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| name = Keshubhai Patel
| image = Keshubhai Patel.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birthbirth date|df=yes|1928|707|24}}
| birth_place = [[Visavadar]], [[Junagadh State]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2020|10|29|1928|07|24}}
| residence =
| death_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| death_cause =
| term_start1 = 14 March 1995
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| predecessor3 = [[Kantilal Ghia]]
| successor3 = [[Narhari Amin]]
| office4 = [[Member of parliamentParliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start4 = 1977
| term_end4 = 1980
| constituency4 = [[Rajkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajkot]], Gujarat
| predecessor4 = [[Ghanshyambhai Oza]]
| successor4 = [[Ramjibhai Mavani]]
| office5 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start5 = 10 April 2002
| term_end5 = 9 April 2008
| constituency5 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Gujarat|Gujarat]]
| office6 = Irrigation Minister in, [[Government of Gujarat]]
| term_start6 = 1978
| term_end6 = 1980
| constituency6 = [[Rajkot]]
| chiefminister6chiefminister = [[Babubhai Patel]]
| office7 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] {{small|(1951-1977)}}[[Janata Party]]{{small|(1977-1980)}}<br />[[BJP|Bharatiya Janata Party]] {{small|(1980–2012, 2014-2020)}}<br />[[Gujarat Parivartan Party]] {{small|(2012&nbsp;– 2014)}}
| spouse term_start7 = Leela Patel1990
| children term_end7 = Five sons, one daughter1995
| predecessor7 = ''constituency established''
| successor7 = [[Mohanbhai Kundariya]]
| constituency7 = [[Tankara Assembly constituency|Tankara, Rajkot]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] {{small|(1951-19771951–1977)}}<br />[[Janata Party]] {{small|(1977-19801977–1980)}}<br />[[BJP|Bharatiya Janata Party]] {{small|(1980–2012, 2014-20202014–2020)}}<br />[[Gujarat Parivartan Party]] {{small|(2012&nbsp;– 2014)}}
| spouse = Leela Patel (m. ?-2006)
| children = 6
| nationality = [[Indian nationality|Indian]]
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (2021); (posthumously)
}}
 
'''Keshubhai Patel''' (24 July 1928{{spnd}}29 October 2020) was an Indian politician who was the [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]] in 1995 and again from 1998 to 2001. He was a six-time member of [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Keshubhai Patel, former Gujarat CM, passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/keshubhai-patel-former-gujarat-cm-passes-away/article32970873.ece |access-date=29 October 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=29 October 2020 |language=en-IN |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029184115/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/keshubhai-patel-former-gujarat-cm-passes-away/article32970873.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He was a member of RSS since 1940s, of Bharatiya Jana Sangh in 1960s, Janata Party in 1970s, and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) from 1980. He subsequently left the BJP in 2012 and formed the [[Gujarat Parivartan Party]]. He was elected from [[Visavadar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Visavadar]] in the [[2012 Gujarat legislative assembly election|2012 state assembly election]] but later resigned in 2014 due to ill health and merged his party with BJP. He was awarded India's third highest civilian award the [[Padma Bhushan]] posthumously in 2021.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1692337 | title=Padma Awards 2021 announced | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs | access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/shinzo-abe-tarun-gogoi-ram-vilas-paswan-among-padma-award-winners-complete-list/articleshow/80453596.cms | title=Shinzo Abe, Tarun Gogoi, Ram Vilas Paswan among Padma Award winners: Complete list | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=25 January 2021 | access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref>
 
==Early life==
Keshubhai Patel was born on 24 July 1928 as Keshubhai Desai in a Leuva [[Patidar]] family in [[Visavadar]] town in the present day [[Junagadh district]], [[Gujarat]]. His family is said to have migrated from Vaso village in [[Nadiad]] of [[Kheda]] district, a village of Patidars, where revenue clerks were known as '[[Desai]]'. The family migrated to [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] and ran a flour mill in Rajkot. [[Jana Sangh]] veterans like former chief minister [[Shankersinh Vaghela]], who knew Keshubhai for 55 years, says he ran this mill in Hathikhana area of [[Rajkot]] for a living, and described him as a "self-made" man who built the party from scratch. Patel told ''[[The Indian Express]]'' in 2015 that "Many Patels from [[Amreli]] and [[Junagadh]] are Desais––clerks who collected taxes from land owners and were found in the tiny state of Vaso near [[Nadiad]] and in [[Saurashtra (state)|Saurashtra]]. Throughout school, I was Keshubhai Desai, till our Junagadh leader [[Suryakant Acharya]] [a former BJP MP] began to refer to me as 'Keshubhai Patel' in public, and the name stuck". In [[Rajkot]], he went to Alfred High School, which is also [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s alma mater.