Sixtine Vulgate: Difference between revisions

{{shortShort description|Official Catholic edition of the Latin Vulgate published in 1590 under Pope Sixtus V}}

In 1546, the [[Council of Trent]] had decreed that the Vulgate was authoritative and authentic, and ordered that the Vugateit be printed as correctly as possible. No edition of the Vulgate officially approved by the Catholic Church existed at the time. Twenty years later, work to produce an official edition of the Vulgate began: [[Pius V]] appointed a commission to produce an official edition of the Vulgate. However, his successor, [[Gregory XIII]], did not continue the work.

In 1566{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|loc="Chapitre sixième – Les commissions pontificales du concilde de Trente à Sixte-Quint" [Chapter Six – The Pontifical Committees from the Council of Trent to Sixtus Quintus]|p=160}}{{Sfnp|Gerace|2016|p=210}} or 1569,<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Thomson|first=Francis J.|title=Methodios und Kyrillos in ihrer europäischen Dimension|publisher=[[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]]|year=2005|editor-last=Konstantinou|editor-first=Evangelos|pages=83|chapter=The Legacy of SS Cyril and Methodius in the Counter Reformation|chapter-url=http://www.europa-zentrum-wuerzburg.de/unterseiten/Band10-Thomson.pdf}}</ref> another commission was appointed by [[Pope Pius V]] (''Congregatio pro emendatione Bibliorum''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vercellone|first=Carlo|url=httphttps://archive.org/details/variaelectiones00vercgoog|title=Variae lectiones Vulgatae Latinae Bibliorum editionis|date=1860|publisher=I. Spithöver|others=Harvard University|pages=XXII|isbn=9780790583181 |language=la|author-link=Carlo Vercellone}}</ref>) to produce an official edition of the Vulgate.{{Sfnp|Gerace|2016|p=210}}<ref name=":322">{{Cite book|last=Hastings|first=James|title=A Dictionary of the Bible|date=2004|publisher=University Press of the Pacific|isbn=9781410217295|volume=4, Part 2 (Shimrath - Zuzim)|location=Honolulu, Hawaii|pages=880|language=en|chapter=Vulgate|author-link=James Hastings|orig-year=1898|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yk1CKgPRKtAC&q=pius+V+commission+vulgate&pg=PA880}}</ref> This commission was composed of five cardinals ([[Marco Antonio Colonna (16th-century cardinal)|M. A. Colonna]], [[Gugliemo Sirleto|G. Sirleto]], [[Cristoforo Madruzzo|C. Madruzzo]], [[Jérôme Souchier|J. Souchier]], and [[Antonio Carafa (cardinal)|Antonio Carafa]]){{Sfnp|Gerace|2016|p=210}}{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|loc="Chapitre sixième – Les commissions pontificales du concilde de Trente à Sixte-Quint" [Chapter Six – The Pontifical Committees from the Council of Trent to Sixtus Quintus]|p=160}}<ref name=":2" /> and twelve advisors.{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|loc="Chapitre sixième – Les commissions pontificales du concilde de Trente à Sixte-Quint" [Chapter Six – The Pontifical Committees from the Council of Trent to Sixtus Quintus]|p=160}}

The commission worked on the basis of the 1583 edition by [[Franciscus Lucas Brugensis]] of the [[Leuven Vulgate]]{{Sfnp|Gerace|2016|p=224}} and "[g]ood manuscripts were used as authorities, including notably the [[Codex Amiatinus]].".{{Sfnp|Metzger|1977|p=348|loc=}}<ref name=":13">{{Cite book|last=Kenyon|first=Frederic G.|url=https://archive.org/details/MN41613ucmf_0|title=Our Bible and the ancient manuscripts; being a history of the text and its translations|date=1903|publisher=[[Eyre and Spottiswoode]]|others=University of Chicago|edition=4th|location=London, New York [etc.]|page=[https://archive.org/details/MN41613ucmf_0/page/n254 187]|chapter=Chapter IX. The Vulgate in the Middle Ages|author-link=Frederic G. Kenyon}}</ref> The commission wrote annotations and corrected directly on an exemplar of the 1583 edition of the Leuven Vulgate;<ref name=":10">{{Cite book|last=Thomson|first=Francis J.|title=Methodios und Kyrillos in ihrer europäischen Dimension|publisher=[[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]]|year=2005|editor-last=Konstantinou|editor-first=Evangelos|pages=84|chapter=The Legacy of SS Cyril and Methodius in the Counter Reformation|chapter-url=http://www.europa-zentrum-wuerzburg.de/unterseiten/Band10-Thomson.pdf}}</ref> this Bible corrected by the commission is known as the ''Codex Carafianus''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=httphttps://archive.org/details/nouumtestamentum01whit|title=Nouum Testamentum Domini nostri Jesu Christi latine, secundum editionem Sancti Hieronymi|date=1889|publisher=[[The Clarendon Press]]|editor-last=Wordsworth|editor-first=John|editor-link=John Wordsworth|volume=1|location=Oxford|page=xxviii|chapter=Praefatio editorum Prolegomenorum loco Euangeliis Praemissa (Cap. V. Codices manuscripti aloo on notulis interdum citati.)|editor-last2=White|editor-first2=Henry Julian|editor-link2=Henry Julian White}}</ref>{{Sfnp|Gerace|2016|p=225}}{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|loc=|pp=8, 171}}

