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Line 1: {{Short description\|Music genre}} {{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2014}} {{Indigenous Peoples of Canada}} Line 6 ⟶ 7: {{See also\|Inuit music\|Innu music\|Dene music\|Native American music}} Traditionally, Indigenous Canadians used the materials at hand to make their instruments for centuries before [[Ethnic groups in Europe\|Europeans]] immigrated to Canada.<ref name="second" /> First Nation bands made [[gourds]] and animal [[horn (anatomy)\|horns]] into [[rattle (percussion instrument)\|rattles]], many rattles were elaborately carved and beautifully painted.<ref name="PDF">[http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ach/lr/ks/cr/pubs/mus-eng.pdf Indian & Northern Affairs Canada] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613192303/http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ach/lr/ks/cr/pubs/mus-eng.pdf \|date=13 June 2011 }} – Canadian Government information PDF on First Nation music</ref> In woodland areas, they made horns of [[birchbark]] and [[drum stick\|drumsticks]] of carved [[antlers]] and wood. Drums were generally made of carved wood and [[animal hides]].<ref name="First" >{{harvtxt\|Patterson\|1973\|p=}}{{page needed\|date=January 2012}}</ref> Drums and rattles are percussion instruments traditionally used by First Nations people.<ref name="Firsts" >[http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=feature/abspirit/abback/ab_ceremony_program Veterans Affairs Canada]{{Dead link\|date=September 2024 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }} – Canadian Government section on First Nation music and dance</ref> These musical instruments provide the background for songs, and songs are the background for dances. Many traditional First Nations people consider song and dance to be sacred. For many years after [[Ethnic groups in Europe\|Europeans]] came to Canada, First Nations people were forbidden to practice their ceremonies.<ref name="First" /> That is one reason why little information about First Nations music and musical instruments is available.<ref name="First" /> Traditionally [[Inuktitut]] did not have a word for what a European-influenced listener or [[Ethnomusicology\|ethnomusicologist's]] understanding of ''music'', "and ethnographic investigation seems to suggest that the ''concept'' of music as such is also absent from their culture." The closest word, ''nipi'',<ref name=livingdict>{{cite web\|url=http://www.livingdictionary.com/search/viewResults.jsp?resultsId=1195320738343ri \|title=nipi\|work=Asuilaak Living Dictionary\|access-date=2007-11-17}}</ref> includes music, the sound of speech, and noise. (Nattiez 1990:56) Line 14 ⟶ 15: [[Wood carving\|Hand carved]] wooden flutes and [[whistle]]s are less common than drums, but are also a part of First Nations traditional music. [[Ojibwe\|Chippewa]] men played flutes to serenade girlfriends and to soothe themselves and others during hard times. The [[Cree]], [[Iroquois]] and [[Maliseet]] made and used whistles. Archaeologists have found evidence that both wooden whistles and flutes were used by the [[Beothuk]], an extinct tribe who lived in [[Newfoundland (island)\|Newfoundland]] until the early days of European settlement. The [[human voice]] is the primary [[musical instrument\|instrument]] of all First Nations. As it is in most [[ancient music]], singing is the heart of First Nations traditions. Every song had an original owner. Songs belonged to a society, [[clan]], [[Ritual\|rite]], [[ceremony]], or [[individual]]. In some cultures, one could buy the right to sing a song owned by an individual. The original owner would then teach the buyer to sing the song. Many traditional songs are still sung by First Nations people who follow traditional ways. Many artists also now combine First Nations and Inuit music with mainstream [[popular music]] genres such as [[country music\|country]], rock, [[Canadian hip hop\|hip hop]] or [[electronic dance music]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130331224252/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hZfaVTdDdHtQbfTS6_8iqJRCHDVA "Inuit pop, Algonquin rap, Innu reggae aim for mainstream"]. [[Agence France-Presse]], 8 October 2009.