0-231-12779-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_SqsP5gXdj4C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> The [[brown rat]] is counted as one of the most prominent synanthropic animals and can be found in almost every place there are people. Rats benefit from living alongside humans.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20716625|title=Are you never more than 6ft away from a rat?|last=Pritchard|first=Charlotte|date=2012-12-17|access-date=2019-09-06|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://synpreserve.com/|title=Synanthrope Preserve|website=synpreserve.com|access-date=2019-09-06}}</ref>

InSynanthropic plants include [[pineapple weed]], [[dandelion]], [[chicory]], and [[Plantago|plantain]]. Plant synanthropes are classified into two main types - apophytes and anthropophytes.

'''Apophytes''' are synanthropic species that are native in origin. They can be subdivided into the following:<ref name="castri">{{cite book|author1=Francesco Di Castri |author2=A. J. Hansen |author3=M. Debussche |lastname-authorlist-ampstyle=yesamp |title =Biological invasions in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin|publisher =Springer|year =1990|page=52|isbn =978-0-7923-0411-1|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=z7y-Fo2RT8IC&pg=PA52&dq=Synanthrope&hl=en&ei=ChbKTZCzKMfjrAeE4NWgBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Synanthrope&fpg=falsePA52}}</ref>

*Naturalized or Neophytes – involuntarily introduced plants that now appearsappear to thrive along with the native flora indefinitely.

*[[UrbanAdventive wildlifeplant]]

*[[SatoyamaArchaeophyte]]