At one point, Sixtus began to lose patience due to the slow progress of the commission.{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|loc="Chapitre septième – Les éditions Sixtine et Clémentine (1590–1592)" [Chapter seven – The Sixtine and Clementine editions (1590–1592)]|p=182-183}} Nevertheless, "in view of the work which had already been carried out" the work of the commission was finished in 1588.<ref name=":10" /> However, Sixtus was dissatisfied with the work produced by the commission, and on 17 November 1588 told Carafa that the latter had to either give him a completed revised edition of the Vulgate or give him the Bible he was working on (the ''Codex Carafianus''); Sixtus said it was because he wanted to revise everything himself. The same day, Carafa handed Sixtus the Bible annoted with corrections (the ''Codex Carafianus'').<ref name=":10" />{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|loc="Chapitre septième – Les éditions Sixtine et Clémentine (1590–1592)" [Chapter seven – The Sixtine and Clementine editions (1590–1592)]|p=182-183}}{{Efn|In contrast to what is written here, Scrivener says that the commission presented the result of their work to Sixtus at the beginning of 1589.<ref name=":3" />|name=|group=}} According to Quentin, the corrections of the ''Codex Carafianus'' were "excellent", but they were "not presented in a convincing way. It is merely a list of readings without anything to indicate their value. Those readings, when put against the mainstream readings found in the Leuven Bible [Vulgate], seem[ed] to Sixtus V like some alternatives which should only be used instead of the mainstream text if they contain a real progress concerning the meaning or the literary quality of the passage.".{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|p=183}}

Sixtus V worked by himself on the edition of the Vulgate. From 17 November 1588 until June 1589, he revised the text; until the end of November 1589, he corrected the proofs.<ref name=":10" /> Sixtus made the corrections using simple conjectures and working quickly.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.revue-resurrection.org/La-Bible-latine-de-la-Vetus-latina-a-la-Neo|title=La Bible latine : de la Vetus latina à la Néo-Vulgate|last=Gandil|first=Pierre|date=April–July 2002|website=revue-resurrection.org|publisher=Résurrection {{!}} N° 99–100 : La traduction de la Bible|language=fr|access-date=2019-09-19|archive-date=16 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216120112/http://www.revue-resurrection.org/La-Bible-latine-de-la-Vetus-latina-a-la-Neo|url-status=dead}}</ref> He used the ''Codex Carafianus''.<ref>Carlo Vercellone, [https://archive.org/stream/variaelectiones00vercgoog#page/n34/mode/2up ''Variae lectiones Vulgatae Latinae Bibliorum editionis''], Romae 1860, p. XXX.</ref> Sixtus was helped in his editing work by a few people he trusted, including [[Francisco de Toledo (Jesuit)|Toledo]] and [[Angelo Rocca|Rocca]] but excluding the members of the commission and Carafa.{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|loc=Chapitre septième – Les éditions Sixtine et Clémentine (1590–1592) [Chapter seven – The Sixtine and Clementine editions (1590–1592)]|p=190}}