</ref> ~~Between 2014 and 2018, the~~The [[Polaris Music Prize]] ~~has~~went ~~been won three times by First Nations or Inuit musicians;~~to [[Tanya Tagaq]] ~~won in 2014~~ for ''[[Animism (Tanya Tagaq album)\|Animism]]'', in 2014 and to [[~~Buffy~~Jeremy ~~Sainte-Marie~~Dutcher]] ~~won in 2015~~ for ''[[~~Power~~Wolastoqiyik ~~in the Blood (Buffy Sainte-Marie album)\|Power in the Blood~~Lintuwakonawa]]''~~, and [[Jeremy Dutcher]] won~~ in 2018 and for ''[[~~Wolastoqiyik Lintuwakonawa~~Motewolonuwok]]'' in 2024. (The 2017 Polaris went to [[Lido Pimienta]]~~, who won in 2017~~ for ''[[La Papessa (album)\|La Papessa]]'',; Pimienta is ~~also~~ of South American indigenous descent. The 2015 Polaris went to [[Buffy Sainte-Marie]] for ''[[Power in the Blood (Buffy Sainte-Marie album)\|Power in the Blood]]''. Sainte-Marie claimed First Nations heritage at the time, though investigative reporting in 2023 would contest this claim.) The compilation album ''[[Native North America, Vol. 1]]'', released by [[Light in the Attic Records]] in 2014, collects many rare and out-of-print songs by First Nations and Inuit musicians from the era in which the rock and country and folk genres were beginning to emerge as influences on Indigenous music.<ref name=exclaim>[http://exclaim.ca/Music/article/light_in_attic_sets_out_to_unearth_forgotten_history_of_first_nations_music_with_native_north_america_compilation "Light in the Attic Unearths the Forgotten History of First Nations Music with 'Native North America' Compilation"]. ''[[Exclaim!]]'', 8 October 2014.</ref> Line 72 ⟶ 73: {{Main\|Don Francks}} [[Don Francks\|Donald Harvey Francks]] or ''Iron Buffalo'' born in [[Vancouver]], British Columbia. He iswas a drummer, poet, native nations champion, motorcyclist, author and peace activist. He iswas interested in [[Tibetan independence movement\|Tibet]] and supports [[Greenpeace]]. He appeared many times at [[George's Spaghetti House]], a [[Toronto]] jazz club that was the equivalent of New York's [[Birdland (jazz club)\|Birdland]]. He was also known to sit in on drums at the [[Colonial Tavern]] and other Toronto afterhours clubs and jazz venues.<ref>{{harvtxt\|Heyn\|2006\|pp=100{{dash}}105}} "A Conversation with Don Francks."</ref> ===Robbie Robertson=== {{Main\|Robbie Robertson}} [[Robbie Robertson]] iswas a Canadian singer-songwriter, and guitarist. He is best known for his membership in [[The Band]]. He was ranked 78th in ''[[Rolling Stone (magazine)\|Rolling Stone]]'' magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5937559/the_100_greatest_guitarists_of_all_time \|title=The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All time \|work=[[Rolling Stone]] \|date=24 March 2004 \|access-date=2007-02-17 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210041820/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5937559/the_100_greatest_guitarists_of_all_time \|archive-date=10 February 2007 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy }}</ref> Robertson was born to a [[Jew]]ish father and a [[Mohawk nation\|Mohawk]] mother and took his stepfather's last name after his mother remarried. He had his earliest exposure to music at [[Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation]], where he spent summers with his mother's family. He studied guitar when he was a youth and ~~has been writing~~wrote songs and ~~performing~~performed since he was a teenager. From 1987 onwards, Robertson released a series of four solo albums~~, his~~. His first was [[Robbie Robertson (album)\|self titled]] followed by ''[[Storyville (album)\|Storyville]]'', ''[[Music for the Native Americans]]'', and ''[[Contact from the Underworld of Redboy]]''. === Jerry Alfred === Line 96 ⟶ 98: === Buffy Sainte-Marie === {{Main\|Buffy Sainte-Marie}} [[Buffy Sainte-Marie]] is an [[Italian American]]<ref name="cbc2023">{{cite news\|title=Who is the real Buffy Sainte-Marie?\|first1=Geoff\|last1=Leo\|first2=Roxanna\|last2=Woloshyn\|first3=Linda\|last3=Guerriero\|date=October 27, 2023\|work=CBC News\|url=https://www.cbc.ca/newsinteractives/features/buffy-sainte-marie\|archive-date=October 27, 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027111549/https://www.cbc.ca/newsinteractives/features/buffy-sainte-marie\|url-status=live}}</ref> who was ~~born~~adopted as an adult into the [[~~Cree~~Piapot First Nation]].