<ref>{{cite news |title=Explained: The Life Of Keshubhai Patel, RSS karyakarta, Bhartiya Jan Sangh founder, Gujarat CM |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/keshubhai-patel-rss-karyakarta-bharatiya-jana-sangh-founder-gujarat-cm-6908928/ |access-date=30 October 2020 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> He joined the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) in 1945 as a ''pracharak''. He was imprisoned during [[The Emergency (India)|the Emergency]].<ref name=bkp>{{cite news|title=Bapa Keshubhai Patel remains man of the masses|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bapa-keshubhai-patel-remains-man-of-the-masses-1724130|date=5 August 2012|website=DNA|access-date=4 January 2019|archive-date=2 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194658/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bapa-keshubhai-patel-remains-man-of-the-masses-1724130|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
==Political career==
Patel began his journey in electoral politics by contesting in the [[Rajkot]] municipality and later [[Rajkot Municipal Corporation]]. He started his political career as a worker for the [[Jan Sangh]], of which was he was a founder member, in the 1960s. He lost the [[Gujarat Vidhan Sabha]] election in 1972 from [[Wankaner (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]] to the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] . In 1975, he won from the [[Rajkot Vidhan Sabha Constituency]] and became minister for irrigation from 1978 to 1980 in the BJS-backed government of the [[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]], popularly called the Sanstha Congress, led by Chief Minister [[Babubhai Jashbhai Patel]]. During the Emergency, Patel was among the 3,500 people from Gujarat to be jailed under the draconian [[Maintenance of Internal Security Act]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Explained: The life of Keshubhai Patel, RSS karyakarta, Bharatiya Jana Sangh founder, Gujarat CM |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/keshubhai-patel-rss-karyakarta-bharatiya-jana-sangh-founder-gujarat-cm-6908928/ |access-date=30 October 2020 |agency=The Indian Express |date=29 October 2020}}</ref> He was involved in relief work following the [[1979 Machchhu dam failure]] which devastated [[Morbi]].<ref name=iex>{{cite news|url=http://m.indianexpress.com/news/6-decades-on-keshubhai-back-to-familiar-building-role/985651/|title=6 decades on, Keshubhai back to familiar building role|date=9 August 2012|access-date=5 January 2014|work=The Indian Express|last=Dave|first=Hiral|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106032235/http://m.indianexpress.com/news/6-decades-on-keshubhai-back-to-familiar-building-role/985651/|archive-date=6 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/Did-Keshubhai-raise-alarm-on-Machchu-dam-disaster/articleshow/15413483.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 August 2012 |title=Did Keshubhai raise alarm on Machchu dam disaster? |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222052303/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/Did-Keshubhai-raise-alarm-on-Machchu-dam-disaster/articleshow/15413483.cms |last=Bhatia |first=Ramaninder K. |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
Patel won assembly elections for the constituencies of Rajkot (1975), Gondal (1980), Kalavad (1985), Tankara (1990), and [[Visavadar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]] (1995, 1998, 2012) between 1975 and 2012.<ref name=bkp/> In 1980, when Jan Sangh was dissolved, he became a senior organiser of the newly formed [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). Patel was [[List of Deputy Chief Ministers of Gujarat|Deputy Chief Minister of Gujarat]] from 4 March 1990 to 25 October 1990 under [[Chimanbhai Patel]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/19900331-gujarat-chimanbhai-patel-takes-charge-as-gujarat-cm-with-bjp-support-813813-1990-03-31 |title=Chimanbhai Patel takes charge as Gujarat CM with BJP support |access-date=4 July 2019 |archive-date=4 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704202756/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/19900331-gujarat-chimanbhai-patel-takes-charge-as-gujarat-cm-with-bjp-support-813813-1990-03-31 |url-status=live }}</ref> He organized the 1995 assembly election campaign for the BJP against [[Congress (I)]], which the party won.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mandalia |first1=Bhavi |title=Former Gujarat Chief Minister Keshubhai Patel dies at age 92 |url=https://pledgetimes.com/former-gujarat-chief-minister-keshubhai-patel-dies-at-age-92/ |access-date=29 October 2020 |work=Pledge Times |date=29 October 2020 |archive-date=31 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031133847/https://pledgetimes.com/former-gujarat-chief-minister-keshubhai-patel-dies-at-age-92/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Patel became the chief minister of Gujarat on 14 March 1995 but resigned seven months later as his colleague [[Shankersinh Vaghela]] revolted against him. [[Suresh Mehta]] succeeded him as a consensus chief minister. BJP was split as the [[Rashtriya Janata Party]] (RJP) was formed by Vaghela who became the chief minister in October 1996 with support of the Congress (I). The assembly was dissolved in 1998 when Congress (I) withdrew its support for the RJP. The BJP, led by Patel, returned to power in the [[1998 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1998 assembly elections]] and he became the chief minister again on 4 March 1998.<ref name=bkp/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1506/15060290.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194259/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1506/15060290.htm|date=21 March 1998|archive-date=2 January 2014|title=ELECTIONS '98: The Assembly round|website=Frontline}}</ref>