In May (or April<ref name=":9" />) 1590 the completed work was issued{{Sfnp|Metzger|1977|p=348|loc=}} in one volume, in a [[Folio|folio edition]], containing three distinct parts,{{Efn|The title page bears the indication "three distinct volumes/sections" (''tribus [[wiktionary:tomus|tomis]] distincta'')<ref name=":32"/>|name=|group=}} with the [[page numbering]] continuous throughout the entire volume.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":32" /><ref>{{Cite web <!-- Citation bot no -->|url=http://corsair.themorgan.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=53652|title=Biblia sacra vulgatae editionis ad concilii Tridentini praescriptum emendata et a Sixto V.P.M. recognata et approbata.|website=The Morgan Library & Museum|date=14 September 1590 |access-date=15 March 2020| type= library holding record}}</ref> The Sixtine Vulgate was mostly free of [[typographical error]]s.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":32" /> Regardless, even after the printed edition was issued, Sixtus continued to tinker with the text, revising it either by hand or by pasting strips of paper on the text.<ref name=":0">Le Bachalet, Xavier-Marie, ''Bellarmin et la Bible Sixto-Clémentine : Étude et documents inédits'', Paris: Gabriel Beauchesne & Cie, 1911 (in French). The majority of this work is reproduced [http://www.virgo-maria.org/articles_HTML/2007/010_2007/VM-2007-10-03/VM-2007-10-03-B-00-Madiran-imposture-Bible_Sixto-Clementine.htm at the bottom of this article]{{Unreliable source?|date=February 2024}} ("Annexe 1 – Etude du Révérend Père Le Bachelet (1911)").</ref>

The edition was preceded by the bull ''[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Aeternus_Ille Aeternus Ille]'', in which the Pope declared the authenticity of the new Bible.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.internationalstandardbible.com/V/vulgate.html|title=Vulgate in the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia.|website=International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online|language=en|access-date=17 September 2019}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yk1CKgPRKtAC&q=Bull+Aeternus+ille&pg=PA881|title=A Dictionary of the Bible|last=Hastings|first=James|date=2004|publisher=University Press of the Pacific|isbn=9781410217295|volume=4, Part 2 (Shimrath - Zuzim)|location=Honolulu, Hawaii|pages=881|language=en|chapter=Vulgate|author-link=James Hastings|orig-year=1898}}</ref> The bull stipulated "that it was to be considered as the authentic edition recommended by the Council of Trent, that it should be taken as the standard of all future reprints, and that all copies should be corrected by it.".<ref name=":3" /> The bull also stated that "[t]his edition was not to be reprinted for 10 years except at the Vatican, and after that any edition must be compared with the Vatican edition, so that 'not even the smallest particle should be altered, added or removed' under pain of the 'greater [[Excommunication (Catholic Church)|excommunication]]'.".<ref name=":5" /> Furthermore, the bull demanded that all [[missals]] and [[breviaries]] be revised to use the text of the Sixtine Vulgate, and that the Sixtine Vulgate replace all other Bibles within four months in Italy and within eight months elsewhere.<ref name=":9" /> This was the first time the Vulgate was recognized as the official authoritative text.<ref name=":722">{{Cite book|last1=Aland|first1=Kurt|title=The Text of the New Testament|last2=Aland|first2=Barbara|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]|others=[''Der Text Des Neuen Testaments'']|year=1995|isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1|edition=2nd|location=Grand Rapids|page=190|translator-last=Rhodes|translator-first=Erroll F.|chapter=The Latin versions|quote=Vulgate is the name given the form of the Latin text which has been widely circulated (vulgata) in the Latin church since the seventh century, enjoying recognition as the officially authoritative text, first in the edition of Pope Sixtus V (Rome, 1590), and then of Pope Clement VIII (Rome, 1592), until the Neo-Vulgate.|author-link=Kurt Aland|author-link2=Barbara Aland}}</ref>

Two whole verses and the end of one were dropped from the [[Book of Numbers]]: the end of Numbers 30:11 and the whole verses 12 and 13 <!-- The source only says "The omission of Numbers 30:11-13", but after checking the scan I added some nuance; I admit it is almost [[WP:OR]] --> ("has bound herself by a vow or an oath, if her husband heard it and remained silent, and he did not contradict the promise, she shall repay what she had promised. But if he promptly contradicts it, she shall not be held liable to the promise. For her husband has contradicted it. And the Lord will be favorable to her.". [http://www.sacredbible.org/catholic/OT-04_Numbers.htm#30 Catholic Public Domain Version]). However, it is unclear whether this was a [[Typographical error|printing error]] or an editorial choice, "as the passage was cited by [[Moral theology|moral theologians]] to substantiate the view that husbands may annul [[vows of chastity]] taken by their wives without their consent.".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thomson|first=Francis J.|title=Methodios und Kyrillos in ihrer europäischen Dimension|publisher=[[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]]|year=2005|editor-last=Konstantinou|editor-first=Evangelos|pages=86|chapter=The Legacy of SS Cyril and Methodius in the Counter Reformation|chapter-url=http://www.europa-zentrum-wuerzburg.de/unterseiten/Band10-Thomson.pdf}}</ref>

