Content deleted Content added
No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
m Updated short description Tags: Mobile edit Mobile app edit iOS app edit App description change |
||
(73 intermediate revisions by 44 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{
{{Use dmy dates|date=
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jadranka Kosor
| image
| caption = Kosor in
|
|
|
|
|
| deputy1 = [[Slobodan Uzelac]]<br />Božidar Pankretić<br />[[Darko Milinović]]<br />Domagoj Ivan Milošević<br />[[Petar Čobanković]]<br />[[Gordan Jandroković]]
|
| successor1 = [[Zoran Milanović]]
| office2 = [[Ministry of Croatian Veterans|Minister of Family, Veterans' Affairs and Intergenerational Solidarity]]
| primeminister2 = [[Ivo Sanader]]
|
| term_end2 = 6 July 2009
|
| successor2 = Tomislav Ivić
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Further offices held}}
| office3 = [[Opposition (Croatia)|Leader of the Opposition]]
| primeminister3 = [[Zoran Milanović]]
| term_start3 = 23 December 2011
|
| predecessor3 = Zoran Milanović
|
| office4 = [[List of chairpersons of the Croatian Democratic Union|President of the Croatian Democratic Union]]
|
|
|
| predecessor4 = [[Ivo Sanader]]
|
| office5 = Member of [[Croatian Parliament|Parliament]]
| term_start5 = 23 December 2011
| term_end5 = 28 December 2015
| constituency5 = V electoral district
|
| term_end6 = 22 December 2003
|
| term_start7 = 28 November 1995<ref>http://www.sabor.hr/sites/default/files/uploads/inline-files/HS_1995-1999_ZD_1_ocr.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
| term_end7 = 2 February 2000
| predecessor7 = [[Branko Mikša]]
| successor7 = District abolished
| constituency7 = XXVI electoral district{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1953|7|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lipik]], [[Socialist Republic of Croatia|PR Croatia]], [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|FPR Yugoslavia]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]] (2013–2015; 2015–present)
| otherparty = [[League of Communists of Croatia|SKH]] (until 1990)<br />[[Croatian Democratic Union|HDZ]] (1995–2013)<br />[[Successful Croatia]] (2015)
|
| spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|Hrvoje Markulj|1977|1981|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|Ivo Škopljanac|1984|1993|reason=divorced}}}}
| children = 1
| alma_mater = [[University of Zagreb]]
| signature = Accession Treaty 2011 Jadranka Kosor signature.svg
}}
'''Jadranka Kosor''' ({{IPA-hr|jǎdraːnka kɔ̂sɔr|
Kosor started working as a
As
In 2021, Kosor was awarded with the [[Grand Order of Queen Jelena|Grand Order of Queen Jelena with Sash and Morning Star]] by President of Croatia [[Zoran Milanović]] for "extraordinary contribution to the international position and reputation of the Republic of Croatia" and for "the development of relations between the Republic of Croatia and the Croatian people and other states and peoples."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.predsjednik.hr/en/news/president-milanovic-confers-grand-order-of-queen-jelena-with-sash-and-star-on-former-croatian-prime-minister-jadranka-kosor/|title=President Milanović Confers Grand Order of Queen Jelena with Sash and Star on Former Croatian Prime Minister Jadranka Kosor|date=9 December 2021}}</ref>
==Early life==
Jadranka Kosor was born in [[Lipik]] to Zorica Belan and Mirko Kosor. She finished primary education in [[Pakrac]].<ref name="slobodna-2009">{{cite news | url = http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/Hrvatska/tabid/66/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/60602/Default.aspx | language = hr | newspaper = [[Slobodna Dalmacija]] | title = Djetinjstvo Jadranke Kosor: ljepotica i vunderkind | date = 4 July 2009 | access-date = 14 March 2011}}</ref> Her parents divorced when she was two, and she spent her childhood living with her grandmother.<ref name="Jadranka Kosor">{{Cite news |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/enciklopedija/jadranka-kosor-18120|title=Jadranka Kosor|access-date=14 November 2017|language=hr}}</ref> Her childhood friends describe her as a pretty, smart, and sociable girl that loved poetry and wrote songs. She contested a beauty pageant and was selected runner up for Miss Swimming Pool of Lipik.<ref name="Jadranka Kosor"/> She studied in [[Zagreb]], where she graduated in law and began working as a journalist from 1972 as a correspondent for ''[[Večernji list]]'' and [[Radio Zagreb]]. In 1971, her book of poetry ''Koraci'' was published by the Pakrac branch of [[Matica hrvatska]].<ref name="slobodna-2009" /> During the [[Croatian War of Independence]], she worked as a radio-journalist and her show explored war topics such as [[refugee]] problems and disabled [[war veteran]]s.<ref name="vlada">{{cite web |url=http://www.vlada.hr/en/naslovnica/o_vladi_rh/clanovi_vlade/jadranka_kosor_dipl_iur |title=Jadranka Kosor (Members of Government) |access-date=24 August 2008 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119232039/http://www.vlada.hr/en/naslovnica/o_vladi_rh/clanovi_vlade/jadranka_kosor_dipl_iur |archive-date=19 January 2008 }}. Vlada.hr. Retrieved on 16 March 2013.</ref> She also worked briefly as a correspondent for the [[BBC]] during this time.
