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'''ByteDance Ltd.''' is a Chinese internet technology company headquartered in [[Haidian, Beijing|Haidian]], [[Beijing]] and incorporated in the [[Cayman Islands]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last1=Yang |first1=Yingzhi |last2=Goh |first2=Brenda |date=2021-08-17 |title=Beijing took stake and board seat in key ByteDance domestic entity this year |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/beijing-owns-stakes-bytedance-weibo-domestic-entities-records-show-2021-08-17/ |access-date=2022-07-27 |archive-date=27 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727013737/https://www.reuters.com/world/china/beijing-owns-stakes-bytedance-weibo-domestic-entities-records-show-2021-08-17/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Founded by [[Zhang Yiming]], Liang Rubo, and a team of others in 2012, ByteDance developed the [[Online video platform|video-sharing]] [[Mobile app|apps]] [[TikTok]] and Douyin. The company is also the developer of the news platform [[Toutiao]].
ByteDance has attracted legislative and media attention in several countries over security, surveillance, and [[Chinese censorship abroad|censorship]] concerns.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news |last=Baker-White |first=Emily |date=March 16, 2023 |title=The FBI And DOJ Are Investigating ByteDance's Use Of TikTok To Spy On Journalists |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/emilybaker-white/2023/03/16/fbi-doj-investigating-bytedance-tiktok-surveillance-journalists/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317015139/https://www.forbes.com/sites/emilybaker-white/2023/03/16/fbi-doj-investigating-bytedance-tiktok-surveillance-journalists/ |archive-date=17 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite news |last=Baker-White |first=Emily |date=April 21, 2023 |title=Security Failures At TikTok's Virginia Data Centers: Unescorted Visitors, Mystery Flash Drives And Illicit Crypto Mining |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/emilybaker-white/2023/04/21/security-failures-tiktok-virginia-data-centers-unescorted-visitors-flash-drives/ |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430181452/https://www.forbes.com/sites/emilybaker-white/2023/04/21/security-failures-tiktok-virginia-data-centers-unescorted-visitors-flash-drives/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Milmo |first=Dan |date=2022-11-08 |title=TikTok's ties to China: why concerns over your data are here to stay |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/nov/07/tiktoks-china-bytedance-data-concerns |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en |archive-date=23 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123182919/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/nov/07/tiktoks-china-bytedance-data-concerns |url-status=live }}</ref>
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In June 2022, ByteDance partnered with [[Shanghai United Media Group]] to launch a plan to develop domestic and foreign [[Internet celebrity|influencers]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bagshaw |first=Eryk |date=2023-11-26 |title=The hired-gun influencers who are 'ready to stand up for China' |url=https://www.theage.com.au/world/asia/the-hired-gun-influencers-who-are-ready-to-stand-up-for-china-20230614-p5dgm9.html |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=[[The Age]] |language=en |archive-date=26 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126154119/https://www.theage.com.au/world/asia/the-hired-gun-influencers-who-are-ready-to-stand-up-for-china-20230614-p5dgm9.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Lobbying and political ad campaigns ===
{{See also|Lobbying in the United States}}
ByteDance's lobbying efforts in the U.S. are led by [[Michael Beckerman]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Fuchs |first1=Hailey |last2=Goujard |first2=Clothilde |last3=Lippman |first3=Daniel |date=March 31, 2023 |title=The campaign to save TikTok has been years in the making |work=[[Politico]] |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/03/30/tiktok-bans-government-influence-campaigns-investigation-00089256 |access-date=March 31, 2023 |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331225119/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/03/30/tiktok-bans-government-influence-campaigns-investigation-00089256 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Quinn |first=Jimmy |date=July 21, 2022 |title=TikTok's Owner Is Spending Millions on D.C. Lobbying |work=[[National Review]] |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2022/07/tiktoks-owner-is-spending-millions-on-d-c-lobbying/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221022191058/https://www.nationalreview.com/2022/07/tiktoks-owner-is-spending-millions-on-d-c-lobbying/ |archive-date=October 22, 2022}}</ref> According to disclosures filed under the [[Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995]], ByteDance has lobbied the [[United States Congress]], [[White House]], [[United States Department of Commerce|Department of Commerce]], [[United States Department of State|Department of State]], and the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Massaglia |first1=Anna |last2=Newwell |first2=Keith |date=2023-02-08 |title=ByteDance ramps up lobbying as concerns over TikTok's China ties and data security mount |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2023/02/bytedance-ramps-up-lobbying-concerns-over-tiktoks-china-ties-and-data-security-mount/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=[[OpenSecrets]] |language=en |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325155746/https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2023/02/bytedance-ramps-up-lobbying-concerns-over-tiktoks-china-ties-and-data-security-mount/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shaw |first=Donald |date=February 17, 2023 |title=TikTok Owner Uses Back Door to Donate in Honor of Members of Congress |work=Sludge |url=https://readsludge.com/2023/02/17/tiktok-owner-uses-back-door-to-donate-in-honor-of-members-of-congress/ |access-date=March 25, 2023 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325155757/https://readsludge.com/2023/02/17/tiktok-owner-uses-back-door-to-donate-in-honor-of-members-of-congress/ |url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2023|July}}, ByteDance has spent more than $17.7 million in lobbying since it first reported payments to federal lobbyists in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Massoglia |first=Anna |date=July 26, 2023 |title=ByteDance spends millions lobbying, outpacing prior years amid crackdown on TikTok's China ties |work=[[OpenSecrets]] |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2023/07/bytedance-spends-millions-lobbying-outpacing-prior-years-amid-crackdown-on-tiktoks-china-ties/ |access-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728025209/https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2023/07/bytedance-spends-millions-lobbying-outpacing-prior-years-amid-crackdown-on-tiktoks-china-ties/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, the company spent $8.7 million on lobbying.