On 27 August 1590 Sixtus V died. After his death, many alleged that the text of the Sixtine Vulgate was "too error-ridden for general use".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/reformationofbib0000peli|url-access=registration|title=The reformation of the Bible, the Bible of the Reformation|last=Pelikan|first=Jaroslav Jan|date=1996|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|others=Dallas: Bridwell Library; Internet Archive|location=New Haven|page=[https://archive.org/details/reformationofbib0000peli/page/98 98]|chapter=Catalog of Exhibition [Item 1.14]|isbn=9780300066678 |author-link=Jaroslav Pelikan}}</ref> On 5 September of the same year, the [[College of Cardinals]] stopped all further sales of the Sixtine Vulgate and bought and destroyed as many copies as possible{{Efn|"However, this work [the Sixtine Vulgate] was not appreciated by the Congregation of the Cardinals and a week [''sic'', 9 days] after the death of Pope Sixtus V (27 August 1590) they ordered, first, the suspension of the selling of this edition and the destruction of the printed copies shortly thereafter."{{Sfnp|Gerace|2016|p=225}}|name=|group=}} by burning them; the reason invoked for this action was printing inaccuracies in Sixtus V's edition of the Vulgate. [[Bruce M. Metzger|Metzger]] believes that the inaccuracies may have been a pretext and that the attack against this edition had been instigated by the [[Jesuits]], "whom Sixtus had offended [[Disputationes de Controversiis#Almost in the Index|by putting one of Bellarmine's books on the 'Index']],{{Efn|"Bellarmine's intellectual efforts gained him a more central position within the [[Roman Curia]] but he also encountered dangerous setbacks. In 1587 he became a member of the [[Congregation of the Index]] and in 1598 became one of the ''consultores'' of the [[Inquisition]]. Meanwhile, the implications of the doctrine of ''potestas indirecta'' angered Pope Sixtus V, who often opposed the Society of Jesus because he thought the Society's doctrines diminished the authority of the bishop of Rome. In 1589–90 Sixtus moved to put Volume 1 of [[Disputationes de Controversiis|''Controversiae'']] on the Index of Prohibited Books while Bellarmine was in France on a diplomatic mission. However, the Congregation of the Index and, later, the Society of Jesus resisted this. In 1590 Sixtus died, and with him the project of the Sistine Index also died."<ref name=Temporal>{{Cite web|url=https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/on-temporal-and-spiritual-authority|title=On Temporal and Spiritual Authority|last=Bellarmine|first=Robert|year=2012|editor-last=Tutino|editor-first=Stefania|website=Online Library of Liberty|publisher=[[Liberty Fund]]|location=Indianapolis|access-date=2019-10-01}}</ref>|name=|group=}} and took this method of revenging themselves.".{{Sfnp|Metzger|1977|pp=348–349}} [[Henri Quentin|Quentin]] suggests that this decision was due to the fact that the [[heretics]] could have used against the Catholic Church the passages of the Bible which Sixtus V had either removed or modified. Bellarmine did not take part in the ban on the Sixtine Vulgate as he was in Paris when Sixtus published the Sixtine Vulgate, and only came back in Rome in November 1590.{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|pp=190–191|loc="Chapitre septième – Les éditions Sixtine et Clémentine (1590–1592)" [Chapter seven – The Sixtine and Clementine editions (1590–1592)]}}