==Politics==
[[File:EPP Summit March 2011 (71).jpg|right|thumb|Kosor with German Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]]]]
In 1995, Kosor became a representative in the [[Croatian Parliament]] as a member of the [[Croatian Democratic Union]] (HDZ). She was also the vice-president of the Croatian Parliament. From 1999 to 2000, she was president of the HDZ's Women's Association Katarina Zrinski. She is credited with the number of female candidates from the HDZ in the [[2000 Croatian parliamentary election|2000 elections]] doubling.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Manon |last1=Tremblay |first2=Yvonne |last2=Galligan |title=Sharing Power: Women, Parliament, Democracy |location=Burlington, VT |publisher=Ashgate |year=2005 |page=133 |isbn=0754640892 }}</ref>
Kosor was the vice-president of the HDZ party between 1995 and 1997, and from 2002 up to 2009 when she became the president of the party. In 2003, she became the minister in the Croatian department for Family, Veterans and [[Inter-generational]] Solidarity in the [[Croatian Government]] of [[Ivo Sanader]].<ref name="vlada"/>
Line 79 ⟶ 76:
HDZ nominated her as their presidential candidate for the [[2005 Presidential elections of Croatia|presidential election of 2005]].<ref name="vlada"/> In the first round, she overtook [[Boris Mikšić]] by a few percent to reach the second place. She then faced off [[Stipe Mesić]] in the second round, but lost.
In July 2009, she was politically installed as the head of the [[Croatian Democratic Union]] following the resignation of Ivo Sanader.<ref name="Croatia closer to first woman PM">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8134577.stm |title=Croatia closer to first woman PM |date=4 July 2009
==Prime
On 1 July 2009, Croatian prime minister [[Ivo Sanader]] suddenly and unexpectedly resigned, and suggested Kosor as the next prime minister. With the support of the [[Cabinet of Ivo Sanader II|coalition partners]] Kosor went to the President [[Stjepan Mesić]] who invited her to form a government. This resulted in the formation of the [[Cabinet of Jadranka Kosor|Kosor cabinet]] which contained most members of the previous Sanader administration. On 6 July, [[Croatian Parliament|Parliament]] approved the proposed cabinet with 83 votes in favor out of 153 members and Kosor was confirmed as the first female Prime Minister of Croatia after independence - actually the third in the history of the republic after two female Prime Ministers of Socialist Republic of Croatia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.javno.com/en-croatia/kosor-approved-croatia-pm-vows-to-tackle-budget_268947|title=Kosor Approved Croatia PM, Vows To Tackle Budget|date=7 July 2009|access-date=7 July 2009|publisher=[[javno]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120529163521/http://www.javno.com/en-croatia/kosor-approved-croatia-pm-vows-to-tackle-budget_268947|archive-date=29 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://hidran.hidra.hr/hidrarad/rh/rh6.htm | language = hr | title = Jedanaesta vlada | publisher = Croatian Information-Documentation Referral Agency | access-date = 10 December 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120708181153/http://hidran.hidra.hr/hidrarad/rh/rh6.htm | archive-date = 8 July 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> The [[Opposition (Croatia)|Opposition]] was not pleased with this development calling Sanader a coward and Kosor his puppet saying that an early general election was necessary.
