Sack Friary, Bristol: Difference between revisions

The [[Mendicant orders|mendicant religious order]] was known as the Friars of the Sack and the [[Brothers of Penitence]].{{efn|The friars wore garments made of coarse cloth, similar to that of the Franciscans. They did not eat meat and only drank water.{{sfn|Gasquet|1905|pp=241-242}}}} The friars first appeared in England in 1257,{{sfn|Page|1909|pp=513-514}} with the order apparently originating in Italy, where they were known as "Fratres de Sacco".{{sfn|Gasquet|1905|pp=241-242}}{{efn|Others attribute their origin to France as many of their known homes were in France.<ref name=friars/>}} The order began in 1251 and expanded into Britain, France, Spain, Germany and Palestine.{{sfn|Gasquet|1905|pp=241-242}}<ref name=friars>{{cite journal|url=http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/2846556|title=A Note on the Friars of the Sack|last=Emery|first=Richard W. |workjournal=Speculum|date=October 1960|volume=35|issue=4|pages=591–595|publisher=The Medieval Academy of America|accessdatedoi=9 August 201610.2307/2846556|jstor=2846556|s2cid=164170108}}</ref> The [[Second Council of Lyon]] took up the question of limiting mendicant religious orders. In 1274, the four major orders-the Franciscans, the Dominicans, the Carmelites and the Austin Friars were allowed to remain with the lesser orders instructed to disband.<ref name=friars2>{{cite journal|url=http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/2853707|title=The Friars of the Sack|last=Emery|first=Richard W.|workjournal=Speculum|date=July 1943|volume=18|issue=3|pages=323–334|publisher=The Medieval Academy of America|accessdatedoi=9 August 201610.2307/2853707|jstor=2853707|s2cid=162401389}}</ref>{{efn|Mendicant orders founded after 1215 were subject to the disbanding order. They were not to accept any new members of their community, thus the orders would succumb to attrition.<ref name=telegraph>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/12184659/Sackcloth-and-magpies-the-habits-of-the-extinct-friars.html|title=Sackcloth and magpies: the habits of the extinct friars|author=Howse, Christopher|date=5 March 2016|publisher=the Telegraph|accessdate=10 August 2016}}</ref>}}

The first mention of the order in Bristol was circa 1266 when [[Henry III of England]] granted the friars six oaks from [[Selwood Forest]] for building.{{sfn|Page|1907|p=111}} Records of the 1287 Pleas of the Crown establish that there was a house of Friars of the Sack before that time, but no one is certain where it was located.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b2993360|title=The Religious Houses of Bristol and Their Dissolution|page=90|author=Taylor, Rev. C. S|year=1906|workjournal=Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society|publisher=Bristol & Gloucestershire Archaeological Society|accessdatehdl =10 August 20162027/uc1.b2993360}}</ref> The last mention of the order in Bristol is found on a document dated October 31, 1322. The document refers to a tenement outside Bristol Temple Gate located near the church of the "Friars di saccis" signed by Simon de Ely, [[Burgess (title)|burgess]] of Bristol to William de Cameleigh.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044090327446|title=Bristol Merchant Marks|author=Rudd, Alfred E.|page=115|date=1911–1912|workjournal=Proceedings of the Clifton Antiquarian Club for 1911-1912|publisher=Clifton Antiquarian Club|accessdatehdl =10 August 20162027/hvd.32044090327446}}</ref>

*{{cite book|ref=harv|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b54767|title=English monastic life|last=Gasquet|first=Francis Aidan|year=1905|publisher=Methuen|hdl=2027/uc1.$b54767}}

*{{cite book|ref=harv|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZQ4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA111&dq=friars+of+the+sack+bristol&hlpg=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLxdSE3bTOAhUBTyYKHYIWD4UQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=friars%20of%20the%20sack%20bristol&f=falsePA111|title=The Victoria History of the County of Gloucester, Volume 2|last=Page|first=William|year=1907|publisher=Constable|isbn=978-0-19-722755-8}}

*{{cite book|ref=harv|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/london/vol1|title=A History of the County of London: Volume 1, London Within the Bars, Westminster and Southwark|last=Page|first=William|year=1909|publisher=Victoria County History}}