After Sixtus V's death, [[Robert Bellarmine]] wrote a letter in 1602 to Clement VIII trying to dissuade him from resolving the question of the ''[[Congregatio de Auxiliis|auxiliis divinae gratiae]]'' by himself. In his letter Bellarmine wrote concerning the Sixtine Vulgate: "Your Holiness also knows in what danger Sixtus V put himself and put the whole Church, by trying to correct the Bible according to his own judgment: and for me I really do not know if there has ever been greater danger.".<ref>Le Bachalet, Xavier-Marie, ''Bellarmin et la Bible Sixto-Clémentine : Étude et documents inédits'', Paris: Gabriel Beauchesne & Cie, 1911 (in French). The majority of this work is reproduced [http://www.virgo-maria.org/articles_HTML/2007/010_2007/VM-2007-10-03/VM-2007-10-03-B-00-Madiran-imposture-Bible_Sixto-Clementine.htm at the bottom of this article] ("ANNEXE 1 – Etude du Révérend Père Le Bachelet (1911)").<br />"Votre Sainteté sait encore dans quel danger Sixte-Quint, de sainte mémoire, se mit lui-même et mit toute l'Eglise, en voulant corriger la Bible d'après son propre jugement, et pour moi je ne sais vraiment pas s'il y eut jamais plus grand danger." <!--"de sainte mémoire" ("of holy memory") is only found here, it is not present in the sources giving the Latin version, nor in the article Le Bachelet later wrote on the DTC (DTC article: http://jesusmarie.free.fr/robert_bellarmin_dictionnaire_theologie_catholique.html)--></ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=van Ess|first=Leander|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59wGAAAAQAAJ&q=Leander+van+Ess+novit+beatitudo&pg=PA290|title=Pragmatisch-kritische Geschichte der Vulgata im Allgemeinen, und zunächst in Beziehung auf das Trientische Decret. Oder: Ist der Katholik gesetzlich an die Vulgata gebunden?|date=1824|publisher=Ludwig Friedrich Fues|location=Tübingen|pages=290–291|language=de|trans-title=Pragmatico-critical history of the Vulgate in general, and initially in relation to the Decree of Trent. Or: Are Catholics bound by law to the Vulgate?|chapter=𝔊𝔢ſ𝔠𝔥𝔦𝔠𝔥𝔱𝔢 𝔡𝔢𝔯 𝔖𝔦𝔵𝔱𝔦𝔫ſ𝔠𝔥𝔢𝔫 𝔅𝔲𝔩𝔤𝔞𝔱𝔞. §. 22.|trans-chapter=History of the Sixtine Vulgate § 22|quote="Novit beatitudo vestra cui se totamque ecclesiam discrimini commiserit Sixtus V. dum juxta propriae doctrinae sensus sacrorum bibliorum emendationem aggressus est; nec satis scio an gravius unquam periculum occurrerit"}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Le Blanc|first=Augustino|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2bVWAAAAcAAJ&q=novit+beatitudo+vestra,+cui+se+totamque+ecclesiam+discrimini+commiserit+sixtus+V.&pg=RA4-PA5|title=Historiae Congregationum De Auxiliis Divinae Gratiae, Sub Summis Pontificibus Clemente VIII. Et Paulo V. Libri Quatuor: Quibus ... confutantur recentiores hujus Historiae Depravatores, maximè verò Autor Libelli Gallicè inscripti, Remonstrance à M. l'Archevêque de Reims, sur son Ordonnnance du 15. Juillet 1697. ...|date=1700|publisher=Denique|location=Leuven|pages=326|language=la|chapter=De auxilis lib. II. Cap. XXVI.|quote=Novit Beatitudo Vestra, cui se totamque eccleſiam discrimini commiſerit Sixtus V. dum juxta propriæ doctrinæ ſenſus, ſacrorum Bibliorum emendationem aggreſſus eſt: nec fatiſcio an gravius unquam periculum occurerit.}}</ref>

