Bullock cart: Difference between revisions

[[File:Bullock cart in Punjab, India.jpg|300px|thumb|A bullock cart in Punjab, India]]

A '''bullock cart''' or '''ox cart''' (sometimes called a '''[[Carriage#Bullock carriage|bullock carriage]]''' when carrying people in particular) is a two-wheeled or four-wheeled [[vehicle]] pulled by [[oxen]]. It is a means of transportation used since ancient times in many parts of the world. They are still used today where modern vehicles are too expensive or theless infrastructuresuitable favorfor themthe local infrastructure.

Used especially for carrying goods, the bullock cart is pulled by one or several oxen. The cart is attached to an ox team by a special chain attached to [[yoke]]s, but a rope may also be used for one or two animals. The driver, and any other passengers, sit on the front of the cart, while load (if there is any) is placed in the back. Traditionally, the cargo washas usuallybeen agrarian goods and [[lumber]].

The first indications forof the use of a wagon (cart tracks, incisions, model wheels) are dated to around 4400 BC. The oldest wooden wheels usable for transport were found in southern Russia and dated to 3325 ± 125 BC.<ref>Holm, Hans J. J. G. (2019): The Earliest Wheel Finds, their ArcheologyArchaeology and Indo-European Terminology in Time and Space, and Early Migrations around the Caucasus. Series Minor 43. Budapest: ARCHAEOLINGUA ALAPÍTVÁNY.{{ISBN|978-615-5766-30-5}}.</ref> Evidence of wheeled vehicles appears from the mid -[[4th millennium BC]], between the North Sea and Mesopotamia. The earliest vehicles may have been ox carts.<ref>David W. Anthony, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0FDqf415wqgC&pg=PA461 ''The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World.''] Princeton University Press, 2010 {{ISBN|1400831105}} p461</ref>

In Australia, bullock carts were referred to as ''bullock [[Cart|drays]]'' if they had two wheels, and ''bullock wagons,'' if they had four wheels, and they were usually used for carrying large loads. There were also four-wheeled vehicles known as ''jinkers'', which had no tray and were used to carry large loadstree logs or other large round objects, such as boilers. DraysThey were pulled by bullock teams, which could consist of 20 or more animals. The driver of a bullock team was known as a 'bullocky'.

In [[Costa Rica]], ox carts (''carretas'' in the [[Spanish language]]) were an important aspect of the daily life and commerce, especially between 1850 and 1935,<ref>http://www.guiascostarica.com/cr13.htm La carreta típica</ref> developing a unique construction and decoration tradition that is still being developed. Costa Rican [[parade]]s and traditional celebrations are not completeoften withoutinclude a traditional ox cart parade.

In [[Indonesia]], bullock carts are used in the rural parts of the country for transporting goods and people, but more often in Indonesia are [[horsecarhorse carts]]s usedare rathermore than bullock cartscommon. A bullock cart driver is known as, a ''bajingan'' in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], a ''bajingan''.

Bullock carts were widely used in Malaysia before the introduction of automobiles, and many are still used today. These included passenger vehicles, now used especially for tourists.<ref>{{in lang|ms}} [http://www.melaka.gov.my/v1/view_article.php?pageid=113 Melacca government Portal - Menaiki Kereta Lembu.]</ref> Passenger carts are usually equipped with awnings for protection against sun and rain, and are often gaily decorated.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.muziumnegara.gov.my/gallery/items/Kereta_Lembu_Melaka_10 |title=Passenger bullock cart outside Malaysia Museum.] |access-date=2010-02-14 |archive-date=2012-08-05 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805175001/http://www.muziumnegara.gov.my/gallery/items/Kereta_Lembu_Melaka_10 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ayang05.tripod.com/panper/ |title=Historical picture of bullock cart in Malaysia. |access-date=2010-09-15 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717102021/http://ayang05.tripod.com/panper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

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File:DonjaFesta Trešnjicade 155São João 2022 (5).jpg|Ox driveCattle-drawn cart in [[SerbiaPortugal]]

File:Girl on bullock cart, Umaria district, MP, India.jpg|A bullock cart in [[India]]

File:TheCosta cowRica pushing- thePoás decorated cart07b.jpg|Typical decoratedoxcart Costadecoration Ricanof ox[[Costa cartRica]]

File:Mexican Carreta, c. 1885.jpg|Mexican ''carreta'' in [[El Paso, Texas]], circa 1885. Photo courtesy [[Southern Methodist University|SMU]].

File:Bullock Cart in Punjab.jpg|thumb|Bullock Cart in [[Punjab]]

File:A bullock cart of 1836 displayed in the backyard.jpg|thumb|A bullock cart of 1836 displayed in the backyard[[California]]

File:Niger, Filingué (18), street scene.jpg|thumb|Ox-drawn cart in [[Filingué]], [[Niger]].

File:THE KING OF RIDERS.jpg|thumb|Bullock cart race in [[Jaffna]], Sri Lanka

* [[Bullocky]], Australian English term for the driver of a bullock team

[[Category:CostaCulture Ricanof Costa cultureRica]]