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Patel resigned as the chief minister on 2 October 2001 due to poor health. Allegations of abuse of power, corruption and poor administration, as well as a loss of BJP seats in [[by-elections]] and mismanagement of relief works in the aftermath of the [[2001 Gujarat earthquake|2001 Bhuj earthquake]], prompted the BJP's national leadership to seek a new candidate for the office of chief minister. He was succeeded by [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Aditi Phadnis |title=Business Standard Political Profiles of Cabals and Kings |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qT7QvviGoJsC&pg=PA116 |year=2009 |publisher=Business Standard Books |isbn=978-81-905735-4-2 |pages=116–21 |access-date=9 May 2013 |author-link=Aditi Phadnis |archive-date=3 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103043003/http://books.google.com/books?id=qT7QvviGoJsC&pg=PA116 |url-status=live }}<br />- {{cite news |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1821/18210300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020123081944/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1821/18210300.htm |archive-date=23 January 2002 |title=A new oarsman |work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |date=13 October 2001 |access-date=9 May 2013 |last=Bunsha |first=Dionne |location=India }}<br />- {{cite news |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1821/18210310.htm |title=A pracharak as Chief Minister |work=Frontline |date=13 October 2001 |access-date=9 May 2013 |last=Venkatesan |first=V. |location=New Delhi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405081524/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1821/18210310.htm |archive-date=5 April 2013 }}</ref> Patel did not contest the [[2002 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2002 Gujarat assembly election]] but was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]] unopposed in 2002.<ref name="Rediff">{{cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/mar/18rs.htm |title=Jana Krishamurthy, Keshubhai Patel, Deora elected to RS |work=[[Rediff.com|Rediff]] |date=18 March 2002 |access-date=28 December 2013 |location=New Delhi |archive-date=30 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230232346/http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/mar/18rs.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
In the [[2007 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2007 Gujarat assembly elections]], he urged his community to vote for change. He "blessed" the [[Indian National Congress]] (formerly Congress (I)) and did not even cast his vote. The BJP again won the election with a clear majority and formed a government led by Modi.<ref name="Rediff"/> Patel did not renew his BJP membership,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Gujarat/Keshubhai-splits-BJP-to-launch-anti-Modi-front/Article1-880953.aspx |title=Keshubhai splits BJP, to launch anti-Modi front|work=Hindustan Times |date=29 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630140157/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Gujarat/Keshubhai-splits-BJP-to-launch-anti-Modi-front/Article1-880953.aspx |archive-date=30 June 2012 }}</ref> resigned from the BJP on 4 August 2012 and launched the [[Gujarat Parivartan Party]] (GPP) to contest the [[2012 Gujarat legislative assembly election]].<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/modibaiter-keshubhai-patel-quits-bjp/983866/|title= Modi-baiter Keshubhai Patel quits BJP|work= The Indian Express|date= 4 August 2012|access-date= 4 August 2012|archive-date= 16 January 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130116094039/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/modibaiter-keshubhai-patel-quits-bjp/983866|url-status= live}}</ref> He won a seat in the Visavadar constituency against the BJP candidate Kanubhai Bhalala, although his party GPP won just one other seat.<ref name=bharat>{{cite news|url=http://m.indianexpress.com/news/keshubhais-son-bharat-joins-bjp/1210965/|title=Keshubhai's son Bharat joins BJP|date=23 December 2013|access-date=1 January 2014|work=The Indian Express|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102193102/http://m.indianexpress.com/news/keshubhais-son-bharat-joins-bjp/1210965/|archive-date=2 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Patel resigned from the post of president of GPP in January 2014 and later resigned as a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] due to ill health on 13 February 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=httphttps://m.