According to [[James Hastings]], Clement VIII's "personal hostility" toward Sixtus and his belief that the Sixtine Vulgate was not "a worthy representative of the Vulgate text" were the reasons behind the recall.<ref name=":32"/> [[Eberhard Nestle]] suggests that the revocation was really due to the influence of the Jesuits, whom Sixtus had offended by putting one of Bellarmine's books on the Index Librorum prohibitorum.<ref name=":3" /> [[Frederic G. Kenyon|Kenyon]] writes that the Sixtine Vulgate was "full of errors", but that Clement VIII was also motivated in his decision to recall the edition by the Jesuits, "whom Sixtus had offended.".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kenyon|first=Frederic G.|url=https://archive.org/details/MN41613ucmf_0|title=Our Bible and the ancient manuscripts; being a history of the text and its translations|date=1903|publisher=[[Eyre and Spottiswoode]]|others=University of Chicago|edition=4th|location=London, New York [etc.]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/MN41613ucmf_0/page/n288 187]–188|chapter=Chapter IX. The Vulgate in the Middle Ages|author-link=Frederic G. Kenyon}}</ref> Sixtus regarded the Jesuits with disfavour and suspicion. He considered making radical changes to their constitution, but his death prevented this from being carried out.<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Sixtus |volume= 25 |short=x}}</ref> Sixtus V objected to some of the Jesuits' rules and especially to the title "Society of Jesus". He was at the point of changing these when he died.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14033a.htm|title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Sixtus V|website=newadvent.org|access-date=21 September 2019}}</ref> Sixtus V "had some conflict with the Society of Jesus more generally, especially regarding the Society's concept of blind obedience to the [[Superior General of the Society of Jesus|General]], which for Sixtus and other important figures of the [[Roman Curia]] jeopardized the preeminence of the role of the pope within the Church.".<ref name="Temporal" /> [[Jaroslav Pelikan]], without giving any more details, says that the Sixtine Vulgate "proved to be so defective that it was withdrawn".<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|chapter-url=httphttps://archive.org/details/reformationofbib0000peli|title=The reformation of the Bible, the Bible of the Reformation|last=Pelikan|first=Jaroslav Jan|date=1996|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|others=Dallas : Bridwell Library ; Internet Archive|location=New Haven|pages=14|chapter=1 : Sacred Philology|isbn=9780300066678 |chapter-url-access=registration|author-link=Jaroslav Pelikan}}</ref>

The Sixtine Vulgate is cited in the ''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', or "Nestle-Aland", only when it differs from the [[Sixto-Clementine Vulgate]], and is designated in said Nestle-Aland by the ''[[siglum]]'' vg^s.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Aland|first1=Kurt|title=The Text of the New Testament|last2=Aland|first2=Barbara|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]|others=[''Der Text Des Neuen Testaments'']|year=1995|isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1|edition=2nd|location=Grand Rapids|page=250|translator-last=Rhodes|translator-first=Erroll F.|chapter=Novum Testamentum Graece²⁶ (Nestle-Aland²⁶ )|quote=The various editions of the Vulgate are indicated by the following abbreviations when information about their text is necessary or informative: vg^s for the Sixtine edition (Rome: 1590) and vg^cl for the Clementine edition (Rome: 1592). vg^s is not indicated independently when its text agrees with vg^cl.|author-link=Kurt Aland|author-link2=Barbara Aland}}</ref> It is also cited in the [[Oxford Vulgate New Testament]], where it is designated by the ''siglum'' {{Script|en-Latf|S}}.<ref>{{Cite book|url=httphttps://archive.org/details/nouumtestamentum01whit|title=Nouum Testamentum Domini nostri Jesu Christi latine, secundum editionem Sancti Hieronymi|date=1889|publisher=[[The Clarendon Press]]|editor-last=Wordsworth|editor-first=John|editor-link=John Wordsworth|volume=1|location=Oxford|page=xxix|chapter=Praefatio editorum Prolegomenorum loco Euangeliis Praemissa (Cap. VI. Editiones saepius uel perpetuo citatae.)|editor-last2=White|editor-first2=Henry Julian|editor-link2=Henry Julian White}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":32" /> It is not cited in the [[Stuttgart Vulgate]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=httphttps://archive.org/details/bibliasacraiuxta0000unse_d8t5|title=Biblia sacra : iuxta Vulgatam versionem|publisher=Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft|others=Oliver Wendell Holmes Library, Phillips Academy|year=2007|isbn=978-3-438-05303-9|editor-last=Weber|editor-first=Robert|edition=5th|location=Stuttgart|pages=XLV, XLVII, XLVIII|chapter=Index codicum et editionum|editor-last2=Gryson|editor-first2=Roger|url-access=registration}}</ref>