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maheshwari |first=Sapna |date=April 4, 2024 |title=TikTok Turns to Nuns, Veterans and Ranchers in Marketing Blitz |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/04/business/media/tiktok-marketing-blitz-ban.html |access-date=April 4, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=5 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405032107/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/04/business/media/tiktok-marketing-blitz-ban.html |url-status=live }}</ref>▼
▲
ByteDance's American lobbying team
ByteDance spent more than $17.7 million on lobbying from its first report in 2019 up to July 2023,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Massoglia |first=Anna |date=July 26, 2023 |title=ByteDance spends millions lobbying, outpacing prior years amid crackdown on TikTok's China ties |work=[[OpenSecrets]] |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2023/07/bytedance-spends-millions-lobbying-outpacing-prior-years-amid-crackdown-on-tiktoks-china-ties/ |access-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728025209/https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2023/07/bytedance-spends-millions-lobbying-outpacing-prior-years-amid-crackdown-on-tiktoks-china-ties/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and its 2023 lobbying expense added up to $8.7 million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maheshwari |first=Sapna |date=April 4, 2024 |title=TikTok Turns to Nuns, Veterans and Ranchers in Marketing Blitz |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/04/business/media/tiktok-marketing-blitz-ban.html |access-date=April 4, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=5 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405032107/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/04/business/media/tiktok-marketing-blitz-ban.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
In the run-up to the [[2024 United States Senate elections]], ByteDance launched a $2.1 million ad campaign targeting [[United States Senate|US Senate]] districts with vulnerable Democrats.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Andrews |first1=Natalie |last2=Kristina |first2=Peterson |date=March 31, 2024 |title=Early Clues Emerge on Senate's Plans for TikTok |url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/tiktok-ban-legislation-stalled-senate-379beae5 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-04-01 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |language=en-US |quote=The company started a $2.1 million marketing campaign across Senate battleground states such as Nevada, Montana, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and Ohio, all represented by vulnerable Senate Democrats running for re-election this year. The ads will run on television, as well as on billboards and bus stops. |archive-date=1 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401210331/https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/tiktok-ban-legislation-stalled-senate-379beae5 |url-status=live }}</ref>▼
▲In
==Products==
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Formerly known as [[Resso]], TikTok Music launched in [[Indonesia]] and [[Brazil]] in July 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|title=TikTok launches a music streaming service in Brazil and Indonesia called 'TikTok Music'|url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/07/06/tiktok-launches-a-music-streaming-service-in-brazil-and-indonesia-called-tiktok-music/|access-date=6 July 2023|work=[[TechCrunch]]|date=17 July 2023|archive-date=7 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707033850/https://techcrunch.com/2023/07/06/tiktok-launches-a-music-streaming-service-in-brazil-and-indonesia-called-tiktok-music/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 October 2023, TikTok Music premiered in Mexico, Singapore and Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/tiktok-music-just-launched-publicly-in-australia-singapore-and-mexico-without-universal-musics-catalog |title=TikTok Music just launched publicly in Australia, Singapore and Mexico… without Universal Music's catalog |date=19 October 2023 |access-date=14 March 2024 |archive-date=28 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228182714/https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/tiktok-music-just-launched-publicly-in-australia-singapore-and-mexico-without-universal-musics-catalog/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The platform allows users to highlight and share lyrics, comments and other user-generated content with each other alongside streaming of full-length tracks.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Resso, ByteDance's music streaming app, officially launches in India, sans Tencent-backed Universal Music|url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/04/resso-music-india-bytedance/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823225439/https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/04/resso-music-india-bytedance/|archive-date=23 August 2020|access-date=10 March 2020|work=TechCrunch|date=4 March 2020 }}</ref> ByteDance says that it has licensing agreements in place with [[Warner Music Group]], [[Sony Music Entertainment]], [[Merlin Network]] and [[Beggars Group]], among others.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tagat|first=Anurag|date=4 March 2020|title=TikTok Owner ByteDance Launches Resso App in India, Taking on Spotify|url=https://variety.com/2020/music/news/tiktok-bytedance-india-resso-launch-1203523772/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406080109/https://variety.com/2020/music/news/tiktok-bytedance-india-resso-launch-1203523772/|archive-date=6 April 2020|access-date=10 March 2020|work=Variety}}</ref> Resso
=== Toutiao ===
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{{Further|TikTok#United States|Restrictions on TikTok in the United States|Donald Trump–TikTok controversy}}