<ref>{{cite ~~community~~news\|title=Who ofis ~~[[Fort~~the ~~Qu'Appelle]]~~real Buffy Sainte-Marie?\|first1=Geoff\|last1=Leo\|first2=Roxanna\|last2=Woloshyn\|first3=Linda\|last3=Guerriero\|date=October 27, ~~Saskatchewan~~2023\|work=CBC News\|url=https://www.cbc.ca/newsinteractives/features/buffy-sainte-marie\|archive-date=October 27, 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027111549/https://www.cbc.ca/newsinteractives/features/buffy-sainte-marie}}</ref> She received a PhD in Fine Arts from the [[University of Massachusetts Amherst]]. She is a songwriter, performer and artist who has written ~~huge~~ hit songs that were performed by other famous artists including [[Elvis Presley]], [[Barbra Streisand]], and [[Neil Diamond]].<ref name="second" /> Her song, "Up Where We Belong" won an Academy Award.<ref name="second" /> Buffy has earned many other awards, including an [[Academy Award for Best Original Song\|Academy Award]] and the United States award for Lifetime Musical Achievement in the Arts.<ref name="add" /> She has also received a medal of recognition from [[Queen Elizabeth II]]. France named her "Best International Artist of 1993." Buffy ~~continues to~~has ~~draw~~drawn large crowds to her performances, with an audience of 100,000 in one [[Denmark]] concert. ~~But she has never forgotten her beginnings and her people, and she~~She regularly performs in the ~~smallest~~small First Nations communities~~. Nor does she forget other musicians~~. In 1993, she helped to create a special award category within the [[Juno Award]]s competition to recognize the best recordings of Canadian Indigenous musicians. Buffy received a Lifetime Achievement Award in Arts at the 1998 National Aboriginal Achievement Awards.<ref name="First" /> === Kashtin === Line 119 ⟶ 121: ===Derek Miller=== {{Main\|Derek Miller (Canadian musician)}} Derek Miller, born in [[Six Nations, Ontario\|Six Nations]] on 29 October 1974, is an [[Aboriginal peoples in Canada\|Indigenous]] Canadian singer-songwriter. He is a two-time winner of the [[Juno Award]] for [[Juno Award for Indigenous Music Album of the Year]], for his albums ''[[Lovesick Blues (album)\|Lovesick Blues]]'' and ''[[The Dirty Looks]]''. Derek has been brought to the attention of veteran and well respected musicians, such as [[Daniel Lanois]] and Buffy Sainte-Marie.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://radio3.cbc.ca/bands/Derek-Miller/ \|title=Derek \|work=CBC/SRC. }}{{Dead link\|date=January 2020 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ~~===Black & Grey===~~ ~~{{Main\|Black & Grey (band) }}~~ '''Black & Grey''' is a [[Canadians\|Canadian]] [[pop rock]]/[[Alternative rock\|alternative]] band from [[Membertou First Nation\|Membertou]], [[Nova Scotia]] in [[Cape Breton County, Nova Scotia\|Cape Breton County]] made up of members: Brandon Johnson, Daniel Paul, Michael Mellen, and Tyler Mellen. They have had one [[Black & Grey (EP)\|self-titled EP]] released in 2013, and three successful singles to hit radio waves, "Goodbye Misery" (which was dedicated to [[Suicide of Amanda Todd\|Amanda Todd]]), "What Makes You Who You Are", and "Pretty Little Nightmare". They currently are working with [[East Coast Music Association\|ECMA]] award-winning producer Jamie Foulds for a full-length LP to be released in 2016. ==See also== {{Portal\|Indigenous peoples of the Americas\|Canada\|Music}} * [[Aboriginal rock]] * [[Canadian hip hop#~~Aboriginal~~Indigenous hip hop\|~~Aboriginal~~Indigenous hip hop]] * [[Blackfoot music]] * [[Iroquois music]] * [[Kwakwaka'wakw music]] * [[Music of Canada]] * [[List of Indigenous ~~Canadian~~musicians in ~~personalities~~Canada]] ==References== Line 154 ⟶ 152: \|isbn = 978-0-7735-3443-8 \|oclc = 229035029 \|lay-url = http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/ourl/res.php?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_tim=2012-01-15T20%3A43%3A08Z&url_ctx_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=34529575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcollectionscanada.gc.ca%3Aamicus&lang=eng }} * {{cite book Line 167 ⟶ 164: \|isbn = 0-9787625-0-9 \|oclc = 79256688 \|lay-url = http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/ourl/res.php?