Wikipedia

Synanthrope: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Fixed for readability.
Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit
→top: Added links
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile app edit Android app edit App section source
 
(26 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown)
Line 2:
[[File:Pigeons and tourists.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Rock dove|Pigeons]] intermingle with tourists in [[Venice]]]]
 
A '''synanthrope''' (from theancient Greek σύν ''synsýn'', "together, with" +and ἄνθρωπος ''anthroposánthrōpos'', "man") is an [[organism]] that lives[[evolution|evolve]]d to live near [[human]]s and benefitsbenefit from humans[[human settlement]]s and their[[human impact on the environment|their environmental modifications]] (see also [[anthropophilia]] for animals who live close to humans as [[parasite]]s). The term includes many [[animal]]s and [[plant]]s regarded as [[pest (organism)|pest]]s or [[weed]]s, but does not include [[domestication|domesticated]] species.<ref name="sprawl" /> Common synanthrope [[habitat]]s include [[house]]s, [[shed]]s and [[barn]]s, [[non-building structure]]s, [[garden]]s, [[park]]s, [[farm]]s, [[road verge]]s and [[rubbish dump]]s.
 
== Zoology ==
Common synanthrope habitats include houses, gardens, farms, roadsides and rubbish dumps.
Examples of synanthropes are various species of [[insect]] speciess ([[ant]]s, [[louse|lice]], [[bedbug]]s, [[silverfish]], [[cockroach]]es, etc.), [[myriopod]]s ([[millipede]]s and [[house centipede (disambiguation)|house centipede]]), [[arachnid]]s ([[spider]]s, [[dust mite]], etc.), [[common house gecko]], birds such as [[house sparrow]]s, [[gull]]s, [[rock dove]]s (pigeons), crows[[crow]]s and [[magpie]]s, [[honeyguide]]s, [[swallow]]s and other [[passerine]]s, various [[rodent]] species (especially [[rat]]s and [[house mice]]), [[Virginia opossum]]s, [[raccoon]]s,<ref>{{Cite webnews|url=https://www.citylab.com/life/2018/09/delving-into-the-nocturnal-city-of-the-synanthrope/570352/|title=Night of the Living Synanthropes|last=Meier|first=Allison C.|websitenewspaper=CityLabBloomberg|date=24 September 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-06}}</ref> certain [[monkey]] species, [[coyote]]s,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gothamcoyote.org/ |title=Gotham Coyote Project - Studying NYC's Coyotes |website=Gotham Coyote Project |access-date=2021-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Flores |first=Dan |date=September 2017 |title=Coyote America: A Natural & Supernatural History |publisher=Basic Books |pages=193 |chapter=Chapter 6: Bright Lights, Big Cities |isbn=978-0-465-09372-4}}</ref> deer, urban [[feraldeer]]s, passerines, and other [[urban wildlife]].<ref name="sprawl">{{cite book |first=Elizabeth Ann |last=Johnson |author2=Michael W. Klemens |name-list-style=amp |title =Nature in fragments: the legacy of sprawl |publisher=Columbia University Press |year =2005 |page=212 |isbn=978-0-231-12779-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_SqsP5gXdj4C}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jarvis |first=Brooke |date=November 8, 2021 |title=Deer Wars and Death Threats |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/11/15/deer-wars-and-death-threats |journal=New Yorker}}</ref><ref>Sofaer HR, Flather CH, Jarnevich CS, Davis KP, Pejchar L. Human-associated species dominate passerine communities across the United States. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 2020;29:885–895. <nowiki>https://{{doi.org/|10.1111/</nowiki>}} geb.13071</ref> Plants include Pineapple Weed, Dandelion, Chicory, and Plantain. ▼
 
The [[brown rat]] is counted as one of the most prominent synanthropic animals and can be found in almost every place there are people. Rats benefit from living alongside humans.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20716625|title=Are you never more than 6ft away from a rat?|last=Pritchard|first=Charlotte|date=2012-12-17|access-date=2019-09-06|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://synpreserve.com/|title=Synanthrope Preserve|website=synpreserve.com|access-date=2019-09-06}}</ref>▼
The term synanthrope includes many species regarded as [[pest (organism)|pest]]s or weeds, but does not include [[domestication|domesticated]] animals.<ref name="sprawl" />
 