After [[Pope Clement VIII|Clement VIII]] had recalled all the copies of the Sixtine Vulgate in 1592,<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":32"/> in November of that year he published a new official version of the Vulgate known as the [[Clementine Vulgate]],{{Sfnp|Metzger|1977|p=349}}<ref name=":8">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/reformationofbib0000peli|url-access=registration|title=The reformation of the Bible, the Bible of the Reformation|last=Pelikan|first=Jaroslav Jan|date=1996|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|others=Dallas : Bridwell Library ; Internet Archive|location=New Haven|pages=[https://archive.org/details/reformationofbib0000peli/page/14 14], 98|chapter=1 : Sacred Philology ; Catalog of Exhibition [Item 1.14]|isbn=9780300066678 |author-link=Jaroslav Pelikan}}</ref> also called the Sixto-Clementine Vulgate.<ref name=":8" />{{Sfnp|Gerace|2016|p=225}} Faced with about six thousand corrections on matters of detail, and a hundred that were important, and wishing to save the honour of Sixtus V, Bellarmine undertook the writing of the preface of this edition. He ascribed all the imperfections of Sixtus' Vulgate to [[Printing press|press]] errors.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bungener|first=Félix|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofcouncil00bung|title=History of the Council of Trent|publisher=[[Harper (publisher)|Harper and Brothers]]|year=1855|edition=2nd|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofcouncil00bung/page/92 92]}}</ref>{{Efn|1=See also Bellarmine's testimony in his autobiography:

In 1591, [[Gregory XIV]] wondered what to do about the Bible published by Sixtus V, where so many things had been wrongly corrected. There was no lack of serious men who were in favor of a public condemnation. But, in the presence of the [[Sovereign Pontiff]], I demonstrated that this edition should not be prohibited, but only corrected in such a way that, in order to save the honor of Sixtus V, it be republished amended: this would be accomplished by making disappear as soon as possible the unfortunate modifications, and by reprinting under the name of this Pontiff this new version with a preface where it would be explained that, in the first edition, because of the haste that had been brought, some errors were made through the fault either of printers or of other people. This is how I returned good for evil to Pope Sixtus. Sixtus, indeed, because of my thesis on the direct power of the Pope, had put my [[Disputationes de Controversiis|''Controversies'']] on the [[Index of Prohibited Books]] until after correction; but as soon as he died, the [[Sacred Congregation of Rites]] ordered my name to be removed from the Index. My advice pleased Pope Gregory. He created a Congregation to quickly revise the Sistine version and to bring it closer to the vulgates in circulation, in particular [[Leuven Vulgate|that of Leuven]]. [...] After the death of Gregory (XIV) and [[Innocent V|Innocent (V)]], [[Clement VIII]] edited this revised Bible, under the name of Sixtus (V), with the Preface of which I am the author.

{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/autobiografia16100bell/page/59|title=Autobiografia (1613)|last=Bellarmino|first=Roberto Francesco Romolo|date=1999|publisher=Morcelliana|others=Internet Archive|isbn=88-372-1732-3|editor-last=Giustiniani|editor-first=Pasquale|location=Brescia|pages=[https://archive.org/details/autobiografia16100bell/page/59 59–60]|language=it|translator-last=Galeota|translator-first=Gustavo|chapter=Memorie autobiografiche (1613)|chapter-url-access=registration}}<br>(in original Latin: [https://books.google.becom/books?id=kbs-xzAKadgC&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=sixto%20V#v=onepage+V&qpg=sixto%20V&f=falsePA5 ''Vita ven. Roberti cardinalis Bellarmini''], pp. 30–31); (in French [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k932002v/f108.image here], pp. 106–107)|name=|group=}} According to Quentin, "a slight possibility remains that Sixtus V, who we know worked until the last day of his life to purge his Bible of the printing mistakes it contained, had let slip a few words which were heard by his [[wiktionary:familiar#Noun|familiars]], one of whom was Angelo Rocca, giving the impression that he was planning a new edition.".{{Sfnp|Quentin|1922|loc=Chapitre septième – Les éditions Sixtine et Clémentine (1590–1592) [Chapter seven – The Sixtine and Clementine editions (1590–1592)]|pp=200–201}}

The full name of the Clementine Vulgate was: ''Biblia sacra Vulgatae Editionis, Sixti Quinti Pont. Max. iussu recognita atque edita''<ref name="Delville" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":12" /> (translation: "The Holy Bible of the Common/Vulgate Edition identified and published by the order of Pope Sixtus V.".<ref name=":12" />) The fact that the Clementine edition retained the name of Sixtus on its title page is the reason the Clementine Vulgate is sometimes known as the ''Sixto-Clementine Vulgate''.<ref name=":12" />