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Keshubhai-resigns-as-MLA/articleshow/30369234.cms|title=Keshubhai resigns as MLA|date=14 February 2014|access-date=17 February 2014|work=The Times of India|archive-date=218 NovemberJanuary 20172018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2017110208332120180118121609/https://m.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Keshubhai-resigns-as-MLA/articleshow/30369234.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Later, GPP merged with BJP on 24 February 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.niticentral.com/2014/02/25/gujarat-parivartan-party-merges-with-bjp-193319.html |title=Gujarat Parivartan Party merges with BJP |website=Niticentral |date=25 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306013347/http://www.niticentral.com/2014/02/25/gujarat-parivartan-party-merges-with-bjp-193319.html |archive-date=6 March 2014 }}<br />- {{cite web |url=http://post.jagran.com/keshubhai-patels-gujarat-parivartan-party-merges-with-bjp-1393300118 |title=Keshubhai Patel's Gujarat Parivartan Party merges with BJP |website=Jagran |date=25 February 2014 |access-date=8 March 2014 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612210857/http://post.jagran.com/keshubhai-patels-gujarat-parivartan-party-merges-with-bjp-1393300118 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
==Personal life and death==
Patel married Leela Patel and had five sons and a daughter.<ref name=iex/> His son, Bharat Patel, is a member of BJP.<ref name=iex/><ref name=bharat/> Leela Patel died in their home in [[Gandhinagar]] after an electrical fire broke out in the exercise room on 21 September 2006.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-09-22/india/27793046_1_keshubhai-patel-electrical-short-circuit-post-mortem-report |title=Keshubhai's wife charred in gym fire |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 September 2006 |access-date=28 December 2013 |agency=Times News Network |location=Gandhinagar |archive-date=31 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000050/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-09-22/india/27793046_1_keshubhai-patel-electrical-short-circuit-post-mortem-report |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 9 September 2017, Patel's 60-year-old son, Pravin Patel, living in the US, died of [[cardiac arrest]] .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-visits-keshubhai-patels-home-to-condole-his-sons-death-1750383|title=PM Modi Visits Keshubhai Patel's Home To Condole His Son's Death|date=14 September 2017|website=NDTV|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-date=24 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524221724/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-visits-keshubhai-patels-home-to-condole-his-sons-death-1750383|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Keshubhai Patel tested positive for [[COVID-19]] in September 2020 but apparently recovered after the initial infection. However, he complained of difficulty breathing on the morning of 29 October 2020. He was taken to a hospital, where he died the same day due to post-covid complications.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 October 2020|title=Former Gujarat chief minister Keshubhai Patel passes away|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/keshubhai-patel-passes-away-former-gujarat-chief-minister-660757|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029200919/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/keshubhai-patel-passes-away-former-gujarat-chief-minister-660757|archive-date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|website=India TV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=29 October 2020|title=Former Gujarat CM Keshubhai Patel (Kesu Bapa) dies of heart attack - The Thinkera|url=https://www.thethinkera.com/current-affairs/national-news/gujarat/former-gujarat-cm-keshubhai-patel-kesu-bapa-dies-of-heart-attack/|access-date=9 March 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509071614/https://www.thethinkera.com/current-affairs/national-news/gujarat/former-gujarat-cm-keshubhai-patel-kesu-bapa-dies-of-heart-attack/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120325062827/http://164.100.24.167:8080/members/website/Mainweb.asp?mpcode=1883 Profile] on Rajya Sabha website] (archived 25 March 2012)
* [http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/chiefminister.htm Government of Gujarat]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909195103/http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/chiefminister.htm |date=9 September 2014 }}.
 
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{{succession box|
before=[[Chhabildas Mehta]]|
title=[[Chief Minister of Gujarat]]|
years=14 March 1995&nbsp;– 21 October 1995|
after=[[Sureshchandra R. Mehta]]
}}
{{succession box|
before=[[Dilipbhai Ramanbhai Parikh]]|
title=[[Chief Minister of Gujarat]]|
years=4 March 1998&nbsp;– 6 October 2001|
after=[[Narendra Modi]]
}}
{{s-end}}
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[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Junagadh district]]
[[Category:Chief Ministersministers of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Bharatiya Janata Party]]