National parks of Canada: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Parks owned and maintained by the federal government of Canada}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2024}}

 

==Timeline==

 

*1908–1912 – Four national parks are established in Alberta and Saskatchewan with a mission akin to national wildlife refuges. All would be abolished by 1947 once their goals were achieved.

*1911 – Dominion Parks Branch creates the world's first national park service. This branch was overseen by the Department of the Interior, which is now known as [[Parks Canada]], the governing body of Canada's national parks.

[[File:012 035 Ile Mingan Niapiscau.jpg|thumb|Niapiskau island, [[Monolith|limestone monoliths]], [[Gulf of St. Lawrence]], [[Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve]]]]

[[File:Morning at Spirit Island.jpg|thumb|[[Maligne Lake]] in [[Jasper National Park]]]]

[[File:Kluane National Park and Reserve of Canada, Canada (Unsplash).jpg|alt=A view in Kluane National Park|thumb|A view in [[Kluane National Park and Reserve|Kluane National Park]]]]

[[File:Tundra landscape with mountains and small pond, Ivvavik National Park, YT.jpg|alt=Tundra landscape and a pond near the confluence of Wolf Creek and Firth River, with mountains in the background, in Ivvavik National Park|thumb|[[Tundra]] landscape and a pond near the confluence of Wolf Creek and [[Firth River]], with mountains in the background, in [[Ivvavik National Park]]]]

Parks in less frequently visited, northern parts of Canada were created with more consideration of Aboriginal usage. [[Kluane National Park and Reserve]] in the [[Yukon Territory|Yukon]] initially had restrictions on hunting in order to preserve the presence of wildlife in the park, as did [[Ivvavik National Park]] in the Northern Yukon. Through grassroots organizations and political lobbying, Indigenous residents of these areas were able to have greater influence over the process of park creation. For both Kluane and Ivvavik parks, Indigenous organizations protested and testified to Parliamentary Committees, describing how these restrictions infringed on their ability to provide for themselves through traditional fishing, hunting, and trapping.<ref>Neufeld, David. “Kluane National Park Reserve, 1923–1974: Modernity and Pluralism” A Century of Parks Canada, 1911–2001. Edited by Claire Campbell. Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2011. 245–247.</ref><ref>Martin, 281.</ref> Ivvavik National Park, established in 1984,<ref>Martin, 278.</ref> was the first in Canada to be created through a comprehensive land claim settlement, and set a precedent for collaboration and co-management in future parks.<ref>Martin, 275.</ref> In June 1984, the [[Inuvialuit]] Final Agreement was signed, which deviated from past parks by committing to a more extensive inclusion of Aboriginal interests and gave the Inuvialuit exclusive rights to hunting and harvesting game within the park. This agreement was an example of and the beginning of co-management, which ensured that Indigenous voices would be heard and given equal representatives on parks boards.<ref>Martin, 292.</ref>

 

The following areas have been proposed as Parks or Reserves, studied, and discussed among stakeholders:

*[[South Okanagan—Similkameen National Park Reserve|South Okanagan-Similkameen]] in the southern interior of British Columbia (as a national park reserve).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Parks Canada Agency|first=Government of Canada|date=November 6, 2019|title=Proposed National Park Reserve in the South Okanagan-Similkameen - National Parks|url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/pn-np/cnpn-cnnp/okanagan|access-date=November 7, 2020|website=www.pc.gc.ca}}</ref>

 

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[[Category:1885 establishments in Canada]]