Nestle notes: "It may be added that the first edition to contain the names of both the Popes [Sixtus V and Clement VIII] upon the title page is that of 1604. The title runs: 'Sixti V. Pont. Max. iussu recognita et Clementis VIII. auctoritate edita'.".<ref name="nestle23">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontote00nestrich|title=Introduction to the textual criticism of the Greek New Testament|last=Nestle|first=Eberhard|date=1901|publisher=London [etc.] [[Williams and Norgate]]; New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons|others=University of California Libraries|editor-last=Menzies|editor-first=Allan|edition=2nd|page=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontote00nestrich/page/128 128]|translator-last=Edie|translator-first=William|chapter=Chapter II.}}</ref> Scrivener<ref name=":33">{{Cite book|last=Scrivener|first=Frederick Henry Ambrose|title=A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament|title-link=A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament|publisher=[[George Bell & Sons]]|year=1894|editor-last=Miller|editor-first=Edward|edition=4th|volume=2|location=London|page=65|chapter=Chapter III. Latin versions|author-link=Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener}}</ref> and Hastings share the same analysis. Hastings points out that "[t]he regular form of title in a modern Vulgate Bible — 'Biblia Sacra Vulgatae Editionis Sixti V. Pont. Max. jussu recognita et Clementis VIII. auctoritate edita' — cannot be traced at present earlier than 1604.". Up to that time, Sixtus seems to have appeared alone on the title page; after this date, Clement occasionally figures by himself.<ref name=":32" />

* {{Cite journal|last=Gerace|first=Antonio|s2cid=193547960|year=2016|title=Francis Lucas 'of Bruges' and Textual Criticism of the Vulgate before and after the Sixto-Clementine (1592)|url=https://limo.libis.be/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=LIRIAS1883326&context=L&vid=Lirias&search_scope=Lirias&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US&fromSitemap=1|journal=Journal of Early Modern Christianity|volume=3|issue=2|pages=201–237|doi=10.1515/jemc-2016-0008|via=[[KULeuven]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

*{{Cite book|url=httphttps://archive.org/details/variaelectiones00vercgoog|title=Variae lectiones Vulgatae Latinae Bibliorum editionis|last=Carlo Vercellone|date=1860|publisher=I. Spithöver|others=Harvard University|location=Rome|isbn=9780790583181 |language=la}}

*{{Cite book|url=httphttps://archive.org/details/analectajurispon01rome|title=Analecta juris pontificii|date=1855|others=Kelly – University of Toronto|series=1|location=Rome|pages=1321–1341|language=fr|chapter=Histoire de la correction de la Vulgate d'après le P. Ungarelli, Barnabite|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/analectajurispon01rome/page/n672/}}

*{{Cite web|url=https://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/resolve/displayview/bsb11203085.html|title=Tome {{!}} Biblia sacra vulgatae editionis / Sixtus {{!}} Biblia sacra vulgatae editionis / Sixtus|year=1590|website=reader.digitale-sammlungen.de|via=Bayerische Staatsbibliothek digital|access-date=2020-02-27}} ([[iarchive:vulgatasixtina|also in PDF on Archive.org]])

*{{Cite book|url=http://www.sacredbible.org/vulgate1822/|title=Biblia Sacra, Vulgatæ Editionis, Sixti V et Clementis VIII, 1590, 1592, 1593, 1598|year=1822–1824|editor-last=van Ess|editor-first=Leander}} (edition of the [[Sixto-Clementine Vulgate|1592 version of the Vulgate]] with variations from the two other subsequent editions (1593 and 1598) as well as of the 1590 Sixtine Vulgate)

** Bull ''[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Aeternus_Ille Aeternus Ille]'' on Wikisource (in Latin)

*Notice on the website of the [[Bodleian Libraries]]: ''[http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=oxfaleph015082951&context=L&vid=SOLO&lang=en_US&search_scope=LSCOP_ALL&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=local&query=any,contains,biblia%20sacra%20vulgatae&sortby=rank&offset=0 Biblia sacra Vulgatae editionis tribus tomis distincta.]''

*Notice on the website of the [[Morgan Library and Museum]]: [http://corsair.themorgan.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=53652 here]

[[Category:16th-century Latin books in Latin]]