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Maithuna intercourse has been traditionally interpreted to be performed with [[semen retention]] by the male practitioner,<ref name=Elia/> although other writers consider it optional, possibly relegated only to late Tantra.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Balaban |first1=Oded |last2=Erev |first2=Anan |title=The Bounds of Freedom: About the Eastern and Western Approaches to Freedom |year=1995 |publisher=P. Lang |isbn=978-0820425146}}</ref> Early maithuna might have insisted on generating sexual fluids (''maithunam dravyam'', or solely ''maithuna'' by [[metonymy]]) in order to be ritually ingested, in a similar way to the other four edible Panchamakara.<ref name=Kiss/><ref name=Cush>{{cite book |last1=Cush |first1=Denise |last2=Robinson |first2=Catherine |last3=York |first3=Michael |title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |year=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1135189785}}</ref> The shedding of semen is also compared to water-offering (''[[tarpana]]'').<ref name=Kiss>{{cite book |last=White |first=David Gordon |author-link=David Gordon White |title=Kiss of the Yogini: 'Tantric Sex' in its South Asian Contexts |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5RwARVMg2_4C |year=2006 |edition=paperback |orig-year=2003 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-02783-8 |pages=81–85}}</ref>
Ascetics of the [[Shaivism|Shaivite]] school of [[Mantra marga|Mantramarga]], in order to gain supernatural power, reenacted the penance of [[Shiva]] after cutting off one of [[Brahma]]'s heads ([[Bhikshatana]]). They worshipped Shiva with impure substances like alcohol, blood and sexual fluids generated in orgiastic rites with their consorts.{{sfn|English|2013|p=40}} As part of tantric inversion of social regulations, sexual yoga often recommends the usage of consorts from the most taboo groups available, such as close relatives or people from the lowest sections of society. They must be young and beautiful, as well as initiates in tantra.{{sfn|English|2013|p=41}}
[[Jayanta Bhatta]], the 9th-century scholar of the [[Nyaya]] school of [[Hindu philosophy]] and who commented on Tantra literature, stated that the Tantric ideas and spiritual practices are mostly well placed, but it also has "immoral teachings" such as by the so-called "Nilambara" sect where its practitioners "wear simply one blue garment, and then as a group engage in unconstrained public sex" on festivals. He wrote that this practice is unnecessary and it threatens fundamental values of society.{{sfn|Flood|2006|pp=48-49}}
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