===Domestic policy===
[[File:Cristina Fernandez con Jadranka Kosor.jpg|200px|thumb|Kosor with Argentine President [[Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner]] in May 2010
[[File:Flickr - europeanpeoplesparty - EPP Summit September 2010 (147).jpg|thumb|Kosor with Bulgarian Prime Minister [[Boyko Borisov]] at an [[European People's Party|EPP]] summit in Meise, September 2010]]
In the first month of her term Kosor, faced with a huge deficit and high unemployment, introduced an emergency budget aimed to reduce spending and the national debt. One of the most unpopular austerity measures taken along with the introduction of the budget was a new income tax called the "crisis tax" ({{lang|hr|krizni porez}}).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/novosti/hrvatska/clanak/id/65028/jadranka-kosor-krizni-porez-zahvatit-ce-sve|title=Jadranka Kosor: Krizni porez zahvatit će sve!|date=27 August 2009}}</ref> In addition, the [[value-added tax]] rate was increased from 22% to 23%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/vlada-uvodi-krizni-porez-od-3-i-povecava-pdv-na-23/2825849/|title=Vlada uvodi krizni porez od 3% i povećava PDV na 23%!|date=22 July 2009}}</ref> Businesses criticized the tax hikes as well as the idea of tax code changes in the middle of the fiscal year as an unreasonable burden, while independent economists mostly noted how new taxes would cut consumer spending and further slow down the economy. The Opposition criticized the new measures heavily, calling the crisis tax ''[[harač]]'', a historical Turkish loanword representing a tax implemented during the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the late Middle Ages.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.24sata.hr/news/prva-godina-kosor-uvela-harac-i-produljila-recesiju-179906|title=Prva godina: Kosor uvela harač i produljila recesiju}}</ref> Indeed, the government's handling of finances was unpopular among the public resulting in the Prime Minister's dismal approval rating of 32% by the end of her first month.
In the last quarter of 2009, many public officials, as well as members of the boards of various government agencies, became suspected of participating in corrupt activities. An unprecedented number{{how many|date=July 2018}} of officials were detained and arrested under these allegations which resulted in both praise and criticism of Kosor's government. The praise was mostly directed by those{{who|date=July 2018}} who believed that the government had finally taken a stronger stance against political corruption, while others{{who|date=July 2018}} criticized the fact that most suspects were, in fact, members of Kosor's own [[Croatian Democratic Union]]. The Opposition accused the government, especially the
On 3 January 2010, Ivo Sanader announced he was returning to active politics, saying it was a mistake he ever left. He accused Kosor and the members of the HDZ Presidency of failed leadership citing [[Andrija Hebrang (son)|Andrija Hebrang's]] poor result in the [[Croatian presidential election, 2009-2010|first round of the presidential election]] held just a week earlier.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/sanader-odluka-da-se-povucem-iz-aktivne-politike-bila-je-pogreska-74610|title=Sanader: Odluka da se povučem iz aktivne politike bila je pogreška
Throughout 2010, the economy topped corruption as the biggest concern of the government, and the enthusiasm for Kosor and her government soon wore off. Industry shed tens of thousands of jobs, and unemployment soared. Consumer spending reduced drastically compared to record 2007 levels, causing widespread problems in the trade as well as transport industries. The import/export balance did derive a benefit from a large decrease in imports and a more tempered decrease in exports. The continuing declining standard resulted in a quick fall in both the Prime Minister's as well as government's support. In June, Kosor proposed loosening the labor law and making it more business-friendly. This was greatly opposed by the unions who have organized a petition against the proposed changes demanding a referendum on the issue. The petition was signed by over 700,000 citizens, unprecedented in Croatia. Just as the [[2010 Croatian labour law referendum]] was being prepared, the government decided to drop the proposed changes.<ref>{{cite