▲Examples of synanthropes are various [[insect]] species ([[ant]]s, [[louse|lice]], [[silverfish]], [[cockroach]]es, etc.), [[house sparrow]]s, [[rock dove]]s (pigeons), crows, various [[rodent]] species, [[Virginia opossum]]s, [[raccoon]]s,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citylab.com/life/2018/09/delving-into-the-nocturnal-city-of-the-synanthrope/570352/|title=Night of the Living Synanthropes|last=Meier|first=Allison C.|website=CityLab|language=en|access-date=2019-09-06}}</ref> certain [[monkey]] species, [[coyote]]s,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gothamcoyote.org/ |title=Gotham Coyote Project - Studying NYC's Coyotes |website=Gotham Coyote Project |access-date=2021-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Flores |first=Dan |date=September 2017 |title=Coyote America: A Natural & Supernatural History |publisher=Basic Books |pages=193 |chapter=Chapter 6: Bright Lights, Big Cities |isbn=978-0-465-09372-4}}</ref> deer, urban [[feral]]s, passerines, and other [[urban wildlife]].<ref name="sprawl">{{cite book |first=Elizabeth Ann |last=Johnson |author2=Michael W. Klemens |name-list-style=amp |title =Nature in fragments: the legacy of sprawl |publisher=Columbia University Press |year =2005 |page=212 |isbn=978-0-231-12779-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_SqsP5gXdj4C}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jarvis |first=Brooke |date=November 8, 2021 |title=Deer Wars and Death Threats |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/11/15/deer-wars-and-death-threats |journal=New Yorker}}</ref><ref>Sofaer HR, Flather CH, Jarnevich CS, Davis KP, Pejchar L. Human-associated species dominate passerine communities across the United States. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 2020;29:885–895. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1111/</nowiki> geb.13071</ref> Plants include Pineapple Weed, Dandelion, Chicory, and Plantain.
 
▲The [[brown rat]] is counted as one of the most prominent synanthropic animals and can be found in almost every place there are people. Rats benefit from living alongside humans.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20716625|title=Are you never more than 6ft away from a rat?|last=Pritchard|first=Charlotte|date=2012-12-17|access-date=2019-09-06|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://synpreserve.com/|title=Synanthrope Preserve|website=synpreserve.com|access-date=2019-09-06}}</ref>
 
==Botany==
InSynanthropic plants include [[pineapple weed]], [[dandelion]], [[chicory]], and [[Plantago|plantain]]. Plant synanthropes are classified into two main types - apophytes and anthropophytes.
 
'''Apophytes''' are synanthropic species that are native in origin. They can be subdivided into the following:<ref name="castri">{{cite book|author1=Francesco Di Castri |author2=A. J. Hansen |author3=M. Debussche |name-list-style=amp |title =Biological invasions in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin|publisher =Springer|year =1990|page=52|isbn =978-0-7923-0411-1|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=z7y-Fo2RT8IC&q=Synanthrope&pg=PA52}}</ref>
Line 31 ⟶ 28:
 
==See also==
*[[UrbanAdventive wildlifeplant]]
*[[SatoyamaArchaeophyte]]
*[[Assisted migration]]
*[[Commensalism]]
*[[Domestication]]
*[[Ecosystem management]]
*[[Environmental impact of agriculture]]
*[[Escaped plant]]
*[[Genetic pollution]]
*[[Hemeroby]]
*[[Hemerochory]]
*[[Human impact on the environment]]
*[[Introduced species]]
*[[Invasive species]]
*[[Native American use of fire in ecosystems]]
*[[Naturalisation]]
*[[Neophyte (botany)|Neophyte]]
*[[Satoyama]]
*[[Social forestry in India]]
*[[Urban wildlife]]
 
== Literature ==
 
* Herbert Sukopp & Rüdiger Wittig (eds.): ''Urban Ecology'' . 2nd edition G. Fischer; Stuttgart, Jena, Lübeck, Ulm; 1998: p. 276 ff. {{ISBN|3-437-26000-6}}
 
==References==
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synanthrope"