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_tim=2012-01-15T18%3A32%3A13Z&url_ctx_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=33220567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcollectionscanada.gc.ca%3Aamicus&lang=eng }} * {{cite book Line 181 ⟶ 177: \|isbn = 0-7735-3177-7 \|oclc = 65206128 \|lay-url = http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/ourl/res.php?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_tim=2012-01-15T18%3A21%3A44Z&url_ctx_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=33123918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcollectionscanada.gc.ca%3Aamicus&lang=eng }} * {{cite book Line 192 ⟶ 187: \|editor3-first = Timothy \|editor3-link = Timothy Rice ~~\|name-list-style=amp~~ ~~\|others = advisory editors: [[Bruno Nettl]] and [[Ruth Stone\|Ruth M. Stone]]~~ \|title = The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lOuCSAAACAAJ&q=The+Garland+encyclopedia+of+world+music+Volume+3 Line 201 ⟶ 194: \|isbn = 978-0-8240-4944-7 \|oclc = 770858286 \|lay-url = http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/ourl/res.php?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_tim=2012-01-15T19%3A22%3A01Z&url_ctx_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=24003709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcollectionscanada.gc.ca%3Aamicus&lang=eng }} * {{cite book Line 215 ⟶ 207: \|year = 1956 \|oclc = 619981776 \|lay-url = http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/ourl/res.php?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_tim=2012-01-15T17%3A59%3A43Z&url_ctx_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=1215906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcollectionscanada.gc.ca%3Aamicus&lang=eng }} * {{cite book Line 224 ⟶ 215: \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WNIIAQAAIAAJ&q=Canadian+native+art;+arts+and+crafts+of+Canadian+Indians+and+Eskimos \|publisher = Collier-Macmillan Canada \|location = Don Mills \|year = 1973 \|isbn = 978-0-02-975610-2 \|oclc = 820959 \|lay-url = http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/ourl/res.php?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_tim=2012-01-15T20%3A34%3A05Z&url_ctx_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=14568447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcollectionscanada.gc.ca%3Aamicus&lang=eng }} * {{cite book Line 241 ⟶ 231: \|isbn = 978-0-312-20646-8 \|oclc = 45188978 \|lay-url = http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/ourl/res.php?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_tim=2012-01-15T18%3A47%3A35Z&url_ctx_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=24558211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcollectionscanada.gc.ca%3Aamicus&lang=eng }} {{Refend}} Line 247 ⟶ 236: ==Further reading== * {{Cite book \|last = Browner \|first = Tara \|year = 2009 \|title = Music of the First Nations: Tradition and Innovation in Native North America \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QXkM557ASogC&q=First%20Nations&pg=PP1 \|publisher = University of Illinois Press \|isbn = 978-0-252-02221-0 }} ==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110706181516/http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ach/lr/ks/rrds/rrds_infsht_mus-eng.asp First Nations Music in Canada] – [[Indian and Northern Affairs Canada]] * [http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/aboriginal-music-song/028012-2100-e.html Aboriginal Sound Recordings: Music and Song] – [[Library and Archives Canada]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110311151301/http://www.aboriginalcanada.gc.ca/acp/site.nsf/eng/ao04585.html Songs and Music: Aboriginal] – Aboriginal Canada Portal * [http://www.canab.com/mainpages/events/musicawards.html Canadian Aboriginal Music Awards] – The Canadian Aboriginal Festival * [http://www.musiquenomade.com Musique Nomade] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624041812/http://www.musiquenomade.com/ \|date=24 June 2013 }} * [http://www.aboriginalmusic.ca/ Aboriginal Music Program] {{Canada topic\|First Nations in\|First Nations in Canada}} {{Music topics}} {{Folk music\|state=collapsed}} ~~[[:Category:First Nations musical groups]]~~ [[Category:~~First Nations~~Indigenous music of Canada\|*]]