In August 2011, at the official celebration of [[Victory Day (Croatia)|Victory Day]], Kosor sent a public greeting to Croatian generals [[Ante Gotovina]] and [[Mladen Markač]] who were in April of the same year found guilty in a first instance verdict of war crimes and crimes against humanity by [[International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia|ICTY]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/croatia/8684853/Croatian-prime-minister-hails-convicted-war-crimes-generals.html|title=Croatian prime minister hails convicted war crimes generals|date=5 August 2011|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|
===Foreign relations===
Jadranka Kosor signed an agreement with [[Borut Pahor]], the prime minister of [[Slovenia]], in November 2009, that ended [[Slovenia's blockade of Croatia's EU accession]] and allowed [[Accession of Croatia to the European Union|Croatian EU entry negotiations]] to proceed. On 9 December 2011, Prime Minister Kosor and President [[Ivo Josipović]] signed [[Treaty of Accession 2011|EU Accession Treaty]] in [[Brussels]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.novilist.hr/Vijesti/Hrvatska/Josipovic-i-Kosor-potpisali-pristupni-ugovor-s-Europskom-unijom|title=Josipović i Kosor potpisali pristupni ugovor s Europskom unijom! / Novi list|first=Neomedia|last=Komunikacije|website=www.novilist.hr|date=9 December 2011 }}</ref>
===Standing in opinion polls===
[[File:Kosorapproval.png|thumb|
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left;font-size:90%; text-align:upleft; background:white"
|+ Jadranka Kosor's approval ratings
!Date
Line 109 ⟶ 110:
|1 August 2009
|First month in office
| 32<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/sokantni-rezultati-istrazivanja-sdp-potukao-hdz.html#video|title=Nikad veća razlika: SDP 'potukao' HDZ
|-
|29 January 2010
|After expelling Sanader from the party
| 71<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/gradzani-rad-vlade-ocjenjuju-pozitivno.html|title=Nakon svih afera: SDP i HDZ čvrsto drže svoje pozicije
|-
|30 June 2010
|Labour Union referendum
| 39<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/67-gradzana-misli-da-zemlja-ide-u-pogresnom-smjeru.html|title=Pesimizam i nepovjerenje: Kosor snažno gubi popularnost!
|-
|25 December 2010
|Arrest of Ivo Sanader
| 33<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dnevnik.hr/sdp-pojedinacno-najjaca-stranka-kosor-pala-za-44-posto.html|title=SDP najjači, potpora Jadranki Kosor pala za 44 posto
|-
|25 November 2011
|Last poll before losing the election
| 23<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://odluka2011.dnevnik.hr/clanak/vijesti/izbori-2011-crobarometar-kampanja-nikome-nije-donijela-nista.html |title=Izbori 2011. - Crobarometar: Kampanja nikome nije donijela ništa - Odluka 2011 |access-date=22 November 2012 |archive-date=28 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228204250/http://odluka2011.dnevnik.hr/clanak/vijesti/izbori-2011-crobarometar-kampanja-nikome-nije-donijela-nista.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! 27 February 2010
! '''Personal High'''
! '''77'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/u-ovom-trenutku-kosor-se-dobro-prodaje.html|title=U ovom trenutku Kosor se 'dobro prodaje'
|-
! 29 October 2010
! '''Personal Low'''
! '''22'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/ekskluzivno-dramatican-pad-i-hdz-a-i-sdp-a.html|title=Ekskluzivno: Dramatičan pad i HDZ-a i SDP-a!
|-
!