In 2019, ByteDance's subsidiary TikTok was fined by the [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) for violating the [[Children's Online Privacy Protection Act]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2019/02/video-social-networking-app-musically-agrees-settle-ftc |title=Video Social Networking App Musical.ly Agrees to Settle FTC Allegations That it Violated Children's Privacy Law |date=26 February 2019 |work=[[Federal Trade Commission]] |access-date=3 November 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191104022716/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2019/02/video-social-networking-app-musically-agrees-settle-ftc |archive-date=4 November 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lieber |first=Chavie |date=28 February 2019 |title=TikTok has been illegally collecting children's data |url=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/2/28/18244996/tiktok-children-privacy-data-ftc-settlement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831085424/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/2/28/18244996/tiktok-children-privacy-data-ftc-settlement |archive-date=31 August 2019 |access-date=1 March 2019 |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref> In response, ByteDance added a kids-only mode to TikTok which blocks the upload of videos, the building of user profiles, direct messaging, and commenting on other's videos, while still allowing the viewing and recording of content.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Dami |date=27 February 2019 |title=TikTok stops young users from uploading videos after FTC settlement |work=[[The Verge]] |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/27/18243510/tiktok-age-young-user-videos-ftc-settlement-13-childrens-privacy-law |url-status=live |access-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228011906/https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/27/18243510/tiktok-age-young-user-videos-ftc-settlement-13-childrens-privacy-law |archive-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> In August 2024, the FTC and U.S. Department of Justice filed a joint lawsuit alleging violations of the 2019 [[consent decree]] with the FTC.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-02 |title=Justice Department sues TikTok, accusing the company of illegally collecting children's data |url=https://apnews.com/article/tiktok-lawsuit-doj-ftc-children-eb0110e6f2281d8b9a7d2cad0af2e525 |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=[[Associated Press]] |language=en |archive-date=2 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802193830/https://apnews.com/article/tiktok-lawsuit-doj-ftc-children-eb0110e6f2281d8b9a7d2cad0af2e525 |url-status=live }}</ref>
TikTok and ByteDance have come under US lawmaker scrutiny due to fears of surveillance by the [[Chinese government]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Brian |first=Fung |date=June 29, 2022 |title=FCC commissioner calls on Apple and Google to remove TikTok from their app stores |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/29/tech/fcc-google-apple-tiktok-block/index.html |access-date=1 July 2022 |archive-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630221637/https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/29/tech/fcc-google-apple-tiktok-block/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> U.S. [[Presidency of Donald Trump|President Donald Trump]] wanted TikTok to be sold or be banned from app stores in the country. His [[executive orders]] were later blocked by the courts and revoked by his successor [[Presidency of Joe Biden|Joe Biden]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Allyn |first1=Bobby |date=6 August 2020 |title=Trump Signs Executive Order That Will Effectively Ban Use Of TikTok In the U.S. |work=[[NPR]] |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/08/06/900019185/trump-signs-executive-order-that-will-effectively-ban-use-of-tiktok-in-the-u-s |url-status=live |access-date=10 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809192956/https://www.npr.org/2020/08/06/900019185/trump-signs-executive-order-that-will-effectively-ban-use-of-tiktok-in-the-u-s |archive-date=9 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Nikki Carvajal and Caroline Kelly |date=7 August 2020 |title=Trump issues orders banning TikTok and WeChat from operating in 45 days if they are not sold by Chinese parent companies |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/06/politics/trump-executive-order-tiktok/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=10 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810020022/https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/06/politics/trump-executive-order-tiktok/index.html |archive-date=10 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 August 2020 |title=TikTok threatens legal action against Trump US ban |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53660860 |url-status=live |access-date=10 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809115431/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53660860 |archive-date=9 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Fischer |first=Sara |date=15 August 2020 |title=Trump tightens screws on ByteDance to sell Tiktok |work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |url=https://www.axios.com/trump-tightens-screws-on-bytedance-to-sell-tiktok-23e3d44c-8a68-4fe3-92aa-c3dbde5c1727.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815025821/https://www.axios.com/trump-tightens-screws-on-bytedance-to-sell-tiktok-23e3d44c-8a68-4fe3-92aa-c3dbde5c1727.html |archive-date=15 August 2020}}</ref> On 28 August 2020, China announced an update to its export control rules that, according to experts, could give Chinese authorities a say in any potential sale of ByteDance's technology to foreign firms.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mozur |first1=Paul |last2=Zhong |first2=Raymond |last3=McCabe |first3=David |date=29 August 2020 |title=TikTok Deal Is Complicated by New Rules from China Over Tech Exports |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/29/technology/china-tiktok-export-controls.html |url-status=live |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829181017/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/29/technology/china-tiktok-export-controls.html |archive-date=29 August 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
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