Line 143 ⟶ 144:
==Post-premiership==
[[File:Borut Pahor, Jadranka Kosor and Boris Tadić in 2010 11.jpg|200px|thumb|
Following HDZ's defeat at the [[2011 Croatian parliamentary election|2011 parliamentary election]], Kosor handed over power to newly elected prime minister,
Kosor continued as an independent, considerably more liberal, politician and eventually formed a deputy club with two [[Croatian Civic Party]] MPs. Kosor voted in favour of presenting the issue of the [[2013 Croatian constitutional referendum|2013 referendum on banning same-sex marriage]] before the Constitutional Court, and against the proposed Constitutional change which represented a change from her previous position on homosexuality and same-sex marriage since she had been known for being against the expansion of LGBT rights. She also voted for the Life Partnership Act which gave same-sex couples in Croatia rights equal to heterosexual married couples.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.index.hr/black/clanak/jadranka-kosor-homofob-godine/471979.aspx |title=Jadranka Kosor homofob godine |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=
Kosor is very active on [[Twitter]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.index.hr/black/clanak/foto-jadranka-kosor-iznenadila-fotografijom-ovo-je-vec-raspojasanost/988376.aspx|title=FOTO Jadranka Kosor iznenadila fotografijom: "Ovo je već raspojasanost"|website=www.index.hr}}</ref> where she writes on daily events and statements by politicians. She also maintains a personal blog - "Day After Yesterday - On Obverses and Reverses of Politics".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jadrankakosorblog.wordpress.com|title=Dan nakon jučer|website=Dan nakon jučer}}</ref> In 2017, she published a book which included texts she wrote on her blog and columns written for the Slovenian leftist newspaper [[Dnevnik (Slovenia)|Dnevnik]] in the period from 2015 to 2017 in which she commented on Croatian interior and foreign politics.
In 2023, she reached the semi-final of Croatia's [[Masked Singer]].<ref name="Insider2023">{{cite web |title='ŠTETA ŠTO JE ISPALA, BAŠ JE BILA MOĆNA': Kosor je i dalje glavna tema u državi, svi su oduševljeni njezinim nastupima |url=https://insider.story.hr/politika/a2247/Jadranka-Kosor-u-Masked-Singeru.html |website=Insider |access-date=3 July 2023 |language=hr}}</ref>
==Personal life==
Jadranka Kosor was married twice; between 1971 and 1981 to Hrvoje Markul, an editor of the HTV Entertainment Program, and between 1984 and 1993 to Ivo Škopljanac, the radio host. Her son [[Lovro Škopljanac]] (b. 1984) works as a senior assistant at the Department of Comparative Literature at the [[Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb|Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/spektakli/jadranka-kosor-postaje-baka-sin-lovro-skopljanac-31-tajno-se-vjencao-s-djevojkom-mateom-cekaju-bebu/174115/|title=JADRANKA KOSOR POSTAJE BAKA Sin Lovro Škopljanac (31) tajno se vjenčao s djevojkom Mateom, čekaju bebu|date=9 October 2015}}</ref>
She has published five books - two of poetry, two related to the Croatian War of Independence and one containing her comments on Croatian politics. Kosor received ''The Golden Pen Award of the Croatian Journalists' Association'', ''European Union's Humanitarian Award'', ''European Circle Award of the Croatian European House'' and ''[[Croatian Radiotelevision|HRT]]'s Lifetime Achievement Award "Ivan Šibl"''. She is an honorary member of the ''Association of Parents of Deceased Veterans'', Honorary Vice President of the ''Association of the Deafblind "Dodir"'', Honorary President of the ''Association of Homeland Defence War Veterans - HVIDRA'', Honorary President of the ''Association of Croatian Homeland Defence War Veterans Treated for PTSD of the Šibenik-Knin County - "Tvrđava Knin"'' and Honorary President of the ''International Committee of Humanists for the Protection of Children and Families from Abuse and Violence''.<ref name="Hrvatski sabor"/>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Jadranka Kosor}}
* [http://www.vlada.hr/en/naslovnica/o_vladi_rh/clanovi_vlade/jadranka_kosor_dipl_iur Jadranka Kosor's CV at the Croatian Government website]{{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20080119232039/http://www.vlada.hr/en/naslovnica/o_vladi_rh/clanovi_vlade/jadranka_kosor_dipl_iur |date=19 January 2008 }}
{{s-start}}
Line 193 ⟶ 199:
[[Category:Candidates for President of Croatia]]
[[Category:Croatian Democratic Union politicians]]
[[Category:Deputy prime ministers of Croatia]]
[[Category:Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Pakrac]]
[[Category:Prime
[[Category:Representatives in the modern Croatian Parliament]]
[[Category:Veterans' affairs ministers of Croatia]]
[[Category:Women prime ministers in Europe]]
[[Category:Women government ministers of Croatia]]
[[Category:Lipik]]
[[Category:21st-century Croatian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Croatian politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century women prime ministers]]
|